Roman Franciszek Rybarski (3 July 1887 in

Zator Zator may refer to: People * Dominick Zator (born 1994), Canadian football player Places * Gmina Zator, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland * Zator, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland * Zator, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland * Zátor, Czech Republi ...

– 6 March 1942 in

Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp ( (); also or ) was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) during World War II and the Holocaust. It con ...

) was a Polish economist and politician. He was the foremost economist of the right-wing

National Democracy National Democracy may refer to: * National Democracy (Czech Republic) * National Democracy (Italy) * National Democracy (Philippines) * National Democracy (Poland) * National Democracy (Spain) See also * Civic nationalism, a general concept * Na ...

political camp and creator of its economic program. Rybarski studied at the Law School of the

Jagiellonian University The Jagiellonian University (Polish: ''Uniwersytet Jagielloński'', UJ) is a public research university in Kraków, Poland. Founded in 1364 by King Casimir III the Great, it is the oldest university in Poland and the 13th oldest university in ...

Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 ...

from 1906 to 1911. During the studies, he was a member of the secret

Association of the Polish Youth "Zet" The Związek Młodzieży Polskiej "Zet" ("Union or Association of the Polish Youth "Zet"", abbreviated ''ZMP'' or more commonly ''Zet'') was a clandestine organization of Polish students at universities of the three partitioning powers (Russia, G ...

. In 1910 he joined the

National League The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, known simply as the National League (NL), is the older of two leagues constituting Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States and Canada, and the world's oldest extant professional team s ...

, a secret Polish right-wing organization. Rybarski was professor at the

from 1917 until 1920, from 1921 until 1923 at the

Warsaw University of Technology The Warsaw University of Technology ( pl, Politechnika Warszawska, lit=Varsovian Polytechnic) is one of the leading institutes of technology in Poland and one of the largest in Central Europe. It employs 2,453 teaching faculty, with 357 professor ...

and from 1924 at the

Warsaw University The University of Warsaw ( pl, Uniwersytet Warszawski, la, Universitas Varsoviensis) is a public university in Warsaw, Poland. Established in 1816, it is the largest institution of higher learning in the country offering 37 different fields of ...

. In 1919 he took part in the Paris Peace Conference as an economic expert of the Polish delegation.Marszał 2007, 22. Rybarski was one of the leading persons in the

Camp of Great Poland Camp of Great Poland ( pl, Obóz Wielkiej Polski, OWP) was a far-right,Obóz Wielkiej Polski
,

. In 1928 he co-founded the National Party. From 1928 until 1935 he was a member of the

Sejm The Sejm (English: , Polish: ), officially known as the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (Polish: ''Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej''), is the lower house of the bicameral parliament of Poland. The Sejm has been the highest governing body of t ...

, where he was one of the leading figures of the party. As one of the foremost persons in the "old faction" of the National Democracy, Rybarski advocated the parliamentary democracy. In 1928, he authored a study in which he stressed the "harmful impact" of Jews on the economy and urban development. His 1931 newspaper article titled "Jewish Policy" marked the start of an Endek offensive against Jews. In the article Rybarski attacked the government, asserting that the Jews were responsible for the government's economic policy and by extension Polish suffering.Social and Political History of the Jews in Poland 1919–1939
De Gruyter, Joseph Marcus, page 342 After the

German invasion of Poland The invasion of Poland (1 September – 6 October 1939) was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union which marked the beginning of World War II. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week afte ...

in 1939, Rybarski worked in the Polish underground, being in the Political Council of the

Service for Poland's Victory Służba Zwycięstwu Polski (''Service for Poland's Victory'', or ''Polish Victory Service'', abbreviated SZP) was the first Polish resistance movement in World War II. It was created by the order of general Juliusz Rómmel on 27 September 1939, w ...

. He held several other positions in the Polish underground state during

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

. On 17 May 1941 he was arrested by Nazi German authorities and incarcerated in the

Pawiak prison Pawiak () was a prison built in 1835 in Warsaw, Congress Poland. During the January 1863 Uprising, it served as a transfer camp for Poles sentenced by Imperial Russia to deportation to Siberia. During the World War II German occupation of ...

. He was later transferred to the Nazi German

Auschwitz concentration camp Auschwitz concentration camp ( (); also or ) was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) during World War II and the Holocaust. It con ...

and eventually executed there for organizing the resistance movement in the camp. In terms of economic thought, Rybarski was a fierce supporter of a

laissez-faire ''Laissez-faire'' ( ; from french: laissez faire , ) is an economic system in which transactions between private groups of people are free from any form of economic interventionism (such as subsidies) deriving from special interest groups. ...

to the economy. He advocated for stability of property rights and economic institutions, and low taxes. Compulsory

social security Welfare, or commonly social welfare, is a type of government support intended to ensure that members of a society can meet basic human needs such as food and shelter. Social security may either be synonymous with welfare, or refer specificall ...

, monopolies and government granted concessions to businesses were not desirable, according to his view. He was a supporter of the

Austrian School of Economics The Austrian School is a Heterodox economics, heterodox Schools of economic thought, school of economic thought that advocates strict adherence to methodological individualism, the concept that social phenomena result exclusively from the motiva ...

. Austrian economists (

Carl Menger Carl Menger von Wolfensgrün (; ; 28 February 1840 – 26 February 1921) was an Austrian economist and the founder of the Austrian School of economics. Menger contributed to the development of the theories of marginalism and marginal utility ...

Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk Eugen Ritter von Böhm-Bawerk (; born Eugen Böhm, 12 February 185127 August 1914) was an Austrian economist who made important contributions to the development of the Austrian School of Economics and neoclassical economics. He served intermitten ...

Ludwig von Mises Ludwig Heinrich Edler von Mises (; 29 September 1881 – 10 October 1973) was an Austrian School economist, historian, logician, and Sociology, sociologist. Mises wrote and lectured extensively on the societal contributions of classical liberali ...

Joseph Schumpeter Joseph Alois Schumpeter (; February 8, 1883 – January 8, 1950) was an Austrian-born political economist. He served briefly as Finance Minister of German-Austria in 1919. In 1932, he emigrated to the United States to become a professor at Ha ...

) had a great influence on his economic views.

Works

''Idea gospodarstwa narodowego'' (1919)

''System ekonomii politycznej'' (t. 1–3 1924–39)

''Naród, jednostka, klasa'' (1926)
* ''Polityka i gospodarstwo'' (1927)
''Handel i polityka handlowa Polski w XVI stuleciu'' (t. 1–2 1928–29)

''Przyszłość gospodarcza świata'' (1932)
* ''Przyszłość gospodarcza Polski'' (1933) * ''Podstawy narodowego programu gospodarczego'' (1934) * ''Siła i prawo'' (1936) * ''Skarbowość Polski w dobie rozbiorów'' (1937)
''Program gospodarczy'' (1937)
* ''Idee przewodnie gospodarstwa Polski'' (1939) * Roman Rybarski : Gospodarstwo Księstwa Oświęcimskiego w XVI wieku. Rozprawy_Akademii_Umiejętności._Wydział_Historyczno-Filozoficzny._Serya_II._1932._Tom_43._Nr._1-5

__Footnotes_

__References_

*_ *_

__Further_reading_

*_ *_ *_ *_Wójtowicz,_Norbert_(2007)
Roman_Rybarski
_Biuletyn_Institute_of_National_Remembrance.html" ;"title="
Rozprawy Akademii Umiejętności. Wydział Historyczno-Filozoficzny. Serya II. 1932. Tom 43. Nr. 1-5

Footnotes

References