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"Roman Holiday" is a song by rapper
Nicki Minaj Onika Tanya Maraj-Petty (; born December 8, 1982), known professionally as Nicki Minaj ( ), is a Trinidadian-born rapper based in the United States. She is known for her musical versatility, animated Flow (rapping), flow in her rapping, alter e ...
, released as the opening track from her second album, '' Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded'' (2012). It was written by Minaj, Larry Nacht, Winston Thomas and
Safaree Samuels Safaree Lloyd Samuels (born July 4, 1981) is a Jamaican-American rapper. Samuels started his musical career in the group the Hoodstars in the early 2000s alongside American rapper Nicki Minaj. Samuels is also known as a solo artist. In 2016, he ...
, and produced by Blackout (Thomas) and Pink Friday Productions. Two months prior to the album's official release, Minaj performed what many viewed as a controversial rendition of the song at the 54th Grammy Awards ceremony on February 12, 2012, which received controversy from the
Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
for the usage of religious imagery. Minaj was the first solo female rapper to perform at the Grammys.


Background

In an interview with MTV, Minaj discussed the fate of her character and alter-ego, Roman Zolanski: "...if you're not familiar with Roman, then you will be familiar with him very soon. He's the boy that lives inside of me. He's a lunatic and he's gay, and he'll be on ''Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded'' (the new album) a lot." Minaj imagined Roman as having been exiled to Russia. "Well, he was there n Moscowsecretly because Martha wanted him to go there. So they put him in this thing with monks and nuns; they were trying to rehabilitate him." Minaj debuted the character live during a controversial performance at the
54th Annual Grammy Awards The 54th Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 12, 2012, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles being broadcast on CBS honoring the best in music for the recording year beginning October 1, 2010 through September 30, 2011. LL Cool J hosted t ...
.


Composition

"Roman Holiday" is a fast-paced hip-hop and
pop rap Pop rap (also known as pop hip-hop, hip pop, melodic hip-hop or melodic rap) is a genre of music fusing the rhythm-based lyricism of hip hop music with pop music's preference for melodious vocals and catchy tunes. This genre gained mainstrea ...
song influenced by opera music that runs for four minutes and five seconds. It features complex production, utilizing elements such as rattling sound effects, sonic drops, synths, and
laser A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The word "laser" is an acronym for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation". The fi ...
s. The chorus is sung by singer Marissa Bregman. The song also references the traditional
hymn A hymn is a type of song, and partially synonymous with devotional song, specifically written for the purpose of adoration or prayer, and typically addressed to a deity or deities, or to a prominent figure or personification. The word ''hy ...
"
Oh Come All Ye Faithful "O Come, All Ye Faithful" (originally written in Latin as "") is a Christmas carol that has been attributed to various authors, including John Francis Wade (1711–1786), John Reading (1645–1692), King John IV of Portugal (1604–1656), and a ...
".


Critical reception

Jessica Hopper, from '' Spin'' magazine, called the song "nearly flawless" and "pure theater, the closest hip-hop's gotten to its own '
Bohemian Rhapsody "Bohemian Rhapsody" is a song by the British rock band Queen, released as the lead single from their fourth album, '' A Night at the Opera'' (1975). Written by lead singer Freddie Mercury, the song is a six-minute suite, notable for its lack o ...
', full of thrilling crescendos and twitchy verses that verge on the ridiculous, but always shift toward the triumphant." She described the song as part of the "gratifying front end (of the album)" and dismissed "subsequent pop tracks as a paying of the piper": "The too-perfect,
Dr. Luke Lukasz Sebastian Gottwald (born September 26, 1973), known professionally as Dr. Luke, Tyson Trax, and Made in China, is an American record producer and songwriter. His professional music career began in the late-night television sketch comedy ...
-produced songs are her penance for sneaking deranged yodeling ode 'Roman Holiday' in there." Jim Farber of '' New York Daily News'' praised the song's style and philosophy: "The peak parts of the star's second CD, ''Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded'', turn that trend smack on its back. The rhythms, textures and inflections of the best tracks far outfreak, and outwit, any get-up the star has ever sported. Take the opening cut, 'Roman Holiday'. When Minaj previewed this ditty on the Grammys back in February, her zany (some said blasphemous) theatrics obscured the originality of both the beat and of Minaj's rapping attack. On the disk, you can bask in her fitful, stuttering style—a manic cadence informed by its own grace. In the space of one track, Minaj mixes pitches and flows to create as much rhythmic surprise as a top comic. Using the persona of Roman Zolanski—the most amped-up gay man imaginable—Minaj unleashes a great spew of profane humor. She matches that to vocal and percussive rhythms that meld a Trinidadian patois, a New York attitude and a hip hop bounce. Such a pan-cultural swirl shoots Missy Elliott's brand of hip-hop surreality to the moon." Jody Rosen of ''
Rolling Stone ''Rolling Stone'' is an American monthly magazine that focuses on music, politics, and popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco, California, in 1967 by Jann Wenner, and the music critic Ralph J. Gleason. It was first known for its ...
'', said "Nicki Minaj is a purist's nightmare. She doesn't just straddle pop categories, she dumps them in a Cuisinart, whips them to a frothy purée, then trains a guided missile at the whole mess." To illustrate his point, Rosen went on to describe "Roman Holiday": "(The album) ''Roman Reloaded'' opens with Minaj – a biracial woman from Queens via Trinidad – ranting in the voice of her (Polish?) homosexual 'twin brother' alter ego. In the same song, she takes on the voice of Martha Zolanski, Roman's mother, singing in a cartoon Cockney accent. 'Take your medication, Roman,' counsels Minaj/Martha. 'Quack, quack to a duck and a chicken, too/Put the hyena in a freakin' zoo,' answers Minaj/ Roman. Later, she bursts into 'O Come, All Ye Faithful." Al Fox of the
BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board exam. ...
...
said of Minaj: "Few artists in Minaj's position would dare to take risks as bold as this", while citing "Roman Holiday" for its "Major-key, tap-along pop sensibilities; disquieting lyrical content; wide-eyed, over-pronounced Valley Girl patter; a reworking of O Come All Ye Faithful; shuddering, skeletal beats."
AllMusic AllMusic (previously known as All Music Guide and AMG) is an American online music database. It catalogs more than three million album entries and 30 million tracks, as well as information on musicians and bands. Initiated in 1991, the databa ...
's David Jeffries lists "Roman Holiday" as a "Track Pick", while ''Rolling Stone'' named the song a "Key Track" on the album.


Live performances


54th Grammy Awards performance

"Roman Holiday" made its debut on February 12, 2012, at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards. It was the first song ever performed on the Grammy stage by a solo female rapper. Minaj said in an interview with '' Rap-Up'', "the Grammys chose 'Roman Holiday'. The producers of the Grammys came to the studio and I played them 'Roman Holiday', and I could not play them another record after they heard that. They went crazy. I could have chosen to do a no-brainer pop song, but I can't do it anymore. I have to stay true to what I'm doing."


Reception

MTV said Minaj's "Roman Holiday" "was the most elaborate of the night's Grammy performances and (had) everyone talking", with
AllHipHop AllHipHop is a hip hop news website founded by Greg Watkins and Chuck Creekmur in 1998. History The website was founded in 1998 by Greg Watkins and Chuck Creekmur. In 1997, Watkins registered the allhiphop.com domain to promote the artists on ...
founder Chuck Creekmur adding, "I definitely felt like she was reaching out to the mainstream with this performance, trying to make that full leap into the pop world. She'll definitely have people talking. Obviously, we've seen this before with Madonna and
Lady Gaga Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta ( ; born March 28, 1986), known professionally as Lady Gaga, is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. She is known for her image reinventions and musical versatility. Gaga began performing as a teenag ...
—especially Gaga." ''
Rolling Stone ''Rolling Stone'' is an American monthly magazine that focuses on music, politics, and popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco, California, in 1967 by Jann Wenner, and the music critic Ralph J. Gleason. It was first known for its ...
''s Steve Knopper called the performance "disturbing, but still somehow great." David Marchese of '' Spin'' described it as an "awesomely outlandish phantasmagoria." In 2015, longtime Grammy producer
Kenneth Ehrlich Kenneth James "Ken" Ehrlich (born 1943) is an American television producer and director.Ariana Grande would not be performing at or attending the
61st Annual Grammy Awards The 61st Annual Grammy Awards ceremony was held on February 10, 2019, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles. Singer-songwriter Alicia Keys hosted. During her opening monologue, Keys brought out Lady Gaga, Jada Pinkett Smith, Jennifer Lopez, and ...
due to a dispute with previously mentioned producer Ehrlich. On February 7, 2019, Grande made a public statement on the matter, she alleged that Ehrlich stifled her creativity and tried to stipulate what song she could perform. She then later went on and alleged that Ehrlich "lied" and she could "pull together a performance over night." Shortly after, Minaj defended Grande and alleged Ehrilch "bullied" her over the previously mentioned 2012 "Roman Holiday" performance. Minaj later said in a statement on
Twitter Twitter is an online social media and social networking service owned and operated by American company Twitter, Inc., on which users post and interact with 280-character-long messages known as "tweets". Registered users can post, like, and ...
: "I was bullied into staying quiet for 7 years out of fear. But I'll tell my fans the REAL on the next episode of #QueenRadio they deserve the truth." Minaj elaborated further on Queen Radio, explaining that the Grammy Award Show producers had approved of her performance of "Roman Holiday" and she was being featured heavily during the Recording Academy's ad campaign for the upcoming show. One day before the show,
Whitney Houston Whitney Elizabeth Houston (August 9, 1963 – February 11, 2012) was an American singer and actress. Nicknamed " The Voice", she is one of the bestselling music artists of all time, with sales of over 200 million records worldwide. Houston i ...
had died and for an unknown reason, Ehrlich used this passing for a reason to ask Minaj to cancel her performance, in her dressing room as she was getting ready for the performance. Minaj refused to give up her performance because she didn't want to let her fans down and because of all the ads she was featured in. Because of this disagreement and the backlash to her religious-inspired theatrical performance from the Catholic Church, Minaj believes that she has been blackballed from winning an award and that she has seen similar stories happen to other artists.


Controversy

Bill Donahue of the conservative watch group, The Catholic League, criticized the performance, stating: "Whether Minaj is possessed is surely an open question, but what is not in doubt is the irresponsibility of
The Recording Academy The Recording Academy (formally the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences; abbreviated NARAS) is an American learned academy of musicians, producers, recording engineers, and other musical professionals. It is famous for its Grammy A ...
." Choreographer Laurieann Gibson, however, said "I personally chose to stay away from any religious moves. There were no crosses. There were no religious symbols. We made sure we were very respectable. The bishop was a symbolic figurehead. He was not ntendedin a negative light, but in a position of authority." Minaj told Ryan Seacrest "It's the most comfortable I've ever been onstage in my entire life." She told radio station
Power 105.1 WWPR-FM (105.1 FM) is an urban contemporary music radio station licensed to New York City. WWPR-FM is owned by iHeartMedia and broadcasts from studios in the former AT&T Building in the Tribeca neighborhood of Manhattan; its transmitter is l ...
" oman Holidaywas my best performance ever and if everybody didn't agree you can… That was my best performance ever, ever. But can I say something, I did a skit on my ' Right Thru Me', I did a skit on ' Moment 4 Life' video, I did a fighting scene in my ' Fly' video. That was the skit for the 'Roman Holiday' video, it goes perfectly for the song, what don't y'all understand?".


Other performances

Minaj also performed the song on select dates of her
Pink Friday Tour The Pink Friday Tour is the debut concert tour by Trinidadian singer/songwriter Nicki Minaj in support of her first two studio albums, ''Pink Friday'' (2010) and '' Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded'' (2012). The tour began in May 2012 with shows in A ...
and her Pink Friday: Reloaded Tour.


In popular culture

From early 2019, "Roman Holiday" became a popular meme on
Twitter Twitter is an online social media and social networking service owned and operated by American company Twitter, Inc., on which users post and interact with 280-character-long messages known as "tweets". Registered users can post, like, and ...
and
TikTok TikTok, known in China as Douyin (), is a short-form video hosting service owned by the Chinese company ByteDance. It hosts user-submitted videos, which can range in duration from 15 seconds to 10 minutes. TikTok is an international version o ...
, thanks to Minaj's "animated performance and rapid fire verses" in the song. ''PopBuzz'' noted that given how "manic the song is, it's the perfect template for any meme". A typical meme of the song would include any unrelated or sped up video, with "Roman Holiday" playing in the background, mainly if someone is escaping or rushing out. The meme caused a 298% surge in streams, and saw it soar to number one on the iTunes Rap/Hip Hop chart in mid-May. The song trended at #1 on US Twitter on February 5, 2023 in protest of the Grammy Awards and reached #1 on the Billboard Rap Digital sales chart.


Credits and personnel

Credits are taken from ''Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded'' liner notes. *Vocals:
Nicki Minaj Onika Tanya Maraj-Petty (; born December 8, 1982), known professionally as Nicki Minaj ( ), is a Trinidadian-born rapper based in the United States. She is known for her musical versatility, animated Flow (rapping), flow in her rapping, alter e ...
, Marissa Bregman *Writing: Onika Maraj, Larry Nacht, Safaree Samuels, Winston Thomas Recorded at: Conway Studios Los Angeles CA *Recording: Ariel Chobaz **Assisted by: John Sher *
Mix engineer A mixing engineer (or simply mix engineer) is responsible for combining ("mixing") different sonic elements of an auditory piece into a complete rendition (also known as "final mix" or "mixdown"), whether in music, film, or any other content of a ...
: Ariel Chobaz **Assisted by: Lyttleton "Cartwheel" Carter *Additional vocals: Marissa Bregman *Producing: Blackout


Charts


References

{{Nicki Minaj singles 2012 songs Cash Money Records singles Internet memes introduced in 2019 Nicki Minaj songs Religious controversies in music Songs written by Nicki Minaj Songs written by Safaree Samuels