__NOTOC__
The Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Protection Troops of the
Russian Armed Forces (russian: Войска радиационной, химической и биологической защиты Вооружённых сил Российской Федерации (Войска РХБ защиты ВС РФ), Voyska radnatsionnoy khimicheskoy i biologicheskoy zashchiti Vooruzhyonn'kh sil Rossiyskoy Federatsii (Voyska RKhB zashchiti VS RF)) are an organisation designed to reduce the losses of the
Ground Forces
An army (from Old French ''armee'', itself derived from the Latin verb ''armāre'', meaning "to arm", and related to the Latin noun ''arma'', meaning "arms" or "weapons"), ground force or land force is a fighting force that fights primarily on ...
and ensuring their combat tasks assigned during operations in conditions of
radioactive, chemical and biological contamination, as well as at enhancing their survivability and protection against high-precision and other weapons.
In 1944, the
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army ( Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, afte ...
's Chemical Troops had 19 brigades (14 technical and 5 chemical protection). After the end of World War II, most of them were disbanded. General Major
Vladimir Pikalov (promoted to
Colonel General by 1975) commanded the Chemical Troops of the Ministry of Defence from March 1968 to December 1988. He was in charge of the specialised military units at the site of the
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant disaster. Pikalov arrived at the scene on the afternoon of 26 April 1986, and assumed command of the specialised military units there. General Pikalov was later made a
Hero of the Soviet Union
The title Hero of the Soviet Union (russian: Герой Советского Союза, translit=Geroy Sovietskogo Soyuza) was the highest distinction in the Soviet Union, awarded together with the Order of Lenin personally or collectively for ...
for his actions there. Among the 23 brigades of the Chemical Troops in the late 1980s were the 1st (
:ru:1-я мобильная бригада РХБ защиты at Shikhany-2 (Vol'sk-18), two kilometres from
Shikhany
Shikhany (russian: Шиханы) is a town in Saratov Oblast, Russia, located north of Saratov on the right bank of the Volga River Population: . It has been a closed town since 1997, but lost this status on 1 January 2019. The town is located 2 ...
, in the
Saratov Oblast
Saratov Oblast (russian: Сара́товская о́бласть, ''Saratovskaya oblast'') is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the Volga Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Saratov. As of the 2010 Cen ...
of the
Volga Military District
The Volga Military District (PriVO) was a military district of the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation that existed from 1918 to 1989 and 1992 to 2001.
The district headquarters was located at Kazan, Saratov and Kuibyshev (Samara) at different ...
, 2nd Brigade at
Teikovo in the
Moscow Military District
The Order of Lenin Moscow Military District was a military district of the Soviet Armed Forces and the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The district was awarded the Order of Lenin in 1968. In 2010 it was merged with the Leningrad Military D ...
, 3rd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 11th, 12th, 16th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 25th, 26th, 27th, and the 28th (
28-ма окрема бригада радіаційного, хімічного, біологічного захисту) located in
Severodonetsk
russian: Северодоне́цк
, other_name = Severodonetsk
, settlement_type = City
, image_skyline =
, image_caption =
, image_flag = Severodoneck prapor.png
, image_shield ...
in the
Kyiv Military District
The Kiev Military District (; , abbreviated ) was a military district of the Imperial Russian Army and subsequently of the Red Army and Soviet Armed Forces. It was first formed in 1862, and was headquartered in Kiev (Kyiv) for most of its exi ...
. In 1992, the Chemical Troops within the Russian Armed Forces were renamed the NBC Protection Troops.
Structure and tasks
The basis of the NBC Protection Troops are multifunctional separate NBCP brigades which have subunits capable to perform all NBC protection activities.
Their main tasks include:
* identification and assessment of radiological, chemical and biological environment, scales and effects of damages of objects hazardous radiatively, chemically and biologically;
*
protection
Protection is any measure taken to guard a thing against damage caused by outside forces. Protection can be provided to physical objects, including organisms, to systems, and to intangible things like civil and political rights. Although th ...
of formations and units against the nuclear effects of mass destruction weapons and radiological, chemical and biological contamination;
* reducing the visibility of troops and facilities;
* disaster (damage) recovery in objects hazardous radiatively, chemically and biologically;
* causing loss to the enemy by using flame-
incendiary means.
The NBC Protection Troops are organised for both conduct of hostilities using nuclear, biological and chemical weapons and without them and includes:
*
nuclear detection The threat of radiological attacks has led several organizations to develop specially designed nuclear detection systems. These systems differ in design and abilities.
(Sandia National Labs)
MINDS - Miniature Integrated Nuclear Detection System(Pr ...
;
* NBC reconnaissance and control;
* collection and processing of data and information on radiological, chemical and biological environment;
* notification of troops on NBC contamination;
* conducting special treatment (decontamination, degassing and disinfection) of armaments, military and special equipment, buildings and other objects, as well as sanitisation of personnel;
*
aerosol counteraction against the enemy’s reconnaissance and targeting means.
The NBCP Troops are developing as dual-purpose forces, able to solve tasks both in war and peace times, in the aftermath of accidents and disasters in industrial facilities hazardous radiatively, chemically and biologically. Further build-up of their capacity is realized by creating a modern system to identify and assess the extent and effects of weapons of mass destruction, integrated with automated control systems of troops and weapons and stable functioning in the NBC threat environment and strong
electronic countermeasures
An electronic countermeasure (ECM) is an electrical or electronic device designed to trick or deceive radar, sonar, or other detection systems, like infrared (IR) or lasers. It may be used both offensively and defensively to deny targeting info ...
. In addition, there is a process to equip formations, units and subdivisions of NBCP with new, highly effective means of NBC reconnaissance, individual and collective defence, technical means of reducing the visibility and masking, flame-throwing incendiary weapons, as well as to introduce improved materials, formulations, methods and technical means of decontamination.
As of 2019, the commander of the NBC Protection Troops is Lieutenant General Igor Kirilov
Hardware
![Troops of the RKhBZ of the Russian army at the exercises](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Troops_of_the_RKhBZ_of_the_Russian_army_at_the_exercises.png)
What follows is a partial list as of November 2018 of military hardware available to the Russian NBCP troops:
[
* RKhM-6 is a chemical reconnaissance vehicle on a ]BTR-80
The BTR-80 (russian: бронетранспортёр, bronyetransportyor, literally "armoured transporter") is an 8×8 wheeled amphibious armoured personnel carrier (APC) designed in the USSR. It was adopted in 1985 and replaced the previous ...
base
*RPO-A Shmel
The RPO-A Shmel ( rus, реактивный пехотный огнемёт-А Шмель (РПО-А Шмель), Rocket-propelled Infantry Flamethrower-A Bumblebee) is a man-portable disposable rocket-assisted Flamethrower, It is classified as a ...
infantry rocket flamethrower
* TMS-65 is a specialized chemical vehicle on Ural-375
The Ural-375 is a general purpose 4.5 ton 6×6 truck, which has been produced at the Ural Automotive Plant in the Russian SFSR since 1961. The Ural-375 replaced the ZIL-157 as the standard Soviet Army truck in 1979. It was itself replaced by the ...
undercarriage
* TDA-3 smoke generator is designed to camouflage military facilities
* UTM-80 heat engine
* PMK-4 gas mask
*TOS-1
TOS-1 (russian: тяжёлая огнемётная система ОС-1}, Heavy Flamethrower System) is a Soviet 220 mm 30-barrel (original system, Object 634 or TOS-1M) or 24-barrel (Object 634B or TOS-1A) multiple rocket launcher capab ...
flamethrower
*heavy Tosochka flamethrower
Units
*1st Mobile NBC Protection Brigade ( Shikhany-2, Oblast of Saratov) (MUN 71432, Central Military District
The Central Military District (Russian: Центральный военный округ) is a military district of Russia.
It is one of the five military districts of the Russian Armed Forces, with its jurisdiction primarily within the ...
)
*16th NBC Protection Brigade ( Lesozavodsk) (MUN 07059, Eastern Military District)
*27th NBC Protection Brigade (Kursk
Kursk ( rus, Курск, p=ˈkursk) is a city and the administrative center of Kursk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Kur, Tuskar, and Seym rivers. The area around Kursk was the site of a turning point in the Soviet–German stru ...
) (MUN 11262, Western Military District
The Western Military District (russian: Западный военный округ, Zapadnyy voyennyy okrug) is a military district of Russia.
It is one of the five military districts of the Russian Armed Forces, with its jurisdiction primari ...
)
*28th NBC Protection Brigade (Kamyshin
Kamyshin (russian: Камы́шин) is a city in Volgograd Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Volgograd Reservoir of the Volga River, in the estuary of the Kamyshinka River. Its population was Past populations for Kamyshin include ...
, Volgograd Oblast
Volgograd Oblast (russian: Волгогра́дская о́бласть, ''Volgogradskaya oblast'') is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia, located in the Volga region of Southern Russia. Its administrative center is Volgograd. The populat ...
) (MUN 65363, Southern Military District)
*29th NBC Protection Brigade (Yekaterinburg
Yekaterinburg ( ; rus, Екатеринбург, p=jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk), alternatively romanized as Ekaterinburg and formerly known as Sverdlovsk ( rus, Свердло́вск, , svʲɪrˈdlofsk, 1924–1991), is a city and the administra ...
) (MUN 34081, Central Military District)
*2nd NBC Protection Regiment (Chapayevsk
Chapayevsk (russian: Чапа́евск) is a town in Samara Oblast, Russia, located from the city of Samara, on the right bank of the Chapayevka River (a tributary of the Volga River). Population:
It was previously known as ''Ivashchenkovo'' ...
) (MUN 18664, 2nd Guards Combined Arms Army)
*4th NBC Protection Regiment (Sevastopol
Sevastopol (; uk, Севасто́поль, Sevastópolʹ, ; gkm, Σεβαστούπολις, Sevastoúpolis, ; crh, Акъя́р, Aqyár, ), sometimes written Sebastopol, is the largest city in Crimea, and a major port on the Black Sea ...
) (MUN 86862)
*6th NBC Protection Regiment ( Sapyornoye, Leningrad Oblast
Leningrad Oblast ( rus, Ленинградская область, Leningradskaya oblast’, lʲɪnʲɪnˈgratskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ, , ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It was established on 1 August 1927, although it was not until 194 ...
, Priozersky District
Priozersky District (russian: Приозерский район) is an administrativeOblast Law #32-oz and municipalLaw #50-oz district (raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast and bor ...
) (MUN 12086, 6th Combined Arms Army))
*9th NBC Protection Regiment (Shikhany
Shikhany (russian: Шиханы) is a town in Saratov Oblast, Russia, located north of Saratov on the right bank of the Volga River Population: . It has been a closed town since 1997, but lost this status on 1 January 2019. The town is located 2 ...
), (MUN 29753)
*10th NBC Protection Regiment (Topchikha
Topchikha (russian: Топчиха) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Topchikhinsky District of Altai Krai, Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Eur ...
) (MUN 55121, 41st Combined Arms Army
The 41st Combined Arms Army (russian: 41-я общевойсковая армия) is a field army of the Russian Ground Forces, currently part of the Central Military District. Originally, it was formed in 1942 as part of the Soviet Red Army, du ...
)
*17th NBC Protection Regiment (Krasnodar Krai
Krasnodar Krai (russian: Краснода́рский край, r=Krasnodarsky kray, p=krəsnɐˈdarskʲɪj kraj) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the North Caucasus region in Southern Russia and administratively a part of ...
) (49th Combined Arms Army
The 49th Combined Arms Army (russian: 49-я общевойсковая армия) is a combined arms ( field) army (CAA) of the Russian Ground Forces, formed in 2010 and headquartered in Stavropol.
Part of the Southern Military District, the ar ...
)
*19th NBC Protection Regiment ( Gorny, Zabaykalsky Krai) (MUN 56313, 29th Combined Arms Army
The Soviet Red Army's 29th Army was a field army of the Red Army and it is presently part of the Russian Ground Forces.
History
It was first formed in July 1941 in the Moscow Military District on the basis of 30th Rifle Corps. The 245th, 252nd ...
)
*20th NBC Protection Regiment ( Tsentralny, Volodarsky District) (MUN 12102, 1st Guards Tank Army
The 1st Guards Tank Army () is a tank army of the Russian Ground Forces.
The army traces its heritage back to the 1st Tank Army, formed twice in July 1942 and in January 1943 and converted into the 1st Guards Tank Army in January 1944. The arm ...
)
*24th NBC Protection Battalion (20th Guards Combined Arms Army
The 20th Guards Combined Arms Army (originally designated as the 4th Tank Army, 4th Guards Tank Army in 1945, 4th Guards Mechanised Army in 1946, and the 20th Guards Army in 1960 within the Soviet Ground Forces) is a field army. In 1991, after th ...
)
*25th NBC Protection Regiment ( Sergeyevka, Pogranichny District) (MUN 58079, 5th Combined Arms Army
The 5th Combined Arms Red Banner Army (5-я общевойсковая армия) is a Russian Ground Forces formation in the Eastern Military District.
It was formed in 1939, served during the Soviet invasion of Poland that year, and was depl ...
)
*26th NBC Protection Regiment (Onokhoy
Onokhoy (russian: Онохо́й; bua, Нохой, ''Nokhoi'') is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Zaigrayevsky District of the Republic of Buryatia, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 10,689.
Administrative ...
) (MUN 62563, 36th Combined Arms Army
The 36th Combined Arms Army is a combined arms ( field) army of the Russian Ground Forces, part of the Eastern Military District (Military Unit Number 05776).
History
The army was formed in 1997 from the 55th Army Corps at Borzya in the Siberi ...
)
*35th NBC Protection Regiment (Belogorsk, Amur Oblast
Belogorsk (russian: Белого́рск) is a town in Amur Oblast, Russia, located on the river Tom, a tributary of the Zeya. Population: 53,000 (1969); 34,000 (1939).
The town was included in a list of towns at risk of social problems, in ...
) (MUN 59792, 35th Combined Arms Army)
*39th NBC Protection Regiment ( Oktyabrsky, Kalachovsky District, Volgograd Oblast
Volgograd Oblast (russian: Волгогра́дская о́бласть, ''Volgogradskaya oblast'') is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia, located in the Volga region of Southern Russia. Its administrative center is Volgograd. The populat ...
) (MUN 16390, 8th Guards Combined Arms Army)
*40th NBC Protection Regiment ( Troitskaya, Ingushetia, Republic of Ingushetia
Ingushetia (; russian: Ингуше́тия; inh, ГӀалгӏайче, Ghalghayče), officially the Republic of Ingushetia,; inh, Гӏалгӏай Мохк, Ghalghay Moxk is a republic of Russia located in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe. ...
) (MUN 16383, 58th Combined Arms Army
The 58th Combined Arms Army (russian: 58-я общевойсковая армия) is an army of the Russian Ground Forces, headquartered at Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia-Alania, within Russia's Southern Military District. It was formed in 1941 as pa ...
)
*70th Separate Flamethrower Battalion ( Razdolnoye, Primorsky Krai) (MUN 41474)
Videogallery
File:Стрельбы из тяжёлой огнемётной системы ТОС-1А «Солнцепёк» на полигоне Лужский.webm, TOS-1A Solntsepyok combat firing; 20th NBC Protection Regiment
File:ТОС-1А «Солнцепёк» провели боевые стрельбы в Ленинградской области.webm, TOS-1A Solntsepyok combat firing; 6th NBC Protection Regiment
See also
* NBC Protection Military Academy
The Marshal Semyon Timoshenko NBC Protection Military Academy () is a military university in Kostroma in the Kostroma Oblast training officers for service in the Russian NBC Protection Troops of the Russian Ground Forces. It was established in 19 ...
* Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit
The Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit (CJIRU) (french: links=no, Unité interarmées d'intervention du Canada, UIIC) of the Canadian Armed Forces was created "to provide timely and agile broad-based CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological and ...
* 2nd Dragoon Regiment (France)
The 2nd Dragoon Regiment (french: 2e régiment de dragons, 2e RD) is the only NBC Defense Unit of the French Army, stationed at Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, by Saumur in Maine-et-Loire. The current regiment is an amalgamation of the old 2nd Dragoon Regime ...
* United States Army CBRN School
The United States Army CBRN School (USACBRNS), located at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, is a primary American training school specializing in military Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) defense. until 2008, it was known as th ...
* Chemical Corps
The Chemical Corps is the branch of the United States Army tasked with defending against chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) weapons. The Chemical Warfare Service was established on 28 June 1918, combining activities that unti ...
References
*
External links
{{Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
Military units and formations of Russia
NBC units and formations