Ryanoids are a class of
insecticide
Insecticides are substances used to kill insects. They include ovicides and larvicides used against insect eggs and larvae, respectively. Insecticides are used in agriculture, medicine, industry and by consumers. Insecticides are claimed to b ...
s which share the same
mechanism of action
In pharmacology, the term mechanism of action (MOA) refers to the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect. A mechanism of action usually includes mention of the specific molecular targe ...
as the
alkaloid
Alkaloids are a class of basic, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Some synthetic compounds of similar ...
ryanodine
Ryanodine is a poisonous diterpenoid found in the South American plant ''Ryania speciosa'' (Salicaceae). It was originally used as an insecticide.
The compound has extremely high affinity to the open-form ryanodine receptor, a group of calcium cha ...
. Ryanodine is a naturally occurring insecticide isolated from ''
Ryania speciosa
''Ryania speciosa'' is a species of plant in the family Salicaceae.
The species is significant partly because the ryanoid insecticides are derived from, and have the same mode of action as the alkaloid ryanodine, which was originally extracted ...
''.
Ryanoids include natural chemicals which are closely related to ryanodine, such as
ryanodol and
9,21-didehydroryanodol, and also chemically distinct synthetic compounds such as
chlorantraniliprole
Chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr) is an insecticide of the ryanoid classes. Chlorantraniliprole was developed world-wide by DuPont and belongs to a class of selective insecticides featuring a novel mode of action to control a range of pests belong ...
(Rynaxypyr),
flubendiamide
Flubendiamide is a synthetic petrochemical pesticide in of the ryanoid class which acts at receptors in insect muscles. The chemical contains a perfluorinated functional group.
Regulation
The United States Environmental Protection Agency regist ...
,
cyantraniliprole
Cyantraniliprole is an insecticide of the ryanoid class, specifically a diamide insecticide (IRAC MoA group 28). It is approved for use in the United States, Canada, China, and India. Because of its uncommon mechanism of action as a ryanoid, it ...
,
cyclaniliprole, and
tetraniliprole, which are called diamide insecticides.
Ryanoids exert their insecticidal effect by interacting with
ryanodine receptors, a type of
calcium channel
A calcium channel is an ion channel which shows selective permeability to calcium ions. It is sometimes synonymous with voltage-gated calcium channel, although there are also ligand-gated calcium channels.
Comparison tables
The following tables e ...
. This causes loss of muscle function
leading to paralysis and death.
References
{{insecticides
Insecticides