Rudolf Horvat

Rudolf Horvat (14 March 1873 in Koprivnica – 25 May 1947 in

Zagreb Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital and largest city of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and Slov ...

) was a

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n historian. Horvat graduated from history and geography in 1896, as well as law in 1918 from the

University of Zagreb The University of Zagreb ( hr, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, ; la, Universitas Studiorum Zagrabiensis) is the largest Croatian university and the oldest continuously operating university in the area covering Central Europe south of Vienna and all of ...

. He worked as a history teacher in Osijek,

Zemun Zemun ( sr-cyrl, Земун, ; hu, Zimony) is a municipality in the city of Belgrade. Zemun was a separate town that was absorbed into Belgrade in 1934. It lies on the right bank of the Danube river, upstream from downtown Belgrade. The developme ...

Petrinja Petrinja () is a town in central Croatia near Sisak in the historic region of Banovina. It is administratively located in Sisak-Moslavina County. On December 29, 2020, the town was hit by a strong earthquake with a magnitude of 6.4 , causing ...

and Zagreb secondary schools before and during the

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

. During the war, Horvat was accused of being sympathetic to the Kingdom of Serbia and briefly detained in Hungary in response. After establishment of the new South Slavic state, the

Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Kingdom commonly refers to: * A monarchy ruled by a king or queen * Kingdom (biology), a category in biological taxonomy Kingdom may also refer to: Arts and media Television * ''Kingdom'' (British TV series), a 2007 British television drama s ...

(later renamed Yugoslavia), Horvat was forced to retire from teaching due to his criticism of the coat of arms of the new kingdom. In early 1920s, Horvat is an associate of the

Croatian Peasant Party The Croatian Peasant Party ( hr, Hrvatska seljačka stranka, HSS) is an agrarian political party in Croatia founded on 22 December 1904 by Antun and Stjepan Radić as Croatian Peoples' Peasant Party (HPSS). The Brothers Radić believed that t ...

(HSS) leader Stjepan Radić, elected to the national parliament on the HSS party list of candidates in 1920 and 1923. He resigned his post after the HSS joined the Krestintern. In 1926, Horvat resumed teaching history in Zagreb for another four years, until he came into conflict with Yugoslav authorities. He published daily articles in the paper in 1932–1940 and established the ''Hrvatski rodoljub'' (lit. Croatian Patriot) historical society in Zagreb in 1937. Horvat published ''Hrvatska prošlost'' (lit. Croatian Past) journal in 1940–1943. During the existence of the

Axis An axis (plural ''axes'') is an imaginary line around which an object rotates or is symmetrical. Axis may also refer to: Mathematics * Axis of rotation: see rotation around a fixed axis * Axis (mathematics), a designator for a Cartesian-coordinat ...

puppet state A puppet state, puppet régime, puppet government or dummy government, is a state that is ''de jure'' independent but ''de facto'' completely dependent upon an outside power and subject to its orders.Compare: Puppet states have nominal sove ...

Independent State of Croatia The Independent State of Croatia ( sh, Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH; german: Unabhängiger Staat Kroatien; it, Stato indipendente di Croazia) was a World War II-era puppet state of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. It was established in p ...

(1941–1945), Horvat resumed his teaching career, including at the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Zagreb. After defeat of the Axis powers, Horvat was indicted for his positions expressed in his article ''Ljetopis Hrvatske 1918. do 1942.'' (lit. Annals of Croatia 1918–1942), convicted and sentenced to ten years of loss of political and civil rights. {{DEFAULTSORT:Horvat, Rudolf 1873 births 1947 deaths Croatian Peasant Party politicians Croatian historians People from Koprivnica University of Zagreb alumni Academic staff of the University of Zagreb