Rothschild () is a name derived from the

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...

''zum rothen Schild'' (with the old spelling "th"), meaning "with the red sign", in reference to the houses where these family members lived or had lived. At the time, houses were designated by signs with different symbols or colors, not numbers. The name ''Rothschild'' in

Yiddish Yiddish (, or , ''yidish'' or ''idish'', , ; , ''Yidish-Taytsh'', ) is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated during the 9th century in Central Europe, providing the nascent Ashkenazi community with a ver ...

means "red coat" (coat as in heraldic coat of arms). The Rothschild banking family's coat of arms features in the center of its

heraldry Heraldry is a discipline relating to the design, display and study of armorial bearings (known as armory), as well as related disciplines, such as vexillology, together with the study of ceremony, rank and pedigree. Armory, the best-known branch ...

a red

shield A shield is a piece of personal armour held in the hand, which may or may not be strapped to the wrist or forearm. Shields are used to intercept specific attacks, whether from close-ranged weaponry or projectiles such as arrows, by means of a ...

. The German surname "Rothschild" is not related to the

Scottish Scottish usually refers to something of, from, or related to Scotland, including: *Scottish Gaelic, a Celtic Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family native to Scotland *Scottish English *Scottish national identity, the Scottish ide ...

/ Irish surname of "Rothchilds" from the United Kingdom.

People

The most notable family of people with this surname are descendants of

Mayer Amschel Rothschild Mayer Amschel Rothschild (23 February 1744 – 19 September 1812; also spelled ''Anschel'') was a German-Jewish banker and the founder of the Rothschild banking dynasty. Referred to as a "founding father of international finance", Rothschild w ...

who formed a financial dynasty and, in modern history, perhaps the wealthiest family by the scale of their private fortune. In Denmark, by royal decree of 29 March 1814, all Danish Jews were obliged to adopt a surname after their town of residence. In the records, one family with residence in Roskilde took the name Rothschild, presumably because of the German pronunciation of the town's name. The wife of writer Meïr Aron Goldschmidt, Lea Rothschild (born 1801), was of that family. There are no indications that the Rothschilds of Roskilde had any relation with the other Rothschild families. The name is also carried by others, mostly Ashkenazi Jews, who are not related to members of the banking family.

People outside the banking family

Abram M. Rothschild Abram M. Rothschild or A.M. Rothschild (1853 – July 28, 1902) was an American businessman who founded the A.M. Rothschild Company. Biography Abram M. Rothschild was born to a Jewish family in 1853 in Nordstetten (today a district of Horb a ...

(1863–1902), American businessman * Abraham Rothschild (1853–?), American traveling salesman and murderer of Diamond Bessie. * Alonzo Rothschild (1862–1915) parents unknown, son, John fared well in the travel industry, wrote the book "Honest Abe." *

Amalie Rothschild Amalie Rothschild (1916–2001) was an American artist who lived and worked within the art community of Baltimore, Maryland. An accomplished painter and sculptor, she was also an art teacher, philanthropist, patron, and cultural advocate. Over ...

(1916–2001), American artist *

Bruce Lee Rothschild Bruce Lee Rothschild (born August 26, 1941) is an American mathematician and educator, specializing in combinatorial mathematics. He is a professor emeritus of mathematics at the University of California, Los Angeles. Early life and education Roth ...

(b. 1941), American mathematician *

Daniel Rothschild (philosopher) Daniel Henry Rothschild (born 1979) is an American philosopher and Head of University College London Department of Philosophy. He is known for his expertise on philosophy of language. Rothschild has held various fellowships from the Arts and Hum ...

(b. 1979), American philosopher * Daniel Rothschild (general) (b. 1946), Israeli major general * Dorothy Rothschild, better known as Dorothy Parker (1893–1967), American poet and writer * Eva Rothschild (b. 1972), Irish artist based in London *

Friedrich S. Rothschild Friedrich Salomon Rothschild (December 17, 1899, Giessen – March 6, 1995, Israel) was a German-Jewish psychiatrist and semiotician. He has coined the term biosemiotic in his work of 1962. He worked in Heidelberg (from 1925 to 1928) with psychothe ...

(1899–1995), German-Jewish psychiatrist and semiotician * Geoffrey Rothschild (b. 1947), South African businessman, former Chairman of JSE Limited. * Jean Maurice Rothschild (1902–1998), French furniture designer *

Jeffrey J. Rothschild Jeffrey Jackiel Rothschild (born February 28, 1954) is an American billionaire who co-founded several companies. He is the founding engineer and a large shareholder of Facebook. Despite his name, he is not a member of the Rothschild banking fami ...

(b. 1954), American billionaire entrepreneur and business executive; Vice President of Infrastructure Software for Facebook. * Jonathan Rothschild (b. 1955), American (Arizona) lawyer and politician, mayor of Tucson * Joseph Rothschild (1931–2000), American historian *

Larry Rothschild Lawrence Lee Rothschild (born March 12, 1954) is an American professional baseball pitcher, coach, and manager. Rothschild played for the Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball (MLB) in 1981 and 1982. He has coached for the Cincinnati Reds, A ...

(b. 1954), American Baseball pitcher and manager * Louis F. Rothschild (1869–1957), founder of the defunct L.F. Rothschild merchant and investment banking firm *

Lynn J. Rothschild Lynn Justine Rothschild (born May 11, 1957) is an evolutionary biologist and astrobiologist at NASA's Ames Research Center, and was a consulting Professor at Stanford University, where she taughAstrobiology and Space Exploration She is an adj ...

(b. 1957), American evolutionary biologist and astrobiologist *

Michael Rothschild Michael Rothschild (born August 2, 1942, in Chicago, Illinois, United States) is an American economist; he is visiting professor at the Department of Economics of the University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA) and a former dean at Princeton. ...

(b. 1942), American economist, former dean at Princeton *

Robert Rothschild Baron Robert Rothschild (16 December 1911, in Brussels – 3 December 1998, in London) was a Belgian diplomat. He helped to draft the Treaty of Rome of 1957, the foundation of the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1958. Biography His fa ...

(1911–1978), Belgian diplomat (descendant of Amschel Moses Rothschild) *

Samuel Rothschild Samuel "Sam" Rothschild (October 16, 1899 – April 15, 1987) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 102 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). Rothschild was the first Jewish player in the NHL. He played for the Montrea ...

(1899–1987), Canadian ice hockey player *

Simon F. Rothschild Simon Frank Rothschild (June 14, 1861 – January 5, 1936) was an American merchant and philanthropist who served as president and chairman of the board at Abraham & Straus. Biography Rothschild was born on June 14, 1861, in Eufaula, Alabama, t ...

(1861–1936), American businessman Chair Abraham & Straus * Victor Henry Rothschild (1835–1911), American businessman

People of the banking family

A

* Adèle von Rothschild (1843–1922), German socialite, daughter of Mayer Carl von Rothschild and wife of her 2nd cousin Salomon James de Rothschild * Adelheid von Rothschild (1853–1935), daughter of Wilhelm Carl von Rothschild * Albert Salomon Anselm von Rothschild (1844–1911), Austrian banker, son of Anselm von Rothschild *

Alfred de Rothschild Alfred Charles ''Freiherr'' de Rothschild, CVO (20 July 1842 – 31 January 1918), was the second son of Lionel ''Freiherr'' de Rothschild and Charlotte ''Freifrau'' von Rothschild of the Rothschild family. Education As a young man, Alfred a ...

(1842–1918), English banker, son of Lionel de Rothschild * Alice Charlotte von Rothschild (1847–1922), Austrian socialite, daughter of Anselm von Rothschild *

Aline Caroline de Rothschild Aline Caroline de Rothschild, Lady Sassoon (21 October 1867 – 28 July 1909) was a French socialite and daughter of Cécile Anspach and Baron Gustave de Rothschild of the Rothschild family. She was born in Paris, where her parents had a house ...

(1867–1909), French socialite, daughter of Baron Gustave de Rothschild *

Alphonse James de Rothschild Mayer Alphonse James Rothschild (1 February 1827 – 26 May 1905), was a French financier, vineyard owner, art collector, philanthropist, racehorse owner/breeder and a member of the Rothschild banking family of France. Biography Known as Alp ...

(1827–1905), French businessman and philanthropist, son of James Mayer de Rothschild *

Amschel Mayor James Rothschild Amschel Mayor James Rothschild (18 April 1955 – 8 July 1996) was a British businessman who was the executive chairman of Rothschild Asset Management of the Rothschild banking family of England. Early years and kinships Rothschild was born in ...

(1955–1996), British businessman, son of Victor Rothschild *

Amschel Mayer von Rothschild Amschel is a given name. Notable people with the name include: *Amschel Mayer Rothschild (1773–1855), German Jewish banker of the Rothschild family financial dynasty *Amschel Mayor James Rothschild (1955–1996), youngest child of Victor Rothschi ...

(1773–1855), German banker, son of Mayer Amschel Rothschild *

Amschel Moses Rothschild Amschel Moses Rothschild ( – 6 October 1755) was a German Jewish money changer and trader in silk cloth in the '' Judengasse'', the Jewish ghetto of the Free City of Frankfurt in present-day Germany. His son Mayer Amschel Rothschild became the ...

(c. 1710–1755), German trader, father of Mayer Amschel Rothschild *

Anselm von Rothschild Anselm Salomon von Rothschild, baron (29 January 1803 – 27 July 1874) was an Austrian banker, founder of the Creditanstalt, and a member of the Vienna branch of the Rothschild family. Family He was born in the Imperial City of Frankfurt, the ...

(1803–1874), Austrian banker, son of Salomon Mayer von Rothschild * Anthony Gustav de Rothschild (1887–1961), British banker, son of Leopold de Rothschild *

Anthony James de Rothschild Anthony James de Rothschild (born 30 January 1977) is a British businessman, philanthropist and a member of the Rothschild banking family of England. He is the eldest son of Sir Evelyn Robert de Rothschild (1931-2022) by his second wife, Ameri ...

(b. 1977), British businessman, son of Evelyn Robert de Rothschild * Anthony Nathan de Rothschild (1810–1876), British banker, son of Nathan Mayer Rothschild * Ariane de Rothschild (née Langner 1965), French banker, wife of Benjamin de Rothschild * Arthur de Rothschild (1851–1903), French socialite, son of Nathaniel and Charlotte de Rothschild

B

Béatrice Ephrussi de Rothschild Charlotte Béatrice de Rothschild (; 14 September 1864 – 7 April 1934) was a French socialite, art collector, and a member of the prominent Rothschild banking family of France. Early life Charlotte, known as Béatrice, was born in Paris, ...

(1864–1934), French socialite and art collector, daughter of Alphonse James de Rothschild * Benjamin de Rothschild (1963–2021), Swiss banker, son of Edmond Adolphe de Rothschild *

Bethsabée de Rothschild Baroness Bethsabée de Rothschild (assumed the name Batsheva after she immigrated to Israel in 1951; 23 September 1914 – 20 April 1999) was a philanthropist, dance patron, and member of the Rothschild banking family. Early life and education ...

(1914–1999), Jewish philanthropist, daughter of Édouard Alphonse de Rothschild * Bettina Caroline de Rothschild (1858–1892, French socialite, daughter of

, wife of her cousin Albert Salomon von Rothschild *

Betty von Rothschild Betty von Rothschild, Baronne de Rothschild (15 June 1805 – 1 September 1886) was a noted Salon (gathering), salonnière, patron of the arts and philanthropist. Life Betty von Rothschild was born in Frankfurt to the Jewish Austrian banker Salom ...

, Baronne de Rothschild (1805–1886), French socialite, daughter of Salomon Mayer von Rothschild, wife of her uncle James Mayer de Rothschild

C

Carl Mayer von Rothschild Carl Mayer ''Freiherr'' von Rothschild (24 April 1788 – 10 March 1855) was a German-born banker in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the founder of the Rothschild banking family of Naples. Biography Born Kalman Mayer Rothschild in Frankfur ...

(1788–1855), German banker, son of Mayer Amschel Rothschild * Cécile de Rothschild (1913–1995), French socialite and friend of Greta Garbo, daughter of Robert Philippe de Rothschild *

Charles Rothschild Nathaniel Charles Rothschild (9 May 1877 – 12 October 1923), known as "Charles", was an English banker and entomologist and a member of the Rothschild family. He is remembered for The Rothschild List, a list he made in 1915 of 284 sites acros ...

(1877–1923), English banker and

entomologist Entomology () is the scientific study of insects, a branch of zoology. In the past the term "insect" was less specific, and historically the definition of entomology would also include the study of animals in other arthropod groups, such as arach ...

, son of Nathan, 1st Baron Rothschild * Charlotte de Rothschild (1825–1899), French socialite and painter, daughter of James Mayer de Rothschild, wife of her cousin Nathaniel de Rothschild *

Charlotte von Rothschild ''Freifrau'' Charlotte von Rothschild (13 June 1819 – 13 March 1884) was a Germany, German-born United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, British socialite. She was a member of the Rothschild banking family of Naples. Family Rothschild w ...

(1819–1884), British socialite, daughter of Carl Mayer von Rothschild, wife of her first cousin Lionel de Rothschild * Charlotte Henriette de Rothschild (b. 1955), British singer, daughter of Edmund Leopold de Rothschild * Charlotte Nathan Rothschild (1807–1859), British socialite, daughter of

Nathan Mayer Rothschild Nathan Mayer Rothschild (16 September 1777 – 28 July 1836) was an English-German banker, businessman and financier. Born in Frankfurt am Main in Germany, he was the third of the five sons of Gutle (Schnapper) and Mayer Amschel Rothschild, an ...

, wife of her first cousin Anselm von Rothschild

D

David Mayer de Rothschild David Mayer de Rothschild (born 25 August 1978) is a British adventurer, ecologist, and environmentalist.7 February 2009 The Sunday Times Magazine Early life He is a member of the Rothschild family, the youngest of three children of Victoria ...

(b. 1978), British adventurer, ecologist, and environmentalist, son of Evelyn Robert de Rothschild *

David René de Rothschild Baron David René James de Rothschild (; born December 15, 1942) is a French banker and a member of the French branch of the Rothschild family. Since 2018, he is supervisory board chairman of Rothschild & Co and chairman of Rothschild Continuat ...

(b. 1942), French banker, son of Guy de Rothschild * Dorothy de Rothschild (née Pinto 1895–1988), English philanthropist, wife of James Armand de Rothschild

E

* Edmond Adolphe de Rothschild (1926–1997), French-Swiss banker * Edmond James de Rothschild (1845–1934), French banker, son of James Mayer de Rothschild * Edmund Leopold de Rothschild (1916–2009), British banker, son of Lionel Nathan de Rothschild *

Édouard de Rothschild Édouard Étienne Alphonse de Rothschild (; born 27 December 1957) is a businessman and part of the French branch of the Rothschild family. Early life and education Édouard de Rothschild was born in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine. He is the s ...

(b. 1957), French businessman and equestrian, son of Guy de Rothschild * Edouard Alphonse de Rothschild (1868–1949), French financier, son of Alphonse James de Rothschild *

Élie de Rothschild Élie Robert de Rothschild (29 May 1917 – 6 August 2007) was the guardian of the French branch of the Rothschild family banking dynasty. He followed his father as a partner in the family bank, de Rothschild Frères, and ran the Château Lafite ...

(1917–2007), French banker, son of Robert Philippe de Rothschild *

Elisabeth de Rothschild Elizabeth or Elisabeth may refer to: People * Elizabeth (given name), a female given name (including people with that name) * Elizabeth (biblical figure), mother of John the Baptist Ships * HMS ''Elizabeth'', several ships * ''Elisabeth'' (sc ...

(née de Chambure 1902–1945), French vintner, wife of Philippe de Rothschild *

Emma Georgina Rothschild Emma Georgina Rothschild (born 16 May 1948) is a British economic historian, a professor of history at Harvard University. She is director of the Joint Centre for History and Economics at Harvard, and an honorary Professor of History and Economi ...

(b. 1948), British historian and professor, daughter of Victor Rothschild *

Evelina de Rothschild Evelina Gertrude de Rothschild (25 August 1839 – 4 December 1866) was an English socialite and a member of the Rothschild banking family of England. Biography Evelina de Rothschild was the daughter of Baron Lionel de Rothschild (1808–1879), t ...

(1839–1866), English socialite, daughter of Lionel de Rothschild, wife of her 2nd cousin Ferdinand James von Rothschild *

Evelyn Achille de Rothschild Evelyn Achille de Rothschild (6 January 1886 – 17 November 1917) was a British banker and soldier. Born in London, England, he was the second of three sons of Leopold de Rothschild (1845–1917) and Marie Perugia (1862–1937) and a part o ...

(1886–1917), British banker, son of Leopold de Rothschild * Evelyn Robert de Rothschild (b. 1931), British financier, son of Anthony Gustav de Rothschild

F

* Ferdinand James von Rothschild (1839–1898), British politician and art collector, son of Anselm von Rothschild

G

* Guy de Rothschild (1909–2007), French banker, son of Édouard Alphonse de Rothschild

H

Hannah Mary Rothschild Hannah Mary Rothschild (born 22 May 1962) is a British author, businesswoman, philanthropist and documentary filmmaker. In addition to screenplays and journalism, she has published a biography and two novels. She serves on charitable and finan ...

(b. 1962), British writer, businesswoman, philanthropist and documentary filmmaker. Daughter of Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild * Hannah de Rothschild, Countess of Rosebery (1851–1890), British philanthropist, daughter of Mayer Amschel de Rothschild * Hélène de Rothschild, better known as Hélène van Zuylen (1863–1947), French socialite and author, daughter of Salomon James de Rothschild

J

Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild Nathaniel Charles Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild, (born 29 April 1936) is a British peer, investment banker and a member of the Rothschild banking family. Now mostly retired, he has held many important roles in business, finance an ...

(b. 1936), British banker, son of Victor Rothschild * Jacqueline de Rothschild (1911–2012), French-born American chess and tennis player, daughter of Édouard Alphonse de Rothschild * James Armand de Rothschild (1878–1957), British politician and philanthropist, son of son of Edmond James de Rothschild * James Mayer de Rothschild (born Jakob Rothschild 1792–1868), German-French banker, son of Mayer Amschel Rothschild *

Jeanne de Rothschild Jeanne Stuart (13 August 1908 – 12 February 2003), born Ivy Sweet, was a British stage and film actress. Using the stage name Jeanne Stuart, she performed on the London stage, on Broadway, and in motion pictures. She made her motion pictu ...

, née Stuart (1908–2003), British actress, wife of Baron Eugène Daniel von Rothschild

L

* Leonora de Rothschild (1837–1911), British socialite, daughter of Lionel de Rothschild, wife of Alphonse James de Rothschild * Leopold de Rothschild (1845–1917), British banker and horse breeder, son of Lionel de Rothschild * Leopold David de Rothschild (1927–2012), British financier and musician, son of Lionel Nathan de Rothschild * Lionel de Rothschild (1808–1879), British banker and politician, son of Nathan Mayer Rothschild * Lionel Nathan de Rothschild (1882–1942), British banker and politician, son of Leopold de Rothschild *

Louis Nathaniel de Rothschild Louis Nathaniel, Baron de Rothschild (german: Ludwig Nathaniel, Freiherr von Rothschild) was an Austrian baron from the famous Rothschild family. He was born in Vienna on 5 March 1882 and died of heart failure while swimming in Montego Bay, Jam ...

(1882–1955), Austrian baron, son of Albert Salomon von Rothschild *

Lynn Forester de Rothschild Lynn Forester, Lady de Rothschild (born July 2, 1954) is an American-British billionaire businesswoman who is the chief executive officer of E.L. Rothschild, a holding company she owns (previoulsy together with her third husband, Sir Evelyn Robe ...

(née Forester, b. 1954), American businesswoman, wife of Evelyn Robert de Rothschild

M

Marie-Hélène de Rothschild Marie-Hélène Naila Stephanie Josina de Rothschild (; November 17, 1927 – March 1, 1996) was a French socialite who became a doyenne of Parisian high-society and was a member of the prominent Rothschild banking family of France. Early life ...

(1927–1996), French socialite, granddaughter of Hélène de Rothschild and wife of Guy de Rothschild *

Mathilde Hannah von Rothschild Hannah Mathilde von Rothschild (5 March 1832 – 8 March 1924) was a German-Jewish baroness, composer and patron. Life and career Mathilde von Rothschild was born in Frankfurt, the second oldest daughter of Charlotte and Anselm von Rothschild, ...

(1832–1924), German baroness and composer, daughter of Anselm von Rothschild, wife of her 2nd cousin Wilhelm Carl von Rothschild *

(1744–1812), German banker and founder of the Rothschild banking dynasty * Mayer Amschel de Rothschild (1818–1874), British politician, son of Nathan Mayer Rothschild * Miriam Rothschild (1908–2005), British naturalist and author, daughter of Charles Rothschild

N

* Nadine de Rothschild (née Lhopitalier 1932), French author and actress, wife of Edmond Adolphe de Rothschild *

(1777–1836), Jewish banker, son of Mayer Amschel Rothschild * Nathan Mayer Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild(1840–1915), British banker and politician, son of Lionel de Rothschild *

Nathaniel de Rothschild Nathaniel de Rothschild (1812–1870), was a businessman, banker and winemaker. He established the Château Mouton Rothschild. Biography Early life Nathaniel de Rothschild was born on 2 July 1812 in London. He was the fourth child of Nathan ...

(1812–1870), French banker, businessman, and wine maker, son of Nathan Mayer Rothschild *

Nathaniel Anselm von Rothschild Nathaniel Meyer von Rothschild (26 October 1836 – 16 June 1905) was a member of the Rothschild banking family of Austria, known as art collector and patron. Life Born in Vienna, he was the fifth child and first son of Anselm von Rothschild (180 ...

(1836–1905), Austrian socialite, son of Anselm von Rothschild *

Nathaniel Philip Rothschild , nickname = {{Plainlist, * Nat * Nate , footnotes = Nathaniel is an English variant of the biblical Greek name Nathanael. People with the name Nathaniel * Nathaniel Archibald (1952–2018), American basketball player * Nate A ...

(b. 1971), a British financier, son of Jacob, 4th Baron Rothschild * Pannonica "Nica" Rothschild (1913–1988), jazz patroness and writer, daughter of Charles Rothschild

P

* Pauline de Rothschild (née Potter, 1908–1976), French writer and fashion designer, wife of Philippe de Rothschild *

Philippe de Rothschild Philippe, Baron de Rothschild (13 April 1902 – 20 January 1988) was a member of the Rothschild banking dynasty who became a Grand Prix motor racing driver, a screenwriter and playwright, a theatrical producer, a film producer, a poet, and one ...

(1902–1988), French race car driver, screenwriter, producer, and wine grower, son of Henri de Rothschild * Philippine de Rothschild (1933–2014), French actress and wine grower, daughter of Philippe de Rothschild

S

Salomon James de Rothschild Salomon James de Rothschild (1835–1864) was a French banker and socialite. Biography Early life Salomon James de Rothschild was born on 30 March 1835. His father was James Mayer de Rothschild, head of the Paris branch of the prominent Rothsch ...

(1835–1864), son of James Mayer de Rothschild * Salomon Mayer von Rothschild (1774–1855), German banker, son of Mayer Amschel Rothschild *

Serena Dunn Rothschild Serena Mary Rothschild, Baroness Rothschild (''née'' Dunn; 28 April 1935 – 13 January 2019) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse owner and the wife of Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild. Early life Rothschild was the daughter of Si ...

(née Dunn, b. 1935), wife of Jacob, 4th Baron Rothschild

V

* Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild (1910–1990), a British biologist and cricketer, son of Charles Rothschild

W

* Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild (1868–1937), British banker, politician, and zoologist, son of Nathan, 1st Baron Rothschild * Wilhelm Carl von Rothschild (1828–1901), German banker, son of Carl Mayer von Rothschild

Fictional characters

* Winston Rothschild, III (fictional character from ''The Red Green Show'')

References

Bibliography

*Hanks, Patrick ''Dictionary of American Family Names'' Oxford University Press {{Surname ! Jewish surnames Yiddish-language surnames ru:Ротшильды