Roncalese (in Basque: ''erronkariera'', in Roncalese dialect: ''Erronkariko uskara'') is an extinct

Basque dialect Basque dialects are linguistic varieties of the Basque language which differ in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar from each other and from Standard Basque. Between six and nine Basque dialects have been historically distinguished: *Biscayan ...

once spoken in the

Roncal Valley The Roncal Valley ( eu, Erronkaribar, label=Standard Basque, es, Valle de Roncal) is a valley and mancomunidad in the very east of Navarre, bordering the autonomous community of Aragon to the East and France to the north. It is part of the Merin ...

Navarre Navarre (; es, Navarra ; eu, Nafarroa ), officially the Chartered Community of Navarre ( es, Comunidad Foral de Navarra, links=no ; eu, Nafarroako Foru Komunitatea, links=no ), is a foral autonomous community and province in northern Spain, ...

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

. It is a subdialect of

Eastern Navarrese Eastern Navarrese (''Ekialdeko nafar euskalkia'' in Basque) is an extinct Basque dialect spoken in Navarre, Spain. It included two subdialects: Salazarese and Roncalais. The name of this dialect was proposed by the foremost living Basque dia ...

in the classification of

Koldo Zuazo Koldo Zuazo ( Eibar, Gipuzkoa, 1956) is a Basque linguist, professor at the University of the Basque Country and specialist in Basque language dialectology and sociolinguistics. The dialects of the Basque language Since 1998, Zuazo's work o ...

. It had been classified as a subdialect of

Souletin Souletin or Zuberoan ( eu, Zuberera) is the Basque dialect spoken in Soule, France. Souletin is marked by influences from Occitan (in particular the Béarnese dialect), especially in the lexicon. Another distinct characteristic is the use of v ...

(otherwise spoken in the province of

Soule Soule (Basque language, Basque: Zuberoa; Zuberoan/ Soule Basque: Xiberoa or Xiberua; Occitan language, Occitan: ''Sola'') is a former viscounty and France, French Provinces of France, province and part of the present-day Pyrénées-Atlantiques ...

in France) in the 19th-century classification of

Louis Lucien Bonaparte Louis Lucien Bonaparte (4 January 1813 – 3 November 1891) was a French philologist. The third son of Napoleon's second surviving brother, Lucien Bonaparte, he spent much of his life outside France for political reasons. After a brief politica ...

, and as a separate dialect in the early-20th-century classification of

Resurrección María de Azkue Resurrección María de Azkue (5 August 1864 – 9 November 1951) was an influential Basque priest, musician, poet, writer, sailor and academic.Etxegoien, J. ''Orhipean, Gure Herria ezagutzen'' Xamar: 1996 He made several major contributions t ...

. The last speaker of the Roncalese, Fidela Bernat, died in 1991. Roncalese preserves historical nasals which have been lost from other dialects, a fact which has proven valuable in discrediting the ''aizkora'' theory (that Basque vocabulary is continuous from the Stone Age).

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External links

Roncalese recordings
''Nafarroako Euskararen Mediateka'', Euskarabidea, Government of Navarre. Basque dialects Navarre culture stub

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