Romulus Cândea (October 7, 1886 – January 27, 1973) was an

Austro-Hungarian Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...

-born

Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...

n ecclesiastical historian.

Biography

Born in

Avrig Avrig (; german: Freck/Fryck, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Freck/Fraek'', hu, Felek) is a town in Sibiu County, Transylvania, central Romania. It has a population of 12,815 and the first documents attesting its existence date to 1346. It officially ...

Szeben County Szeben was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in central Romania (southern Transylvania). The capital of the county was Nagyszeben (present-day Sibiu). Geography Szeben County shared borders wit ...

, in the

Transylvania Transylvania ( ro, Ardeal or ; hu, Erdély; german: Siebenbürgen) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains, and to the west the Ap ...

region of

Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...

, his father was a

Romanian Orthodox The Romanian Orthodox Church (ROC; ro, Biserica Ortodoxă Română, ), or Patriarchate of Romania, is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox Christian churches, and one of the nine patriarchates i ...

priest. He studied at the German High School in

Sibiu Sibiu ( , , german: link=no, Hermannstadt , la, Cibinium, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Härmeschtat'', hu, Nagyszeben ) is a city in Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. Located some north-west of Bucharest, the city straddles the Ci ...

from 1897 to 1905, followed by the Theology Faculty at

Czernowitz University Chernivtsi National University (full name Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, uk, Чернівецький національний університет імені Юрія Федьковича) is a public university in the City o ...

Bukovina Bukovinagerman: Bukowina or ; hu, Bukovina; pl, Bukowina; ro, Bucovina; uk, Буковина, ; see also other languages. is a historical region, variously described as part of either Central or Eastern Europe (or both).Klaus Peter BergerT ...

from 1905 to 1909. The same institution granted him a doctorate in 1912,"Cândea, Romulus"
entry in

Mircea Păcurariu Mircea Păcurariu (30 July 1932 – 13 January 2021) was a Romanian theologian, historian and priest in the Romanian Orthodox Church. Biography Born in Ruși, Hunedoara County, he was the son of the village priest. He enrolled in the History ...

, ''Dicționarul Teologilor Români'', Editura Univers Enciclopedic, Bucharest, 1996 and he returned for a while to teach in Sibiu.''Politics and Political Parties in Roumania'', p. 420. London: International Reference Library Publishers Co., 1936. He also continued to study history and philosophy at

Leipzig University Leipzig University (german: Universität Leipzig), in Leipzig in Saxony, Germany, is one of the world's oldest universities and the second-oldest university (by consecutive years of existence) in Germany. The university was founded on 2 December ...

, earning a doctorate in philosophy and master's degree in fine arts there in 1916. From March 1915 to October 1919, he taught church history and pedagogy at the theological seminary in Sibiu. By the time he left, both Transylvania and Bukovina had united with Romania; from 1919 to 1922, he was professor of general church history at his alma mater in what was now

Cernăuți Chernivtsi ( uk, Чернівці́}, ; ro, Cernăuți, ; see also other names) is a city in the historical region of Bukovina, which is now divided along the borders of Romania and Ukraine, including this city, which is situated on the upp ...

. Between 1922 and 1940, when the area was occupied by the Soviet Union, he was professor within the department of medieval, modern and contemporary world history within the Literature and Philosophy Faculty at Cernăuți. For the 1923-1924 academic year, he was dean of the faculty, while from 1925 to 1926, he was rector of the university. In 1921, Cândea was involved in a student-led campaign to fire two Jewish professors, including

Eugen Ehrlich Eugen Ehrlich (14 September 1862 – 2 May 1922) was an Austrian legal scholar and sociologist of law. He is widely regarded as one of the primary founders of the modern field of sociology of law. Biography Ehrlich was born in Czernowitz (now Ch ...

, and wrote an article denouncing the "ferocious

pan-Germanism Pan-Germanism (german: Pangermanismus or '), also occasionally known as Pan-Germanicism, is a pan-nationalist political idea. Pan-Germanists originally sought to unify all the German-speaking people – and possibly also Germanic-speaking ...

of a Jew".Lucian Nastasă, ''Antisemitismul universitar în România (1919-1939)'', p.44. Ed. Institutului pentru Studierea Problemelor Minorităților Naționale, Cluj-Napoca, 2011, In 1929, Cândea was elected a corresponding member of the

Romanian Academy The Romanian Academy ( ro, Academia Română ) is a cultural forum founded in Bucharest, Romania, in 1866. It covers the scientific, artistic and literary domains. The academy has 181 active members who are elected for life. According to its byl ...

. He was a lay member both of the Cernăuți Archdiocese's assembly and of the national church congress. A friend and trusted advisor to

Ion Nistor Ion I. Nistor (August 16, 1876 – November 11, 1962) was a Romanian historian and politician. He was a titular member of the Romanian Academy from 1915 and a professor at the universities of Cernăuți and Bucharest, while also serving as Minis ...

, his professional achievements, in the opinion of historian Lucian Nastasă, did not amount to much. He also had a parallel career in politics, serving as mayor of Cernăuți from 1927 to 1929. Within the

Romanian Parliament The Parliament of Romania ( ro, Parlamentul României) is the national bicameral legislature of Romania, consisting of the Chamber of Deputies ( ro, Camera Deputaților) and the Senate ( ro, Senat). It meets at the Palace of the Parliament in Bu ...

, he represented his university both in the Assembly of Deputies and in the

Senate A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...

in a number of legislatures. He was a prominent member of the quasi-fascist

Romanian Front The Romanian Front ( ro, Frontul Românesc, FR) was a moderate fascist party created in Romania in 1935. Led by former Prime Minister Alexandru Vaida-Voevod, it originated as a right-wing splinter group from the mainstream National Peasants' Part ...

, elected on

Pentecost Pentecost (also called Whit Sunday, Whitsunday or Whitsun) is a Christianity, Christian holiday which takes place on the 50th day (the seventh Sunday) after Easter Sunday. It commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles in the Ne ...

1935 as its regional leader for Bukovina. Between 1940 and 1947, Cândea was a professor of world history within the Literature and Philosophy Faculty of

Cluj University ; hu, kincses város) , official_name=Cluj-Napoca , native_name= , image_skyline= , subdivision_type1 = County , subdivision_name1 = Cluj County , subdivision_type2 = Status , subdivision_name2 = County seat , settlement_type = City , le ...

, which met at Sibiu for the first five years of that period, due to the

Second Vienna Award The Second Vienna Award, also known as the Vienna Diktat, was the second of two territorial disputes that were arbitrated by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. On 30 August 1940, they assigned the territory of Northern Transylvania, including all ...

. In 1948, the new

communist regime A communist state, also known as a Marxist–Leninist state, is a one-party state that is administered and governed by a communist party guided by Marxism–Leninism. Marxism–Leninism was the state ideology of the Soviet Union, the Cominte ...

stripped Cândea of his Academy membership.

Păun Otiman Păun Ion Otiman (born 28 May 1942) is a Romanian agricultural scientist and economist, University Professor, member of the Romanian Academy, Romanian Senator and former Rector of the Banat University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Med ...

"1948 - Anul imensei jertfe a Academiei Române"
in ''Academica'', Nr. 4 (31), December 2013, p.122

Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Candea, Romulus 1886 births 1973 deaths 20th-century Romanian historians Historians of Christianity Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Romania) Members of the Senate of Romania Romanian Front politicians Mayors of places in Romania People from Avrig Members of the Romanian Orthodox Church Romanian Austro-Hungarians Chernivtsi University alumni Academic staff of Chernivtsi University Academic staff of Babeș-Bolyai University Rectors of King Carol I University Corresponding members of the Romanian Academy Romanian historians of religion Delegates of the Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia