''Rosa'' 'Black Baccara' (aka 'MEIdebenne') is a dark burgundy

Hybrid tea rose Hybrid tea is an informal horticultural classification for a group of garden roses. The first hybrid tea roses were created in France in the mid-1800s, by cross-breeding the large, floriferous Hybrid Perpetuals with the tall, elegant Tea roses. T ...

cultivar, bred by French rose hybridizer, Jacques Mouchotte, before 2000. Meilland International introduced the rose in France in 2000. The rose was also introduced in America by

Star Roses and Plants/Conard-Pyle Star Roses and Plants/Conard-Pyle, is a horticultural products company, based in West Grove, Pennsylvania since 1855. The company introduced the Peace rose to America from Europe, and always specialized in rose production, but at one time, they we ...

in 2002.

Description

'Black Baccara' is a tall, upright hybrid tea rose, in height, with a spread. Bloom size ranges from . It has a high-centered, very full (41+ petals) bloom form. The flowers are dark red-burgundy with a velvety texture. They are carried mostly solitary on strong, thick stems and bloom in flushes from spring to fall. Flowers have little or no fragrance. Foliage is dark green and glossy. 'Black Baccara' makes an excellent container plant.

History

Meilland International

The Meilland family is a multi-generational family of

French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

rose breeders. The family's first rosarian was gardener,

Joseph Rambaux Joseph Rambaux (1820–1878) was a gardener and rose breeder from Lyon, France. He is considered the patriarch of the legenday Meilland family, award-winning rose breeders for six generations. The rose variety he is best remembered for is the P ...

, who first started breeding roses in 1850 in

Lyon Lyon,, ; Occitan: ''Lion'', hist. ''Lionés'' also spelled in English as Lyons, is the third-largest city and second-largest metropolitan area of France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of t ...

. He is best known for developing the

Polyantha Garden roses are predominantly Hybrid (biology), hybrid roses that are grown as ornamental plants in private or public gardens. They are one of the most popular and widely cultivated groups of flowering plants, especially in temperate climates. A ...

'Perle d'Or'. His wife, Claudine and son-in-law, Francois Dubreuil, took over the nursery after Rambaux died in 1878. Dubreuil became a successful rose breeder and grower. In 1900, Dubreuil hired sixteen year old, Antoine Meilland, as a gardening assistant, where Meilland worked alongside Dubreuil's daughter, Claudia. Antoine and Claudia married in 1909 and their son,

Francis Francis may refer to: People *Pope Francis, the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State and Bishop of Rome *Francis (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters *Francis (surname) Places * Rural M ...

was born in 1912. The couple took over Dubreuil's nursery after his death in 1916. After

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

, Antoine and Claudia bought property in

Tassin-la-Demi-Lune Tassin la Demi-Lune () is a commune in Lyon Metropolis in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of central-eastern France. In 2017, it had a population of 22,297. Its inhabitants are named ''Tassilunois'' in French. Geography The town of Tassin-la-Dem ...

, near Lyon and started a new nursery. Their son, Francis worked at the nursery and eventually took over the nursery. He expanded the rose business over several years into a large, international company, and became the most famous and prolific rose breeder in the family. His legendary 'Peace' rose, brought the family international attention and great commercial success when it was introduced after

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

. The Meilland family merged their business with Francisque Richardier in 1946, so that Francis Meilland could focus solely on breeding roses. After Francis's early death in 1958, his wife Louisette continued to breed roses, introducing many awarding winning new varieties. The new company, Meilland-Richardier grew into Meilland International (AKA House of Meilland), and is located in

Le Luc en Provence Le Luc (; Provençal: ''Lo Luc''), also known as Le Luc-en-Provence (''Lo Luc de Provença''), is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. In 2019, it had a population of 11,094. Le Luc is ...

, France. Francis and Louisette's children, Alain and Michele, were both successful rose breeders for the company. In 1978, Jacques Mouchotte took over the company's rose breeding program, and developed a large number of new rose varieties until his retirement in 2013. Some of his most popular rose varieties are 'Bonica 82', 'Debut', 'Carefree Wonder', and 'Carefree Delight'. Meilland International continues to be 100% family owned and managed.

'Black Baccara'

'Black Baccara' was developed by Jacques Mouchotte before 2000 by crossing the two dark red Hybrid teas, 'Celica' and 'Fuego Negro'. The rose cultivar was introduced in France by Meilland International in 2000. It was also However, it was introduced in America by

in 2002. 'Black Baccara' was used to hybridize one child plant, Rosa 'Vampire', before 2012.

References

{{Rose, state=collapsed Black Baccara 2000 introductions