Rose O'Neal Greenhow (1813
– October 1, 1864) was a renowned
Confederate spy during the
American Civil War
The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by states th ...
. A
socialite
A socialite is a person from a wealthy and (possibly) aristocratic background, who is prominent in high society. A socialite generally spends a significant amount of time attending various fashionable social gatherings, instead of having traditio ...
in
Washington, D.C.
)
, image_skyline =
, image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...
, during the period before the war, she moved in important political circles and cultivated friendships with presidents, generals, senators, and high-ranking military officers including
John C. Calhoun and
James Buchanan
James Buchanan Jr. ( ; April 23, 1791June 1, 1868) was an American lawyer, diplomat and politician who served as the 15th president of the United States from 1857 to 1861. He previously served as secretary of state from 1845 to 1849 and repr ...
.
She used her connections to pass along key military information to the
Confederacy at the start of the war. In early 1861, she was given control of a pro-Southern spy network in Washington, D.C., by her handler,
Thomas Jordan, then a captain in the Confederate Army. She was credited by
Jefferson Davis
Jefferson F. Davis (June 3, 1808December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as the president of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1865. He represented Mississippi in the United States Senate and the House of Representatives as a ...
, the Confederate president, with ensuring the South's victory at the
First Battle of Bull Run
The First Battle of Bull Run (the name used by Union forces), also known as the Battle of First Manassas in late July 1861.
The government found that information was being leaked and the trail led to Rose Greenhow's residence. Greenhow was subject to house arrest; found to have continued her activities, in 1862 after an espionage hearing, she, with her daughter "Little Rose", was imprisoned for nearly five months in Washington, D.C. Deported to the Confederacy, she traveled to
Richmond, Virginia
(Thus do we reach the stars)
, image_map =
, mapsize = 250 px
, map_caption = Location within Virginia
, pushpin_map = Virginia#USA
, pushpin_label = Richmond
, pushpin_m ...
, and began new tasks. Running the blockade, she sailed to Europe to represent the Confederacy on a
diplomatic mission
A diplomatic mission or foreign mission is a group of people from a state or organization present in another state to represent the sending state or organization officially in the receiving or host state. In practice, the phrase usually deno ...
to France and Britain from 1863 to 1864. In 1863, she also wrote and published her memoir in London, which was popular in Britain. After her returning ship ran aground in 1864 off the coast of
Wilmington, North Carolina
Wilmington is a port city in and the county seat of New Hanover County in coastal southeastern North Carolina, United States.
With a population of 115,451 at the 2020 census, it is the eighth most populous city in the state. Wilmington is the ...
, she drowned when her rowboat overturned as she tried to escape a Union gunboat. She was honored with a Confederate military funeral.
In 1993, the women's auxiliary of the
Sons of Confederate Veterans
The Sons of Confederate Veterans (SCV) is an American neo-Confederate nonprofit organization of male descendants of Confederate soldiers that commemorates these ancestors, funds and dedicates monuments to them, and promotes the pseudohis ...
changed its name to the
Order of the Confederate Rose
The Sons of Confederate Veterans (SCV) is an American neo-Confederate nonprofit organization of male descendants of Confederate soldiers that commemorates these ancestors, funds and dedicates monuments to them, and promotes the pseudohistor ...
in Greenhow's honor, following publicity about her exploits in a TV movie the previous year.
Early life
![Mary Greenhow Lee](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Mary_Greenhow_Lee.jpg)
She was born in 1813 as Maria Rosetta O'Neale on a small plantation in
Montgomery County, Maryland
Montgomery County is the most populous county in the state of Maryland. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 1,062,061, increasing by 9.3% from 2010. The county seat and largest municipality is Rockville, although the census-design ...
, northwest of Washington, D.C.
[Blackman, Ann. ''Wild Rose: The True Story of a Civil War Spy''](_blank)
New York: Random House Digital, 2006, p. 58. Note: Blackman notes her parents were married in 1810 and had five children by 1817. (Note: The biographical note on Greenhow at the National Archives and Record Administration, which holds a collection of her papers, says that O'Neal was born in 1817 in
Port Tobacco, Maryland
Port Tobacco, officially Port Tobacco Village, is a town in Charles County, in southern Maryland, United States. The population was 13 at the 2010 census, making Port Tobacco the smallest incorporated town in Maryland.
Overview
This was historical ...
, but it is unclear what the documentation is for this.)
She was the third of five daughters of John O'Neale, a
planter and slaveholder, and his wife Eliza Henrietta Hamilton, who were
Catholic
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
.
Called Rose as a child, O'Neal was the third born and close to her next older sister, Ellen (Mary Eleanor)
and the final "e" was dropped off the family name in Rose's early childhood.
[Ross, Ishbel, ''Rebel Rose: Life of Rose O'Neal Greenhow, Confederate Spy''. 1954, p. 3] Their father died in 1817,
murdered by his black valet. His widow, Eliza O'Neal, had four daughters to support and a cash-poor farm.
After being orphaned as children, Greenhow and her sister Ellen were invited to live with their aunt in Washington, D.C., around the year 1830. Their aunt, Mrs. Maria Ann Hill, ran a stylish
boarding house at the Old Capitol Building (later the
Old Capitol Prison
The Old Brick Capitol in Washington, D.C., served as the temporary Capitol of the United States from 1815 to 1819. The building was a private school, a boarding house, and, during the American Civil War, a prison known as the Old Capitol Priso ...
) and the girls met many important figures in the Washington area. Her olive skin "delicately flushed with color" earned her the nickname "Wild Rose."
In the 1830s, she met Robert Greenhow Jr., a prominent doctor, lawyer, and linguist
from Virginia.
Their courtship was well received by Washington society, including famed society matron
Dolley Madison
Dolley Todd Madison (née Payne; May 20, 1768 – July 12, 1849) was the wife of James Madison, the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817. She was noted for holding Washington social functions in which she invited members of bo ...
. In 1833, Greenhow's sister Ellen O'Neal married Dolley's nephew James Madison Cutts. In 1856, their daughter
Adele Cutts
Adele Laurie Blue Adkins (, ; born 5 May 1988), professionally known by the mononym Adele, is an English singer and songwriter. After graduating in arts from the BRIT School in 2006, Adele signed a reco ...
married the widower
Stephen A. Douglas
Stephen Arnold Douglas (April 23, 1813 – June 3, 1861) was an American politician and lawyer from Illinois. A senator, he was one of two nominees of the badly split Democratic Party for president in the 1860 presidential election, which wa ...
, the senator from Illinois.
[Clinton, Anita Watkins. "Stephen Arnold Douglas – His Mississippi Experience," ''Journal of Mississippi History'' 1988 50(2): 56-88]
Marriage and family
In 1835, Rose married Dr. Robert Greenhow Jr. with Dolley's blessing, and by the 1850s had long been an established socialite in the capital.
Robert Greenhow worked at the U.S.
Department of State
The United States Department of State (DOS), or State Department, is an executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy and relations. Equivalent to the ministry of foreign affairs of other nati ...
. Robert's step-sister,
Mary Greenhow Lee
Mary Greenhow Lee (September 9, 1819–May 25, 1907) was an American diarist from Virginia. During the Civil War, Lee was a Confederate activist who kept a journal of events occurring in Winchester. According to the Virginia Department of Hi ...
, would visit him and Greenhow and the two women became close friends.
The Greenhows had four daughters: Florence, Gertrude, Leila, and Rose.
Their youngest child was named Rose O'Neal Greenhow (her middle name being her mother's maiden), and was nicknamed "Little Rose". In 1871, Little Rose married Army officer
William P. Duvall
William P. Duvall (January 13, 1847 – March 1, 1920) was a career officer in the United States Army. A veteran of the Spanish–American War and Philippine–American War, he served from 1869 to 1911, commanded units including the Philippine D ...
.
They were the parents of two children, son William (died 1874) and daughter Lee, who later took the name Mary and was the wife of Louis Eugene Marié. The Duvalls divorced in 1899.
Robert's work with the State Department prompted the family to move with him to Mexico City in 1850 and then to
San Francisco, California
San Francisco (; Spanish for " Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the fourth most populous in California and 17th ...
. In 1852, Greenhow returned East with her children, a journey of months, giving birth to her last daughter in 1853. Her husband died in an accident in San Francisco in 1854. Being a widow did not disrupt Greenhow's popularity in the capital.
A short time later, their oldest child Florence married Seymour Treadwell Moore, a
West Point
The United States Military Academy (USMA), also known Metonymy, metonymically as West Point or simply as Army, is a United States service academies, United States service academy in West Point, New York. It was originally established as a f ...
graduate, career army officer, and
Mexican War veteran. The couple moved west to
Ohio
Ohio () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Of the fifty U.S. states, it is the 34th-largest by area, and with a population of nearly 11.8 million, is the seventh-most populous and tenth-most densely populated. The sta ...
.
Confederate spy
After losing her husband, Greenhow became more sympathetic to the Confederate cause. Greenhow was an advocate for secession and "preserving the Southern way of life," including slavery.
She was strongly influenced by her friendship with U.S. Senator
John C. Calhoun from South Carolina. Greenhow's loyalty to the Confederacy was noted by those with similar sympathies in Washington, and she was recruited as a spy. Her recruiter was U.S. Army captain
Thomas Jordan, who had set up a pro-Southern spy network in Washington.
He supplied her with a 26-symbol cipher for encoding messages.
["Greenhow, Rose O'Neal"](_blank)
(1817-1864), ''The National Archives – People Description''. 1817-1864, (accessed February 5, 2013)
After passing control of the espionage network to Greenhow, Jordan left the US Army, went South, and was commissioned as a captain in the Confederate Army.
He continued to receive and evaluate her reports. Jordan appeared to be Greenhow's handler for the
Confederate Secret Service
The Confederate Secret Service refers to any of a number of official and semi-official secret service organizations and operations conducted by the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. Some of the organizations were under ...
during its formative phase.
On July 9 and July 16 of 1861, Greenhow passed secret messages to Confederate General
P. G. T. Beauregard containing critical information regarding Union military movements for what would be the
First Battle of Bull Run
The First Battle of Bull Run (the name used by Union forces), also known as the Battle of First Manassas , including the plans of General
Irvin McDowell
Irvin McDowell (October 15, 1818 – May 4, 1885) was a career American army officer. He is best known for his defeat in the First Battle of Bull Run, the first large-scale battle of the American Civil War. In 1862, he was given command o ...
. Assisting in her conspiracy were pro-Confederate members of Congress, Union officers, courier
Betty Duvall
Elizabeth Duvall Webb (c. 1845 – July 3, 1891) was a Confederate spy during the American Civil War.
Biography
Elizabeth Duvall was from Washington, D.C. She was the daughter of Eli Duvall Sr. and Sarah (née Thompson) Duvall. She was descende ...
, and her dentist,
Aaron Van Camp, as well as his son who was also a Confederate soldier,
Eugene B. Van Camp.
Confederate President
The president of the Confederate States was the head of state and head of government of the Confederate States. The president was the chief executive of the federal government and was the commander-in-chief of the Confederate Army and the Confe ...
Jefferson Davis
Jefferson F. Davis (June 3, 1808December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as the president of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1865. He represented Mississippi in the United States Senate and the House of Representatives as a ...
credited Greenhow's information with the Confederates securing victory at Manassas over the
Union Army
During the American Civil War, the Union Army, also known as the Federal Army and the Northern Army, referring to the United States Army, was the land force that fought to preserve the Union (American Civil War), Union of the collective U.S. st ...
on July 21.
After the battle she received the following telegram from Jordan: "Our President and our General direct me to thank you. We rely upon you for further information. The Confederacy owes you a debt". (Signed)
JORDAN
Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan Rive ...
, Adjutant-General."
[Greenhow (1863), ''My Imprisonment'', p. 18] She became known as "Rebel Rose" for her work for the South.
Capture and prison
![Capitolprison1](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Capitolprison1.gif)
Knowing she was suspected of spying for the Confederacy, Greenhow feared for her remaining daughters' safety. Leila was sent to Ohio to join her older sister Florence Greenhow Moore, whose husband Seymour Treadwell Moore had become a captain in the Union Army. (He was breveted a brigadier general in May 1865 for his services and achieved a rank of lieutenant colonel after the war in his army career.) Only Little Rose stayed with Greenhow in Washington.
Allan Pinkerton
Allan J. Pinkerton (August 25, 1819 – July 1, 1884) was a Scottish cooper, abolitionist, detective, and spy, best known for creating the Pinkerton National Detective Agency in the United States and his claim to have foiled a plot in 1861 to a ...
was made head of the recently formed
Secret Service
A secret service is a government agency, intelligence agency, or the activities of a government agency, concerned with the gathering of intelligence data. The tasks and powers of a secret service can vary greatly from one country to another. For ...
and one of his first orders was to watch Greenhow, because of her wide circle of contacts on both sides of the sectional split. Due to the activities of visitors, he arrested Greenhow and placed her under
house arrest
In justice and law, house arrest (also called home confinement, home detention, or, in modern times, electronic monitoring) is a measure by which a person is confined by the authorities to their residence. Travel is usually restricted, if all ...
at her 16th Street residence on August 23, 1861, along with one of her couriers,
Lily Mackall
Lily Mackall (sometimes, Lillie Mackall) (c. 1839 – December 12, 1861) was a messenger for Rose Greenhow, a Confederate spy during the American Civil War. Arrested with Greenhow, they were held under house arrest, although Mackall was allowed t ...
.
His agents traced other leaked information to Greenhow's home. While searching her house, Pinkerton and his men found extensive intelligence materials left from evidence she tried to burn, including scraps of coded messages, copies of what amounted to eight reports to Jordan over a month's time, and maps of Washington fortifications and notes on military movements.
The materials included numerous love letters supposedly from the
abolitionist
Abolitionism, or the abolitionist movement, is the movement to end slavery. In Western Europe and the Americas, abolitionism was a historic movement that sought to end the Atlantic slave trade and liberate the enslaved people.
The British ...
Republican US Senator
Henry Wilson
Henry Wilson (born Jeremiah Jones Colbath; February 16, 1812 – November 22, 1875) was an American politician who was the 18th vice president of the United States from 1873 until his death in 1875 and a senator from Massachusetts from 1855 to ...
from Massachusetts. She considered him her prize source, and claimed he gave her data on the "number of heavy guns and other artillery in the Washington defenses," but he likely knew far more from his work on the Military Affairs Committee. The seized Greenhow papers are now held by the
National Archives and Records Administration
The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an " independent federal agency of the United States government within the executive branch", charged with the preservation and documentation of government and historical records. It i ...
, with some available on line. Contemporary biographers of Wilson have regarded the letters as likely not sent by Wilson as his handwriting and signature do not match those in the letters.
Pinkerton supervised visitors to Greenhow's house and moved other suspected Southern sympathizers into it, giving rise to the nickname Fort Greenhow. He was pleased to oversee the visitors and messages, as it gave him more control of the Southern flow of information. While messages continued to be sent to Jordan, he discounted them after Pinkerton mounted his control. When a letter from Greenhow to Seward complained of her treatment was publicized, there was Northern criticism for what was perceived as too lenient treatment of a spy. Pinkerton transferred Greenhow on January 18, 1862, to
Old Capitol Prison
The Old Brick Capitol in Washington, D.C., served as the temporary Capitol of the United States from 1815 to 1819. The building was a private school, a boarding house, and, during the American Civil War, a prison known as the Old Capitol Priso ...
, shutting down Fort Greenhow. So many political prisoners were detained that a two-man commission was set up to review their cases at what were called espionage hearings. Greenhow was never subjected to trial.
Her youngest daughter, "Little Rose", then eight years old, was permitted to stay with her.
Greenhow continued to pass along messages while imprisoned.
Passers-by could see Rose's window from the street. Historians believe that the position of the blinds and number of candles burning in the window had special meaning to the "little birdies" passing by. Another account lists her prison room facing the prison yard "so that she could not see or be seen" and "every effort was made to keep Mrs. Greenhow away from the windows." Greenhow also on one occasion flew the
Confederate Flag
The flags of the Confederate States of America have a history of three successive designs during the American Civil War. The flags were known as the "Stars and Bars", used from 1861 to 1863; the "Stainless Banner", used from 1863 to 1865; and ...
from her prison window.
International acclaim
On May 31, 1862, Greenhow was released without trial (with her daughter), on condition she stay within Confederate boundaries. After they were escorted to
Fortress Monroe
Fort Monroe, managed by partnership between the Fort Monroe Authority for the Commonwealth of Virginia, the National Park Service as the Fort Monroe National Monument, and the City of Hampton, is a former military installation in Hampton, Virg ...
at Hampton Roads, she and her daughter went on to
Richmond, Virginia
(Thus do we reach the stars)
, image_map =
, mapsize = 250 px
, map_caption = Location within Virginia
, pushpin_map = Virginia#USA
, pushpin_label = Richmond
, pushpin_m ...
, where Greenhow was hailed by Southerners as a heroine.
President Jefferson Davis welcomed her return and enlisted her as a courier to Europe. Greenhow ran the blockade and, from 1863 to 1864, traveled through
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
and
Britain
Britain most often refers to:
* The United Kingdom, a sovereign state in Europe comprising the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands
* Great Britain, the largest island in the United King ...
on a
diplomatic mission
A diplomatic mission or foreign mission is a group of people from a state or organization present in another state to represent the sending state or organization officially in the receiving or host state. In practice, the phrase usually deno ...
building support for the Confederacy with the aristocrats.
Many European aristocrats had sympathy for the South's elite; there were also strong commercial ties between Britain and the South. While in France, Greenhow was received in the court of
Napoleon III
Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was the first President of France (as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte) from 1848 to 1852 and the last monarch of France as Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870. A nephew ...
at the
Tuileries
The Tuileries Palace (french: Palais des Tuileries, ) was a royal and imperial palace in Paris which stood on the right bank of the River Seine, directly in front of the Louvre. It was the usual Parisian residence of most French monarchs, from ...
. In Britain, she had an audience with
Queen Victoria
Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until Death and state funeral of Queen Victoria, her death in 1901. Her reign of 63 years and 21 ...
. Greenhow met, and in 1864 became engaged to,
Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville
Granville George Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville, (11 May 181531 March 1891), styled Lord Leveson until 1846, was a British Liberal statesman and diplomat from the Leveson-Gower family. He is best remembered for his service as Secretary ...
.
The details of her mission to Europe are recorded in her personal diaries, dated August 5, 1863, to August 10, 1864, when she wrote, "A sad sick feeling crept over me, of parting perhaps forever, from many dear to me...A few months before I had landed a stranger--I will not say in a foreign land--for it was the land of my ancestors--and many memories twined around my heart when my feet touched the shores of Merry England--but I was literally a stranger in the land of my fathers and a feeling of cold isolation was upon me."
Two months after arriving in
London
London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...
, Greenhow wrote her
memoir
A memoir (; , ) is any nonfiction narrative writing based in the author's personal memories. The assertions made in the work are thus understood to be factual. While memoir has historically been defined as a subcategory of biography or autobi ...
, titled ''My Imprisonment and the First Year of Abolition Rule at Washington.'' She published it that year in London and it sold well throughout Britain.
[Greenhow, Rose O'Neal]
''My Imprisonment and the First Year of Abolition Rule at Washington''
London: Richard Bentley, 1863, full text online at ''Documenting the American South'', University of North Carolina
Death
On August 19, 1864, Greenhow left Europe to return to the Confederacy, carrying dispatches. She traveled on the ''Condor,'' a British
blockade runner
A blockade runner is a merchant vessel used for evading a naval blockade of a port or strait. It is usually light and fast, using stealth and speed rather than confronting the blockaders in order to break the blockade. Blockade runners usuall ...
. On October 1, 1864, the ''Condor'' ran aground at the mouth of the
Cape Fear River
The Cape Fear River is a long blackwater river in east central North Carolina. It flows into the Atlantic Ocean near Cape Fear, from which it takes its name. The river is formed at the confluence of the Haw River and the Deep River (North Carol ...
near
Wilmington, North Carolina
Wilmington is a port city in and the county seat of New Hanover County in coastal southeastern North Carolina, United States.
With a population of 115,451 at the 2020 census, it is the eighth most populous city in the state. Wilmington is the ...
, while being pursued by the Union
gunboat
A gunboat is a naval watercraft designed for the express purpose of carrying one or more guns to bombard coastal targets, as opposed to those military craft designed for naval warfare, or for ferrying troops or supplies.
History Pre-steam ...
USS ''Niphon''. Fearing capture and reimprisonment, Greenhow fled the grounded ship by
rowboat. A wave capsized the rowboat, and Greenhow drowned. She was weighed down by $2,000 worth of gold sewn into her underclothes and hung around her neck, returns from her memoir
royalties
A royalty payment is a payment made by one party to another that owns a particular asset, for the right to ongoing use of that asset. Royalties are typically agreed upon as a percentage of gross or net revenues derived from the use of an asset o ...
.
When Greenhow's body was recovered from the water near Wilmington, searchers found a small notebook and a copy of her book ''Imprisonment'' hidden on her. Inside the book was a note meant for her daughter, Little Rose. She was honored with a military funeral at
St. Thomas the Apostle Catholic Church in Wilmington, North Carolina,
and the
Ladies Memorial Association
A Ladies' Memorial Association (LMA) is a type of organization for women that sprang up all over the American South in the years after the American Civil War. Typically, these were organizations by and for women, whose goal was to raise monument ...
, in 1888, marked her grave in
Oakdale Cemetery with a cross that read "Mrs. Rose O'Neal Greenhow. A Bearer of Dispatches to the Confederate Government."
Legacy
*Since the mid-20th century, two biographies have been published about Greenhow.
*Greenhow was a featured character played by
Nina Foch
Nina Foch ( ; born Nina Consuelo Maud Fock; April 20, 1924 – December 5, 2008) was a Dutch-born American actress who later became an instructor. Her career spanned six decades, consisting of over 50 feature films and over 100 television appea ...
in an episode of the 1961 NBC TV series ''
The Americans
''The Americans'' is an American historical drama, period spy fiction, spy drama television series created by Joe Weisberg that aired on the FX (TV channel), FX television network for six seasons from January 30, 2013, to May 30, 2018. Weisberg ...
'', ''The Rebellious Rose''.
*Greenhow's exploits were dramatized in the 1990 television film ''
The Rose and the Jackal
''The Rose and the Jackal'' is a 1990 American made-for-television Western adventure film produced by TNT starring Christopher Reeve and Madolyn Smith. The plot revolves around Union agent Allan Pinkerton, played by Reeve, falling in love with f ...
,'' in which she was played by
Madolyn Smith.
*Greenhow was a featured character played by Sue-Ann Leeds in the 1993 television drama ''
Class of '61
''Class of '61'' is a 1993 American war drama television film produced by Steven Spielberg as a projected television series about the American Civil War. It focused on men who were classmates at West Point and separated by the war between the No ...
''.
* In 1993, the women's auxiliary of the
Sons of Confederate Veterans
The Sons of Confederate Veterans (SCV) is an American neo-Confederate nonprofit organization of male descendants of Confederate soldiers that commemorates these ancestors, funds and dedicates monuments to them, and promotes the pseudohis ...
changed its name to the
Order of the Confederate Rose
The Sons of Confederate Veterans (SCV) is an American neo-Confederate nonprofit organization of male descendants of Confederate soldiers that commemorates these ancestors, funds and dedicates monuments to them, and promotes the pseudohistor ...
in her honor.
* In ''
The Pinkertons
''The Pinkertons'' is a Canadian Western police procedural television series which features crime cases of the Pinkerton detective agency. The show is officially licensed with the Pinkerton detective agency, and features stories based on actual ...
'' episode "The Better Angels of Our Nature", Greenhow's daughter (named Leila in the episode) is about to publish a scandalous biography of her late mother. The book's publisher is murdered in an attempt to steal the manuscript.
References
Further reading
*
*
*
*
*
External links
Rose O’Neal Greenhow Confederate Civil War Spy
Archival Research Catalog (ARC), National Archives and Records Administration
London: Richard Bentley, 1863; full text online at ''Documenting the American South'', University of North Carolina
Rose O'Neal Greenhow letters Family Tales
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Greenhow, Rose Oneal
1817 births
1864 deaths
People from Port Tobacco Village, Maryland
Catholics from Maryland
American Civil War spies
American spies
Burials at Oakdale Cemetery
Women in the American Civil War
People of Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War
Female wartime spies
Accidental deaths in North Carolina
Deaths by drowning in the United States