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Roman Felleis (18 March 1903 – 24 August 1944) was an Austrian political activist. He was a close friend of Bruno Kreisky, with whom he founded the "Revolutionäre Sozialistischen" (''"Revolutionary Socialists"'') organisation in February 1934. After Anschluss, Austria's annexation by Nazi Germany in March 1938, both men knew it was only a matter of time before the Gestapo would come for them. Kreisky took an opportunity to flee to Sweden later that same year. Felleis refused to leave. He found work as a road builder which enabled him to change his home frequently and live illegally "underground" (unknown to the public authorities) so that he might, when he considered the time was right, create and develop cells of party activists. He died on 24 August 1944 as the result of an American bombing raid against Buchenwald concentration camp to where, by this time, he had been taken.
In August 1939 the Gestapo in Vienna performed a round-up of 47 "revolutionary socialists". Few of them would face a court. Most, including Felleis, were simply taken into "protective custody" and delivered into the Nazi concentration camps, concentration camp network. It seems to have been almost immediately that he was transferred to the Buchenwald concentration camp near Weimar. Here he worked with the (illegal) prisoners' committee. Where possible, he took particular care of Austrian Jewish inmates such as Robert Danneberg, :de:Heinrich Steinitz, Heinrich Steinitz and :de:Edmund Reismann (Politiker, 1881), Edmund Reismann who were treated even more brutally by the camp authorities than other prisoners.
Buchenwald concentration camp was targeted and badly degraded by American bombers on 24 August 1944. A number of the prisoners were killed. Roman Felleis was one of them. His ashes are buried at Feuerhalle Simmering in Vienna.
Life
Roman Felleis was born early in the twentieth century to an unmarried sales assistant in Linz. After Great Depression, 1929 he became unemployed, but, in the words of his friend Bruno Kreisky, he "remained incessantly active" with "firm social democratic convictions". His career as a political activist began in the :de:Sozialistische Arbeiter-Jugend, Young Socialists (''"Sozialistische Arbeiter-Jugend"'' / SAJ). After the brief but brutally suppressed Austrian Civil War, insurrection of February 1934 the Young Socialists were banned: three months later a Austrofascism, post-democratic Federal State of Austria, government structure emerged in Federal State of Austria, Austria. After the SAJ was declared illegal, on 18 February 1934 a meeting of its former officers took place in the Vienna Woods, woods west of Vienna. Under the leadership of Roman Felleis and Bruno Kreisky the participants founded the "Revolutionäre Sozialistischen" (RS / ''"Revolutionary Socialists"'') organisation. Under the one-party state, one-party :de:Ständestaat (Österreich), "Ständestaat" structure implemented after February 1934 and incorporated into law in May 1934, the RSJ was by definition illegal. Felleis became a member of its five-man party executive. The Social Democratic Party of Austria, Social Democratic Party having been declared illegal by the government in February 1934, a Party Congress was held across the border in Brno, Brünn (today Brno) in December 1934. Roman Felleis participated. Back in Austria he was arrested in January 1935 and held in investigative custody. In March 1936 he was one of the most prominent of the 28 defendants in the so-called :de:Sozialistenprozess, Socialists' Trial (''"Sozialistenprozess"''), which at the time attracted considerable media interest internationally.Manfred Marschalek: Der Wiener Sozialistenprozess 1936. In: Karl R. Stadler (Hrsg.): Sozialistenprozesse, Politische Justiz in Österreich 1870–1936. Europa-Verlag, Wien/München/Zürich 1986, , pp. 429–490. Other high-profile defendants included Bruno Kreisky, :de:Anton Proksch, Anton Proksch, Franz Jonas and :de:Otto Probst, Otto Probst. He received a sixteen-month jail sentence. He was released in June 1936, though it is not entirely clear whether this reflected some form of administrative clemency or simply resulted from the usual procedure which involved offsetting time detained awaiting trial against the appropriate part of the sentence subsequently conferred. On his release he returned to activism with the "Revolutionäre Sozialistischen".
In August 1939 the Gestapo in Vienna performed a round-up of 47 "revolutionary socialists". Few of them would face a court. Most, including Felleis, were simply taken into "protective custody" and delivered into the Nazi concentration camps, concentration camp network. It seems to have been almost immediately that he was transferred to the Buchenwald concentration camp near Weimar. Here he worked with the (illegal) prisoners' committee. Where possible, he took particular care of Austrian Jewish inmates such as Robert Danneberg, :de:Heinrich Steinitz, Heinrich Steinitz and :de:Edmund Reismann (Politiker, 1881), Edmund Reismann who were treated even more brutally by the camp authorities than other prisoners.
Buchenwald concentration camp was targeted and badly degraded by American bombers on 24 August 1944. A number of the prisoners were killed. Roman Felleis was one of them. His ashes are buried at Feuerhalle Simmering in Vienna.
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Felleis, Roman Social Democratic Party of Austria politicians Austrian resistance members Austrian people who died in Buchenwald concentration camp Politicians from Linz Politicians from Vienna 1903 births 1944 deaths Burials at Feuerhalle Simmering Austrian civilians killed in World War II Deaths by American airstrikes during World War II