Rose Grunapfel Meth (November 10, 1925 – October 12, 2013) born as Ruzia Grunapfel, also known as Reisel Grunapfel Meth, was a surviving participant in the October 7, 1944 " Sonderkommando uprising" of inmates in the

Auschwitz-Birkenau Auschwitz concentration camp ( (); also or ) was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) during World War II and the Holocaust. It con ...

Life

Auschwitz Uprising

Ruzia Grunapfel was born in Zator, Poland. She was sent to Auschwitz in the 1940s where she was forced to work in the Weichsel-Union-Metalwerke or Union Munitions Plant. Ruzia, along with a number of prisoners including Estusia (Ester) Wajcblum, Hanka (Anna) Wajcblum, Regina Safirsztajn, Ala Gertner, Hadassa Zlotnicka, Marta Bindiger, Genia Fischer, and Inge Frank, worked together to sneak the powder out in kerchiefs stuffed into a pocket or their bosom. If searched, they would dump the powder onto the ground and rub it into the earth with their feet. The woman gave the gunpowder to Roza Robota, a prisoner who worked clothing-detail in Birkenau. Robota then gave the gunpowder to the

Sonderkommando ''Sonderkommandos'' (, ''special unit'') were work units made up of German Nazi death camp prisoners. They were composed of prisoners, usually Jews, who were forced, on threat of their own deaths, to aid with the disposal of gas chamber vict ...

, a group of death camp prisoners who were forced to dispose of gas chamber victims in the crematoriums. On October 7, 1944, the Sonderkommandos used the gunpowder to blow up crematorium IV in

Birkenau Auschwitz concentration camp ( (); also or ) was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) during World War II and the Holocaust. It con ...

. Ala, Roza, Ester, and Regina were detained and tortured for their role in the plot. The women were publicly hanging in Birkenau on January 5, 1945. Ruzia survived and was forced to watch the executions. Hanka (Anna) Wajcblum also survived. The fate of the other female prisoners mentioned is unknown. Thirteen days after they died, Auschwitz was closed down by the SS, as they fled from the advance of Russian liberators. While in the camp, she traded bread for paper so that she could write notes while in Auschwitz, in order to bear witness later, heeding her father's admonition to remember what happened. Some of the surviving notes are in the archives at Yad Vashem.

Post World War II

Grunapfel arrived in the US in 1946 aboard the first civilian ship from Europe since the end of World War II. Subsequently, she settled in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, New York, married Irving Meth, and raised three sons. She spent the last ten years of her life in Kew Gardens Hills, New York. She died in October 2013. In 2016 her children and grandchildren dedicated a song in her memory, "Rose Meth, The Unsung Heroine".

References

External links

Bio and testimony of Rose MethRose G. Meth cited in testimony of Anna HeilmanOral history interview with Rose Meth, United States Holocaust Museum
1925 births 2013 deaths 20th-century Polish Jews Polish people of World War II Women in World War II Auschwitz concentration camp survivors Polish emigrants to the United States People from Oświęcim County {{Poland-bio-stub