Rujm Al-Malfouf Watch Tower
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Rujm ( ar, رجم, ''rûjm''; p. ''rûjûm'') is an Arabic word that appears as an element in numerous
place names Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of ''toponyms'' (proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage and types. Toponym is the general term for a proper name of ...
. It can be translated as "mound,
cairn A cairn is a man-made pile (or stack) of stones raised for a purpose, usually as a marker or as a burial mound. The word ''cairn'' comes from the gd, càrn (plural ). Cairns have been and are used for a broad variety of purposes. In prehis ...
, hill, spur", and also as "stone heap" or "
tumulus A tumulus (plural tumuli) is a mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves. Tumuli are also known as barrows, burial mounds or ''kurgans'', and may be found throughout much of the world. A cairn, which is a mound of stones buil ...
".Mann, 2005, p. 139.Negev and Gibson, 2005
p. 518
The following is a list of place names that include ''Rujm'' as an element: *Kanân Rujm Kûddâh, "the peaks of the cairn of the potter", or of "the flint stone for striking fir"Stewardson, 1888, p. 100. *Khirbat er Rujm, "the ruin of the stone heap"Stewardson, 1888, p. 118. *Rujm Abu ḤashabeCarter, 1999
p. 329
*Rujm Abu Helal, "the cairn of Abu Helal"PEF et al., 1838, p. 195. *Rujm Abu Meheir (Rujm Abu Muheir), "the cairn of Abu Meheir"Talbert, 2000, p. 1080. *Rujm Abu Shuweikeh, "the cairn of the
thistle Thistle is the common name of a group of flowering plants characterised by leaves with sharp prickles on the margins, mostly in the family Asteraceae. Prickles can also occur all over the planton the stem and on the flat parts of the leaves. ...
s" *Rujm Abu Zumeiter, "the cairn of Abu Zumeiter" *Rujm Afâneh, "the cairn of rottenness" *Rujm el 'Ajamy, "the cairn of the Persian" *Rujm 'Alei, "the cairn of the high place" *Rujm 'Atîyeh, "the cairn of 'Atiyeh" *Rujm el 'Azâzimeh, "the cairn of the Azazimeh
Arab The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, ...
s" *Rujm el Bahr, "the cairn of the sea"; a site by the name is on the
Dead Sea The Dead Sea ( he, יַם הַמֶּלַח, ''Yam hamMelaḥ''; ar, اَلْبَحْرُ الْمَيْتُ, ''Āl-Baḥrū l-Maytū''), also known by other names, is a salt lake bordered by Jordan to the east and Israel and the West Bank ...
shore near
Jericho Jericho ( ; ar, أريحا ; he, יְרִיחוֹ ) is a Palestinian city in the West Bank. It is located in the Jordan Valley, with the Jordan River to the east and Jerusalem to the west. It is the administrative seat of the Jericho Gove ...
*Rujm el Bakarah "the cairn of the cow" *Rujm el Bârish, "the cairn of the ground covered with variegated herbiage" *Rujm Bâruk, "the cairn of Baruk" *Rujm Beni Yasser, "rujm of the sons of Yasser" (a fortlet of
Nabataean The Nabataeans or Nabateans (; Nabataean Aramaic: , , vocalized as ; Arabic: , , singular , ; compare grc, Ναβαταῖος, translit=Nabataîos; la, Nabataeus) were an ancient Arab people who inhabited northern Arabia and the southern Lev ...
origin)Parker and Betylon, 2006, p. xix.Parker and Betylon, 2006
p. 294
*Rujm Birjis (on the Kerak plateau)Lapp, Schaub and Rast, 1989
p. 90
*Rujm ed Debbâbeh, "the cairn of the moveable hut" *Rujm ed Deir, "the cairn of the monastery" *Rujm ed Derbi, "the cairn of the roadster" *Rujm edh Dhib, "the cairn of the wolf" *Rujm ed DîrStewardson, 1888, p. 56. *Rujm ed Dûribeh, "the cairn of the little road" *Rujm el Fahjeh, "the cairn of el Fahjeh" *Rujm el-FarideyyehTalbert, 2000, p. 1089. *Rujm Heleiseh, "the cairn of the verdure" *Rujm Handhal, "the cairn of
colocynth ''Citrullus colocynthis'', with many common names including Abu Jahl's melon, (native name in Turkey) colocynth, bitter apple, bitter cucumber, egusi, vine of Sodom, or wild gourd, is a desert viny plant native to the Mediterranean Basin and A ...
" *Rujm el Heik, "the cairn of the
spindle Spindle may refer to: Textiles and manufacturing * Spindle (textiles), a straight spike to spin fibers into yarn * Spindle (tool), a rotating axis of a machine tool Biology * Common spindle and other species of shrubs and trees in genus ''Euony ...
" *Rujm el-Hamiri, (southeast of
Hebron Hebron ( ar, الخليل or ; he, חֶבְרוֹן ) is a Palestinian. city in the southern West Bank, south of Jerusalem. Nestled in the Judaean Mountains, it lies above sea level. The second-largest city in the West Bank (after East J ...
)Magness, 2004
p. 28
*Rujm al-Henu, (
Jordan Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan Rive ...
)Heinzeller and Nebelsick, 2004
p. 464
*Rujm el Heri, (southeast of
Madaba Madaba ( ar, مادبا; Biblical Hebrew: ''Mēḏəḇāʾ''; grc, Μήδαβα) is the capital city of Madaba Governorate in central Jordan, with a population of about 60,000. It is best known for its Byzantine and Umayyad mosaics, espec ...
) *
Rujm el-Hiri Rujm el-Hiri ( ar, رجم الهري, ''Rujm al-Hīrī''; he, גִּלְגַּל רְפָאִים ''Gilgal Refā'īm'' or ''Rogem Hiri'') is an ancient megalithic monument consisting of concentric circles of stone with a tumulus at center. It is ...
, "the stone heap of the wild cat" *Rujm el Humeitah, "the cairn of the mountain
fig The fig is the edible fruit of ''Ficus carica'', a species of small tree in the flowering plant family Moraceae. Native to the Mediterranean and western Asia, it has been cultivated since ancient times and is now widely grown throughout the world ...
" *Rujm el Hummûs, "the cairn of the chick-pea" *Rujm el Humra, "the red cairn" *Rujm Ibn Basma, "the cairn of Ibn Basma" *Rujm Jemảh, "the cairn of the gathering"Stewardson, 1888, p. 136. *Rujm Jîz, "the cairn on the valley side" *Rujm Jureideh, "the cairn of the troop" *Rujm el Kahakîr, "the cairn of the stone heaps" *Rujm el Kandôl, "the cairn of the thorn tree" *Rujm el-KhadarCarter, 1999
p. 209
*Rujm el Kherâzmîyeh, "the cairn of the Kharezinians" *Rujm el Khiâri, "the cairn of the cucumber" *Rujm el Kurrât, "the stone of the attacks" *Rujm Kuteit, "the cairn of the cat" or "the cairn of the crag" *Rujm el Lukâr, "the cairn of Lukâr" *
Rujm Al-Malfouf Rujm Al-Malfouf is one of a series of watchtowers from the Ammonite kingdomSign at Rujm Al-Malfouf. in modern day Amman, Jordan. Its name can be directly translated as the Hill of the Twisted tone which derives from the tower's circular shape. Buil ...
, "circular towers"McGovern and Brown, 1986
p. 9
*Rujm (el Mehawâfet) el Kibliyyeh, "the southern cairn (of the boundary)" *Rujm (el Mehawâfet) esh Shemaliyyeh, "the northern cairn (of the boundary)" *Rujm el-Merih, (a Nabataean or Late Roman era watchtower located south of
Lajjun Lajjun ( ar, اللجّون, ''al-Lajjūn'') was a large Palestinian Arab village in Mandatory Palestine, located northwest of Jenin and south of the remains of the biblical city of Megiddo. The Israeli kibbutz of Megiddo, Israel was built o ...
)Parker and Betylon, 2006, p. xviii. *Rujm el-Meshreferh (in Jordan, associated with Mizpah)Walton et al., 2000
p. 313
*Rujm el Mogheifir, "the cairn of the pardoned" *Rujm el Mutukh, "the cairn of the debris" *Rujm en Nâkeh, (Rujm en-Naqa) "the cairn of the
she-camel The She-Camel of God ( ar, نَـاقـة الله) in Islam was a miraculous female camel sent by God to the people of Thamud in Al-Hijr, after they demanded a miracle from the prophet Salih. The narrative and story of the she-camel is recorded in ...
"Shatzman, 1991
p. 60
*Rujm en Niâs, "the cairn of en Niyâs *Rujm en Nûeita, "the cairn of the sailors" *Rujm en Nūkb, "the cairn of the pass" *Rujm er Refeif, "the glittering cairn" *Rujm Reheif, "the sharp-pointed cairn" *Rujm Reiya, "the cairn of quenching thirst", or "the cairn of sweet fragrance" *Rujm es S'â, "the cairn of the tax-gatherers" *Rujm es Sâîgh (Rujm as-Sayigh), "the cairn of the goldsmith"Pringle, 1997, p. 9. *Rujm es-SebitCarter, 1999
p. 192
*
Rujm ash Shami Rujm al-Shami is a town in the Amman Governorate in northwestern Jordan Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, ...
*
Rujm ash Shara'irah Rujm ash Shara'irah is a town in the Amman Governorate of north-western Jordan Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, A ...
*Rujm esh Sheikh Suleimân, "the cairn of Sheikh Suleimân" *Rujm Shummer, "the cairn of wild fennel" *Rujm es Sûeif, "the cairn of the little sword" *Rujm at Tarûd, "the cairn of the projection", or "the cairn of the prominent peak" *Rujm Umm el 'Arâis, "the cairn of the mother of brides" *Rujm Umm Kheir, "the cairn of Umm Kheir" *Rujm Umm es Sata, "the cairn of the mother of the assault" *Rujm el Waîr, "the cairn of rugged rocks" *Rujm el Yaklûm, "the cairn of Yaklûm" *Rujm az-Zuwaira (in Zuwaira al-Fauqa, or Upper
Zohar The ''Zohar'' ( he, , ''Zōhar'', lit. "Splendor" or "Radiance") is a foundational work in the literature of Jewish mystical thought known as Kabbalah. It is a group of books including commentary on the mystical aspects of the Torah (the five ...
)Pringle, 1997, p. 118. *Rŭjûm el Behîmeh, "the cairns of the beast" *Rujûm Umm Kharrûbeh, "the cairns by the locust tree" (
Ceratonia siliqua The carob ( ; ''Ceratonia siliqua'') is a flowering evergreen tree or shrub in the Caesalpinioideae sub-family of the legume family, Fabaceae. It is widely cultivated for its edible fruit pods, and as an ornamental tree in gardens and lands ...
) (or, "the cairns of the mother of the carob tree")


See also

*
Glossary of Arabic toponyms The glossary of Arabic toponyms gives translations of Arabic terms commonly found as components in Arabic toponyms. A significant number of them were put together during the PEF Survey of Palestine carried out in the second half of the 19th cent ...
*
Place names of Palestine Many place names in Palestine were Arabized forms of ancient Hebrew and Canaanite place-names used in biblical times or later Aramaic formations. Most of these names have been handed down for thousands of years though their meaning was understood ...


References


Bibliography

* * * * * * * * * * * *Henry C. Stewardson (Editor) Palestine Exploration Fund * * {{refend Arabic words and phrases Place names Lists of place names