The
Russian Federation
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
competed at the
2012 Summer Olympics
The 2012 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the XXX Olympiad and also known as London 2012) was an international multi-sport event held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London, England, United Kingdom. The first event, the ...
in London, United Kingdom, from 27 July to 12 August 2012. This was the nation's fifth consecutive appearance at the Summer Olympics as an independent nation. The
Russian Olympic Committee
The Russian Olympic Committee (ROC; russian: Олимпийский комитет России (ОКР), Olimpiyskiy komitet Rossii (OKR); Full name: All-Russian united social union "Olympic Committee of Russia", russian: Общероссий ...
sent a total of 436 athletes to the Games, 208 men and 228 women, to compete in 24 sports. For the first time in its Olympic history, Russia was represented by more female than male athletes.
Russia left London with a total of 82 medals (24 gold, 27 silver, and 31 bronze), finishing fourth in the overall medal standings, but was later
stripped
Stripped may refer to:
Music
* "Stripped" (song), by Depeche Mode, 1986
* ''Stripped'' (Christina Aguilera album) or the title song, 2002
* ''Stripped'' (Daniel Ash album), 2014
* ''Stripped'' (Macy Gray album), 2016
* ''Stripped'' (Pretty Ma ...
of 16 medals (6 gold, 8 silver, 2 bronze) for doping violations. The 16 stripped medals are the most ever stripped from one nation at an Olympic Games. Most of the medals won by Russia were awarded to the team in gymnastics, wrestling, athletics, and boxing. Of the twenty-four sports played by the Russian athletes, at least a single Olympic medal was won in sixteen of them. Russian athletes dominated in rhythmic gymnastics and synchronized swimming, where they won gold medals in all the events. Nine Russian athletes won more than a single Olympic medal in London. Russia's team-sport athletes also proved successful at these games, as the men's volleyball and basketball teams won gold and bronze medals, respectively. For the first time in its history, Russia won Olympic gold medals in judo, winning three golds in the men's events. The success was attributed to an increased investment in the sport by the government and
Vladimir Putin
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin; (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who holds the office of president of Russia. Putin has served continuously as president or prime minister since 1999: as prime min ...
's personal interest.
Among the nation's medalists were
Aliya Mustafina
Aliya Farkhatovna Mustafina (russian: Алия Фархатовна Мустафина) is a Russian former artistic gymnast. With a combined total of 45 Olympic, World and European Championship medals, she is considered one of the most success ...
, who emerged as one of the most successful Russian gymnasts in history, with a total of four Olympic medals at a single games, and
Maria Sharapova
Maria Yuryevna Sharapova ( , ; rus, Мари́я Ю́рьевна Шара́пова, p=mɐˈrʲijə ʂɐˈrapəvə, a=Maria_sharapova.ogg; born 19 April 1987) is a Russian former List of WTA number 1 ranked singles tennis players, world No. 1 ...
, who won silver in the women's tennis singles against United States'
Serena Williams
Serena Jameka Williams (born September 26, 1981) is an American inactive professional tennis player. Considered among the greatest tennis players of all time, she was ranked world No. 1 in singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for ...
.
Anastasia Davydova became the most successful synchronized swimmer in Olympic history, with a total of five gold medals, while her compatriots
Natalia Ishchenko
Natalia Sergeyevna Ishchenko (russian: Наталья Серге́евна Ищенко; born 8 April 1986) is a retired Russian competitor in synchronized swimming, five-times Olympic champion and nineteen-times world champion.
Ishchenko annou ...
and
Svetlana Romashina managed to win gold medals in both duet and team events.
Olga Zabelinskaya
Olga Sergeyevna Zabelinskaya (also transliterated Zabelinskaia; russian: Ольга Серге́евна Забелинская; born 10 May 1980) is a Russian-born Uzbekistani professional racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's Conti ...
became the first Russian female cyclist to win two Olympic medals in road events. Diver
Ilya Zakharov
Ilya Leonidovich Zakharov (russian: Илья Леонидович Захаров; born 2 May 1991) is a Russian diver and politician. He is the 2012 Olympics gold medalist in 3 metre Springboard.
Career Junior
In 2007, Zakharov debuted in int ...
recaptured Russia's success in his sport after 12 years, as he won its first ever gold medal in men's springboard. Rhythmic gymnast
Evgeniya Kanaeva
Evgeniya Olegovna Kanaeva Order For Merit to the Fatherland, OMF (russian: Евгения Олеговна Канаева; born 2 April 1990) is a Russian individual rhythmic gymnast. She is the only individual rhythmic gymnast in history to wi ...
made history by becoming the first back-to-back Olympic champion in the individual all-around event, while the Russian group in rhythmic gymnastics defended their Olympic title for the fourth consecutive time in the group all-around.
Medalists
, width=78% align=left valign=top ,
, width="22%" align="left" valign="top" ,
Competitors
The
Russian Olympic Committee
The Russian Olympic Committee (ROC; russian: Олимпийский комитет России (ОКР), Olimpiyskiy komitet Rossii (OKR); Full name: All-Russian united social union "Olympic Committee of Russia", russian: Общероссий ...
selected a team of 436 athletes, 208 men and 228 women, to compete in all sports except
field hockey
Field hockey is a team sport structured in standard hockey format, in which each team plays with ten outfield players and a goalkeeper. Teams must drive a round hockey ball by hitting it with a hockey stick towards the rival team's shooting ci ...
and
football
Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal. Unqualified, the word ''football'' normally means the form of football that is the most popular where the word is used. Sports commonly c ...
; it was the nation's third-largest team sent to the Olympics, tying its record with
Sydney
Sydney ( ) is the capital city of the state of New South Wales, and the most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Sydney Harbour and extends about towards the Blue Mountain ...
in 2000. Athletics was the nation's largest team by sport, with a total of 104 competitors.
The Russian team featured 12 defending champions from Beijing, including pole vaulter
Yelena Isinbayeva
Yelena Gadzhievna Isinbayeva ( rus, Елена Гаджиевна Исинбаева, p=jɪˈlʲɛnə gɐˈdʐɨjɪvnə ɪsʲɪnˈbajɪvə; born 3 June 1982) is a Russian former pole vaulter. She is a two-time Olympic gold medalist (2004 and 20 ...
(who competed at her fourth Olympics), synchronized swimmer
Anastasia Davydova, race walkers
Olga Kaniskina
Olga Nikolayevna Kaniskina (russian: О́льга Никола́евна Кани́ськина; born January 19, 1985 in Napolnaya Tavla, Kochkurovsky District, Mordovian ASSR, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union) is a Russian coach and former race ...
and
Valeriy Borchin
Valeriy Viktorovich Borchin (russian: Вале́рий Ви́кторович Бо́рчин; born 11 September 1986) is a race walker from Russia who won the 2008 Olympic gold medal and was World champion over the 20 km distance. His Worl ...
, modern pentathlete
Andrey Moiseyev
Andrey Sergeyevich Moiseyev (russian: Андрей Серге́евич Моисеев, born June 3, 1979) is a Russian pentathlete, who won the gold medal in the modern pentathlon at the 2004 Summer Olympics and 2008 Summer Olympics. His 2004 sc ...
and rhythmic gymnast
Evgeniya Kanaeva
Evgeniya Olegovna Kanaeva Order For Merit to the Fatherland, OMF (russian: Евгения Олеговна Канаева; born 2 April 1990) is a Russian individual rhythmic gymnast. She is the only individual rhythmic gymnast in history to wi ...
. Among these champions, Isinbayeva, Davydova and Kanaeva managed to defend their Olympic titles for the second consecutive time in their events. Kanaeva became the first rhythmic gymnast to win back to back gold medal at the Olympics. Volleyballer
Yevgeniya Estes
Yevgeniya Viktorovna Estes (russian: Евге́ния Ви́кторовна Э́стес, born 17 July 1975 in Sverdlovsk), née Artamonova (Артамонова), is a Russian volleyball player who was a member of the national team and one of ...
became the first Russian athlete to compete in six Olympic games, although she first appeared as part of the Unified Team. Meanwhile, rifle shooters
Artyom Khadjibekov and
Sergei Kovalenko
Sergey Ivanovich Kovalenko (russian: Серге́й Ива́нович Ковале́нко, uk, Сергій Іванович Коваленко; born 11 August 1947, died 18 November 2004 at age 57 in Kyiv) was a Soviet Ukrainian ...
, and volleyballer
Sergey Tetyukhin
Sergey Yuryevich Tetyukhin (russian: Серге́й Юрьевич Тетюхин; born 23 September 1975) is a former Russian volleyball player. He was born in Fergana, Uzbekistan. He is 1.97 m tall, and plays as passer-attacker. Together ...
made their fifth Olympic appearance. Equestrian show jumper Vladimir Tuganov, at age 51, was the oldest athlete of the team, while relay swimmer
Mariya Baklakova was the youngest at age 15.
Other notable Russian athletes featured
NBA
The National Basketball Association (NBA) is a professional basketball league in North America. The league is composed of 30 teams (29 in the United States and 1 in Canada) and is one of the major professional sports leagues in the United St ...
basketball players
Andrei Kirilenko
Andrei Gennadyevich Kirilenko (russian: Андрей Геннадьевич Кириленко; born February 18, 1981) is a Russian-American basketball executive and former professional basketball player, currently the commissioner of the Russ ...
and
Timofey Mozgov
Timofey Pavlovich Mozgov ( rus, Тимофей Павлович Мозгов, p=tʲɪmɐˈfʲej mɐˈzɡof, born July 16, 1986) is a Russian former professional basketball player. Mozgov won an NBA championship with the Cleveland Cavaliers in 20 ...
, high jumpers
Ivan Ukhov
Ivan Sergeyevich Ukhov (russian: Иван Сергеевич Ухов; born 29 March 1986) is a Russian high jumper. He won a gold medal at the 2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships and is a two-time European Indoor champion (2009 and 2011). ...
and
Anna Chicherova
Anna Vladimirovna Chicherova (russian: Анна Владимировна Чичерова; born 22 July 1982) is a Russian high jumper. She was the gold medalist at the 2012 London Olympics and the 2011 World Championships in Athletics and origin ...
, US-based swimmers
Vladimir Morozov and
Arkady Vyatchanin
Arkady Arkadyevich Vyatchanin (russian: Аркадий Аркадьевич Вятча́нин, sr-Cyrl, Аркадиј Аркадјевич Вјатчањин; born 4 April 1984) is a retired Russian, Serbian and American backstroke swimmer. H ...
, and gymnast and world individual all-around champion
Aliya Mustafina
Aliya Farkhatovna Mustafina (russian: Алия Фархатовна Мустафина) is a Russian former artistic gymnast. With a combined total of 45 Olympic, World and European Championship medals, she is considered one of the most success ...
. World number-one female tennis player
Maria Sharapova
Maria Yuryevna Sharapova ( , ; rus, Мари́я Ю́рьевна Шара́пова, p=mɐˈrʲijə ʂɐˈrapəvə, a=Maria_sharapova.ogg; born 19 April 1987) is a Russian former List of WTA number 1 ranked singles tennis players, world No. 1 ...
, who competed at her first Olympics, became Russia's first female flag bearer at the opening ceremony.
, width=78% align=left valign=top ,
The following is the list of number of competitors participating in the Games:
Archery
Russian athletes qualified a team of 3 through
2011 World Archery Championships
The 2011 World Archery Championships was the 46th edition of the event. It was held in Turin, Italy on 2–10 July 2011 and was organized by International Archery Federation (FITA). The event was contested in two different areas. The preliminary ...
.
Athletics
Russian athletes achieved qualifying standards in the following athletics events (up to a maximum of 3 athletes in each event at the 'A' Standard, and 1 at the 'B' Standard): 26 Russian track and field athletes
failed doping tests in the aftermath of the London Olympics, and 11 medals were
rescinded. On 1 May 2013, discus thrower
Darya Pishchalnikova
Darya Vitalyevna Pishchalnikova (russian: Дарья Витальевна Пищальникова, born 19 July 1985 in Astrakhan) is a female discus thrower from Russia. Pishchalnikova is the sister of Bogdan Pishchalnikov and Kirill Pishchal ...
was stripped of her silver medal and received a 10-year ban by the
International Olympic Committee
The International Olympic Committee (IOC; french: link=no, Comité international olympique, ''CIO'') is a non-governmental sports organisation based in Lausanne, Switzerland. It is constituted in the form of an association under the Swiss ...
for a positive doping test on
oxandrolone
Oxandrolone, sold under the brand names Oxandrin and Anavar, among others, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which is used to help promote weight gain in various situations, to help offset protein catabolism caused by long-term ...
.
On January 30, 2015 3000 m steeplechaser
Yuliya Zaripova
Yuliya Mikhailovna Zaripova ( rus, Юлия Михайловна Зарипова, née Ivanova ( rus, Иванова), divorced Zarudneva ( rus, Заруднева); born 26 April 1986 in Svetly Yar, Volgograd Oblast) is a Russian former middl ...
received a 2 years and 6 months ban from the
Russian Anti-Doping Agency
The Russian Anti-Doping Agency (RUSADA; russian: Российское антидопинговое агентство, РУСАДА), established in January 2008, is the Russian National Anti-Doping Organisation (NADO), affiliated with (but suspen ...
after a positive doping test for
blood doping
Blood doping is a form of doping in which the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream is boosted in order to enhance athletic performance. Because such blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the muscles, a higher concentration in the bl ...
.
Afterwards, it was that said Russia "sabotaged" the 2012 Olympics by allowing athletes who should have been banned for doping violations to compete in the London Olympics, with RUSADA covering up positive tests and punishing only those athletes who would have been banned anyway.
;Key
;Men
;Track & road events
![Aleksey Reunkov (Russia) - London 2012 Mens Marathon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Aleksey_Reunkov_%28Russia%29_-_London_2012_Mens_Marathon.jpg)
;Field events
;Combined events –
Decathlon
The decathlon is a combined event in Athletics (sport), athletics consisting of ten track and field events. The word "decathlon" was formed, in analogy to the word "pentathlon", from Greek language, Greek δέκα (''déka'', meaning "ten") and ...
;Women
;Track & road events
![Mariya Savinova and Ekaterina Poistogova - Womens 800m - 2012 Olympics](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Mariya_Savinova_and_Ekaterina_Poistogova_-_Womens_800m_-_2012_Olympics.jpg)
;Field events
;Combined events –
Heptathlon
A heptathlon is a track and field combined events contest made up of seven events. The name derives from the Greek επτά (hepta, meaning "seven") and ἄθλος (áthlos, or ἄθλον, áthlon, meaning "competition"). A competitor in a hept ...
Badminton
Basketball
Russia's women team qualified for the event by winning the
EuroBasket Women 2011
The 2011 European Women Basketball Championship, commonly called EuroBasket Women 2011, was the 33rd regional championship held by FIBA Europe. The competition was held in Poland from 2011. This was the 4th time that the EuroBasket Women was ho ...
.
The men qualified through the world qualification tournament.
* Women's event – 1 team of 12 players
* Men's event – 1 team of 12 players.
Men's tournament
;Roster
;Group play
;Quarter-final
;Semifinal
;Bronze medal game
Women's tournament
;Roster
;Group play
;Quarterfinals
;Semifinals
;Bronze medal match
Boxing
Russia qualified boxers for the following events:
;Men
;Women
Canoeing
Slalom
Russia qualified boats for the following events:
Sprint
Russia qualified 15 athletes quota places through
2011 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 2011 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships was the thirty-ninth edition of the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships, that took place between 17 and 21 August 2011 in Szeged, Hungary. The Southern Hungarian city welcomed the world event for the ...
held at
Szeged
Szeged ( , ; see also #Etymology, other alternative names) is List of cities and towns of Hungary#Largest cities in Hungary, the third largest city of Hungary, the largest city and regional centre of the Southern Great Plain and the county seat ...
, Hungary.
;Men
;Women
Qualification Legend: FA = Qualify to final (medal); FB = Qualify to final B (non-medal)
Cycling
Russia qualified cyclists for the following events:
Road
![Tatiana Antoshina, London 2012 Time Trial - Aug 2012](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Tatiana_Antoshina%2C_London_2012_Time_Trial_-_Aug_2012.jpg)
;Men
;Women
Track
;Sprint
;Team sprint
;Pursuit
;Keirin
;Omnium
Mountain biking
Diving
Russia qualified a maximum of 7 divers from
2011 World Aquatics Championships
The 14th FINA World Championships () were held on 16–31 July 2011 in Shanghai, China at the Shanghai Oriental Sports Center. The 2011 World Championships featured five aquatics disciplines: swimming, water polo, diving, open water, and synchro ...
in Shanghai. Russia also qualified another diver in the men's 10 m platform and the men's 10 m platform synchronised team at the 2012 Diving World Cup.
;Men
;Women
Equestrian
Eventing
Show jumping
Fencing
Russia qualified 15 fencers.
;Men
;Women
Gymnastics
Artistic
;Men
;Team
;Individual finals
;Women
;Individual finals
Rhythmic
Trampoline
Handball
* Women's team event – 1 team of 14 players
Women's tournament
;Group play
;Quarterfinals
Judo
Russia qualified 7 men and 5 women for the Olympics.
;Men
;Women
Modern pentathlon
Russia qualified two men and two women.
Rowing
;Men
;Women
Qualification Legend: FA=Final A (medal); FB=Final B (non-medal); FC=Final C (non-medal); FD=Final D (non-medal); FE=Final E (non-medal); FF=Final F (non-medal); SA/B=Semifinals A/B; SC/D=Semifinals C/D; SE/F=Semifinals E/F; QF=Quarterfinals; R=Repechage
Sailing
Russia qualified 1 boat for each of the following events:
;Men
;Women
M = Medal race; EL = Did not advance
;Match racing
Shooting
Russia earned 24 quotas in shooting events:
;Men
;Women
Swimming
Russian swimmers achieved qualifying standards in the following events (up to a maximum of 2 swimmers in each event at the Olympic Qualifying Time (OQT), and 1 at the Olympic Selection Time (OST)):
;Men
;Women
Synchronized swimming
Russia qualified 9 quota places in synchronized swimming at the 2012 Olympics.
Table tennis
Russia qualified two athletes for singles table tennis events. Based on their world ranking as of 16 May 2011
Alexey Smirnov and
Alexander Shibaev qualified for the
men's event.
Taekwondo
Russia ensured berths in the following events of taekwondo by reaching the top 3 of the 2011 WTF World Qualification Tournament.
Russia also qualified in two more events in the European Championships.
Tennis
;Men
;Women
![Victoria Azarenka, Serena Williams and Maria Sharapova with medals 2012 (cropped)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Victoria_Azarenka%2C_Serena_Williams_and_Maria_Sharapova_with_medals_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg)
;Mixed
Triathlon
Volleyball
Russia qualified a men's team and a women's team for the indoor tournaments.
* Men's team event – 1 team of 12 players
* Women's team event – 1 team of 12 players
Beach
Men's indoor tournament
;Team roster
;Group play
;Quarterfinal
;Semifinal
;Final
Women's indoor tournament
;Team roster
;Group play
;Quarterfinals
Water polo
* Women's team event – 1 team of 13 players
Women's tournament
;Group play
;Quarterfinals
;5–8th place semifinals
;Fifth place game
Weightlifting
Russia qualified 6 men and 4 women. Three of the medals that Russia initially won in weightlifting were stripped due to doping violations.
;Men
;Women
Wrestling
;Men's freestyle
;Men's Greco-Roman
;Women's freestyle
Russian doping scandal
![Berlinger Bereg Kit doping sampling bottles by Augustas Didzgalvis](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Berlinger_Bereg_Kit_doping_sampling_bottles_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg)
Media attention began growing in December 2014 when German broadcaster
ARD reported on state-sponsored doping in Russia, comparing it to
doping in East Germany
The government of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) conducted a decades long program of coercive administration and distribution of performance-enhancing drugs, initially testosterone, later mainly anabolic drugs to its elite athletes. The ai ...
. In November 2015, the
World Anti-Doping Agency
The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA; french: Agence mondiale antidopage, AMA) is a foundation initiated by the International Olympic Committee based in Canada to promote, coordinate, and monitor the fight against drugs in sports. The agency's key ...
(WADA) published a report, and the
International Association of Athletics Federations
World Athletics, formerly known as the International Amateur Athletic Federation (from 1912 to 2001) and International Association of Athletics Federations (from 2001 to 2019, both abbreviated as the IAAF) is the international governing body for ...
(IAAF) suspended Russia indefinitely from world track and field events. The 335-page report, compiled following a nearly year-long investigation by a commission led by former anti-doping agency President
Dick Pound
Richard William Duncan Pound (born March 22, 1942), better known as Dick Pound, is a Canadian swimming (sport), swimming champion, lawyer, and Spokesperson, spokesman for ethics in sport. He was the first president of the World Anti ...
, urged the IAAF to suspend Russia from competition, including the
2016 Summer Olympics
The 2016 Summer Olympics ( pt, Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2016), officially the Games of the XXXI Olympiad ( pt, Jogos da XXXI Olimpíada) and also known as Rio 2016, was an international multi-sport event held from 5 to 21 August 20 ...
. The report said Russia "sabotaged" the 2012 Olympics by allowing athletes who should have been banned for doping violations to compete in the London Games. It recommended the anti-doping agency impose lifetime suspensions for 10 Russian coaches and athletes, including women's 800-meters gold medalist
Mariya Savinova
Mariya Sergeyevna Savinova (russian: Мария Сергеевна Савинова; born 13 August 1985) is a Russian former athlete who specialized in the 800-metres event. In 2017, she was found guilty of doping and was subsequently suspen ...
. The United Kingdom Anti-Doping agency later assisted WADA with testing in Russia. In June 2016, they reported that they were unable to fully carry out their work and noted intimidation by armed
Federal Security Service
The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB) RF; rus, Федеральная служба безопасности Российской Федерации (ФСБ России), Federal'naya sluzhba bezopasnosti Rossiyskoy Feder ...
(FSB) agents.
After a Russian former lab director made allegations about the
2014 Winter Olympics
, ''Zharkie. Zimnie. Tvoi'')
, nations = 88
, events = 98 in 7 sports (15 disciplines)
, athletes = 2,873
, opening = 7 February 2014
, closing = 23 February 2014
, opened_by = President Vladimir Putin
, cauldron =
, stadium = Fisht Olympic ...
in
Sochi
Sochi ( rus, Со́чи, p=ˈsotɕɪ, a=Ru-Сочи.ogg) is the largest resort city in Russia. The city is situated on the Sochi River, along the Black Sea in Southern Russia, with a population of 466,078 residents, up to 600,000 residents in ...
, WADA commissioned an independent investigation led by
Richard McLaren. McLaren's investigation found corroborating evidence, concluding in a report published in July 2016 that the
Ministry of Sport
A Ministry of Sports or Ministry of Youth and Sports is a kind of government Ministry (government department), ministry found in certain countries with responsibility for the regulation of sports, particularly those participated in by young people ...
and the FSB had operated a "state-directed failsafe system" using a "disappearing positive
estmethodology" (DPM) from "at least late 2011 to August 2015".
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Russia At The 2012 Summer Olympics
Nations at the 2012 Summer Olympics
2012
File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
Summer Olympics
The Summer Olympic Games (french: link=no, Jeux olympiques d'été), also known as the Games of the Olympiad, and often referred to as the Summer Olympics, is a major international multi-sport event normally held once every four years. The inau ...
Doping in Russia