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''Rytigynia'' is a
genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...
s in the
family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
Rubiaceae The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules ...
. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''
Fadogia ''Fadogia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribution ''Fadogia'' is found in Tropical Africa. '' ...
'' form a strongly supported
clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...
but neither of these genera is
monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...
.


Distribution

''Rytigynia'' is found in
Tropical Africa Although tropical Africa is mostly familiar to the West for its rainforests, this biogeographic realm of Africa is far more diverse. While the tropics are thought of as regions with hot moist climates, which are caused by latitude and the tropi ...
. '' R. senegalensis'' and '' R. umbellulata'' are the two most widespread species and they are found from
Senegal Senegal,; Wolof: ''Senegaal''; Pulaar: 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 (Senegaali); Arabic: السنغال ''As-Sinighal'') officially the Republic of Senegal,; Wolof: ''Réewum Senegaal''; Pulaar : 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 ...
to
Sudan Sudan ( or ; ar, السودان, as-Sūdān, officially the Republic of the Sudan ( ar, جمهورية السودان, link=no, Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān), is a country in Northeast Africa. It shares borders with the Central African Republic t ...
to
Botswana Botswana (, ), officially the Republic of Botswana ( tn, Lefatshe la Botswana, label=Setswana, ), is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. Botswana is topographically flat, with approximately 70 percent of its territory being the Kalahar ...
. '' R. celastroides'' has the southernmost distribution and occurs as far south as
KwaZulu-Natal KwaZulu-Natal (, also referred to as KZN and known as "the garden province") is a province of South Africa that was created in 1994 when the Zulu bantustan of KwaZulu ("Place of the Zulu" in Zulu) and Natal Province were merged. It is locate ...
. However, most species are more restricted in distribution area and they are often found in either West or East Africa. Half of the species is even endemic to one country. One-third of all ''Rytigynia'' species is found in
Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands and ...
, and many of them are endemics.


Bacterial leaf symbiosis

Endophytic bacteria are housed in the intercellular space of the leaf
mesophyll tissue A leaf ( : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, ste ...
. The presence of these bacteria can only be microscopically ascertained. The bacteria are identified as ''
Burkholderia ''Burkholderia'' is a genus of Pseudomonadota whose pathogenic members include the ''Burkholderia cepacia'' complex, which attacks humans and ''Burkholderia mallei'', responsible for glanders, a disease that occurs mostly in horses and related a ...
'', which is a genus that is also found in the leaves of other Rubiaceae species. The hypothesis is that these endophytic bacteria provide chemical protection against insect herbivory.


Species

* ''
Rytigynia acuminatissima ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distributi ...
'' (
K.Schum. Karl Moritz Schumann (17 June 1851 – 22 March 1904) was a German botanist. Schumann was born in Görlitz. He was curator of the Botanisches Museum in Berlin-Dahlem from 1880 until 1894. He also served as the first chairman of the ''Deut ...
) Robyns * ''
Rytigynia adenodonta ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distributi ...
'' (
K.Schum. Karl Moritz Schumann (17 June 1851 – 22 March 1904) was a German botanist. Schumann was born in Görlitz. He was curator of the Botanisches Museum in Berlin-Dahlem from 1880 until 1894. He also served as the first chairman of the ''Deut ...
) Robyns * ''
Rytigynia argentea ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distributi ...
'' (Wernham) Robyns * ''
Rytigynia bagshawei ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distributi ...
'' (
S.Moore Spencer Le Marchant Moore (1 November 1850 – 14 March 1931) was an English botanist. Biography Moore was born in Hampstead. He worked at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, from about 1870 to 1879, wrote a number of botanical papers, and then work ...
) Robyns * ''
Rytigynia beniensis ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distributi ...
'' ( De Wild.) Robyns * ''
Rytigynia binata ''Rytigynia binata'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within ...
'' (
K.Schum. Karl Moritz Schumann (17 June 1851 – 22 March 1904) was a German botanist. Schumann was born in Görlitz. He was curator of the Botanisches Museum in Berlin-Dahlem from 1880 until 1894. He also served as the first chairman of the ''Deut ...
) Robyns * ''
Rytigynia bomiliensis ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distributi ...
'' ( De Wild.) Robyns * ''
Rytigynia bridsoniae ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distributi ...
'' Verdc. * '' Rytigynia bugoyensis'' (K.Krause) Verdc. * '' Rytigynia canthioides'' (
Benth. George Bentham (22 September 1800 – 10 September 1884) was an English botanist, described by the weed botanist Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century". Born into a distinguished family, he initially studie ...
) Robyns * ''
Rytigynia caudatissima ''Rytigynia caudatissima'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the ...
'' Verdc. * ''
Rytigynia celastroides ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and '' Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribut ...
'' (
Baill. Henri Ernest Baillon was a French botanist and physician. He was born in Calais on 30 November 1827 and died in Paris on 19 July 1895. Baillon spent his professional life as a professor of natural history, and he published numerous works on ...
) Verdc. * ''
Rytigynia claessensii ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and '' Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribut ...
'' ( De Wild.) Robyns * '' Rytigynia claviflora'' Robyns * '' Rytigynia congesta'' (K.Krause) Robyns * '' Rytigynia constricta'' Robyns * '' Rytigynia dasyothamnus'' (
K.Schum. Karl Moritz Schumann (17 June 1851 – 22 March 1904) was a German botanist. Schumann was born in Görlitz. He was curator of the Botanisches Museum in Berlin-Dahlem from 1880 until 1894. He also served as the first chairman of the ''Deut ...
) Robyns * ''
Rytigynia decussata ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distributi ...
'' (
K.Schum. Karl Moritz Schumann (17 June 1851 – 22 March 1904) was a German botanist. Schumann was born in Görlitz. He was curator of the Botanisches Museum in Berlin-Dahlem from 1880 until 1894. He also served as the first chairman of the ''Deut ...
) Robyns * ''
Rytigynia demeusei ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a Resampling (statistics), strongly supported clade but neither of ...
'' ( De Wild.) Robyns * '' Rytigynia dewevrei'' ( De Wild. & T.Durand) Robyns * '' Rytigynia dichasialis'' Lantz & Gereau * ''
Rytigynia dubiosa ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and '' Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribut ...
'' ( De Wild.) Robyns * '' Rytigynia eickii'' (
K.Schum. Karl Moritz Schumann (17 June 1851 – 22 March 1904) was a German botanist. Schumann was born in Görlitz. He was curator of the Botanisches Museum in Berlin-Dahlem from 1880 until 1894. He also served as the first chairman of the ''Deut ...
& K.Krause) Bullock * '' Rytigynia erythroxyloides'' (
Baill. Henri Ernest Baillon was a French botanist and physician. He was born in Calais on 30 November 1827 and died in Paris on 19 July 1895. Baillon spent his professional life as a professor of natural history, and he published numerous works on ...
) A.P.Davis & Govaerst * '' Rytigynia ferruginea'' Robyns * '' Rytigynia flavida'' Robyns * '' Rytigynia glabrifolia'' ( De Wild.) Robyns * '' Rytigynia gossweileri'' Robyns * '' Rytigynia gracilipetiolata'' ( De Wild.) Robyns * '' Rytigynia griseovelutina'' Verdc. * ''
Rytigynia hirsutiflora ''Rytigynia hirsutiflora'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the ...
'' Verdc. * '' Rytigynia humbertii'' Cavaco * ''
Rytigynia ignobilis ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and '' Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribut ...
'' Verdc. * '' Rytigynia kigeziensis'' Verdc. * ''
Rytigynia kiwuensis ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and '' Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribut ...
'' ( K.Krause) Robyns * '' Rytigynia krauseana'' Robyns * '' Rytigynia laurentii'' ( De Wild.) Robyns * ''
Rytigynia lecomtei ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and '' Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribut ...
'' Robyns * ''
Rytigynia leonensis ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and '' Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribut ...
'' (
K.Schum. Karl Moritz Schumann (17 June 1851 – 22 March 1904) was a German botanist. Schumann was born in Görlitz. He was curator of the Botanisches Museum in Berlin-Dahlem from 1880 until 1894. He also served as the first chairman of the ''Deut ...
) Robyns * '' Rytigynia lewisii'' Tennant * '' Rytigynia liberica'' Robyns * '' Rytigynia lichenoxenos'' (
K.Schum. Karl Moritz Schumann (17 June 1851 – 22 March 1904) was a German botanist. Schumann was born in Görlitz. He was curator of the Botanisches Museum in Berlin-Dahlem from 1880 until 1894. He also served as the first chairman of the ''Deut ...
) Robyns * '' Rytigynia longicaudata'' Verdc. * ''
Rytigynia longipedicellata ''Rytigynia longipedicellata'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Tanzania. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natura ...
'' Verdc. * '' Rytigynia longituba'' Verdc. * '' Rytigynia macrostipulata'' Robyns * '' Rytigynia macrura'' Verdc. * ''
Rytigynia madagascariensis ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a Resampling (statistics), strongly supported clade but neither of ...
'' Homolle ex Cavaco * ''
Rytigynia mayumbensis ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a Resampling (statistics), strongly supported clade but neither of ...
'' Robyns * '' Rytigynia membranacea'' ( Hiern) Robyns * ''
Rytigynia monantha ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a Resampling (statistics), strongly supported clade but neither of ...
'' (
K.Schum. Karl Moritz Schumann (17 June 1851 – 22 March 1904) was a German botanist. Schumann was born in Görlitz. He was curator of the Botanisches Museum in Berlin-Dahlem from 1880 until 1894. He also served as the first chairman of the ''Deut ...
) Robyns * '' Rytigynia mrimaensis'' Verdc. * '' Rytigynia mutabilis'' Robyns * ''
Rytigynia neglecta ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a Resampling (statistics), strongly supported clade but neither of ...
'' ( Hiern) Robyns * '' Rytigynia nigerica'' (
S.Moore Spencer Le Marchant Moore (1 November 1850 – 14 March 1931) was an English botanist. Biography Moore was born in Hampstead. He worked at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, from about 1870 to 1879, wrote a number of botanical papers, and then work ...
) Robyns * ''
Rytigynia nodulosa ''Rytigynia nodulosa'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa with ...
'' (
K.Schum. Karl Moritz Schumann (17 June 1851 – 22 March 1904) was a German botanist. Schumann was born in Görlitz. He was curator of the Botanisches Museum in Berlin-Dahlem from 1880 until 1894. He also served as the first chairman of the ''Deut ...
) Robyns * ''
Rytigynia obscura ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distributi ...
'' Robyns * '' Rytigynia orbicularis'' (
K.Schum. Karl Moritz Schumann (17 June 1851 – 22 March 1904) was a German botanist. Schumann was born in Görlitz. He was curator of the Botanisches Museum in Berlin-Dahlem from 1880 until 1894. He also served as the first chairman of the ''Deut ...
) Robyns * '' Rytigynia parvifolia'' Verdc. * '' Rytigynia pauciflora'' (
Schweinf. Georg August Schweinfurth (29 December 1836 – 19 September 1925) was a Baltic German botanist and ethnologist who explored East Central Africa. Life and explorations He was born at Riga, Latvia, then part of the Russian Empire. He was ...
ex Hiern) R.D.Good * '' Rytigynia pawekiae'' Verdc. * '' Rytigynia pergracilis'' Verdc. * ''
Rytigynia pseudolongicaudata ''Rytigynia pseudolongicaudata'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East A ...
'' Verdc. * ''
Rytigynia pubescens ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a Resampling (statistics), strongly supported clade but neither of ...
'' Verdc. * '' Rytigynia rhamnoides'' Robyns * '' Rytigynia rubiginosa'' (
K.Schum. Karl Moritz Schumann (17 June 1851 – 22 March 1904) was a German botanist. Schumann was born in Görlitz. He was curator of the Botanisches Museum in Berlin-Dahlem from 1880 until 1894. He also served as the first chairman of the ''Deut ...
) Robyns * '' Rytigynia rubra'' Robyns * ''
Rytigynia ruwenzoriensis ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distributi ...
'' ( De Wild.) Robyns * '' Rytigynia saliensis'' Verdc. * '' Rytigynia sambavensis'' Cavaco * ''
Rytigynia senegalensis ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distributi ...
'' Blume * '' Rytigynia setosa'' Robyns * '' Rytigynia seyrigii'' Cavaco * '' Rytigynia squamata'' ( De Wild.) Robyns * ''
Rytigynia stolzii ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and '' Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribut ...
'' Robyns * '' Rytigynia subbiflora'' (Mildbr.) Robyns * ''
Rytigynia syringifolia ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distributi ...
'' (
Baker A baker is a tradesperson who bakes and sometimes sells breads and other products made of flour by using an oven or other concentrated heat source. The place where a baker works is called a bakery. History Ancient history Since grains ha ...
) A.P.Davis & Govaerts * '' Rytigynia torrei'' Verdc. * '' Rytigynia uhligii'' (
K.Schum. Karl Moritz Schumann (17 June 1851 – 22 March 1904) was a German botanist. Schumann was born in Görlitz. He was curator of the Botanisches Museum in Berlin-Dahlem from 1880 until 1894. He also served as the first chairman of the ''Deut ...
& K.Krause) Verdc. * ''
Rytigynia umbellulata ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distributi ...
'' ( Hiern) Robyns * '' Rytigynia verruculosa'' (K.Krause) Robyns * ''
Rytigynia xanthotricha ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distributi ...
'' (
K.Schum. Karl Moritz Schumann (17 June 1851 – 22 March 1904) was a German botanist. Schumann was born in Görlitz. He was curator of the Botanisches Museum in Berlin-Dahlem from 1880 until 1894. He also served as the first chairman of the ''Deut ...
) Verdc.


References


External links


''Rytigynia'' in the World Checklist of Rubiaceae

''Rytigynia''
A
Index Nominum Genericorum
At

At

{{Taxonbar, from=Q7385460 Flora of Africa Rubiaceae genera Vanguerieae Taxonomy articles created by Polbot