The Diocese of Porto–Santa Rufina is a suburbicarian diocese of the

Diocese of Rome The Diocese of Rome ( la, Dioecesis Urbis seu Romana; it, Diocesi di Roma) is the ecclesiastical district under the direct jurisdiction of the Pope, who is Bishop of Rome and hence the supreme pontiff and head of the worldwide Catholic Church ...

and a diocese of the

Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...

. It was formed from the union of two dioceses. The diocese of Santa Rufina was also formerly known as Silva Candida. From 1967, the diocese has had both a titular

cardinal bishop A cardinal ( la, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae cardinalis, literally 'cardinal of the Holy Roman Church') is a senior member of the clergy of the Catholic Church. Cardinals are created by the ruling pope and typically hold the title for life. C ...

, and a resident bishop who handles the diocesan business.

History

Early Christian history of Porto

Porto Porto or Oporto () is the second-largest city in Portugal, the capital of the Porto District, and one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto city proper, which is the entire municipality of Porto, is small compared to its metropol ...

was in ancient times Portus, the chief harbour of Rome. It owes its origin to the port built by Claudius on the right of the

Tiber The Tiber ( ; it, Tevere ; la, Tiberis) is the third-longest List of rivers of Italy, river in Italy and the longest in Central Italy, rising in the Apennine Mountains in Emilia-Romagna and flowing through Tuscany, Umbria, and Lazio, where ...

, opposite Ostia.

Trajan Trajan ( ; la, Caesar Nerva Traianus; 18 September 539/11 August 117) was Roman emperor from 98 to 117. Officially declared ''optimus princeps'' ("best ruler") by the senate, Trajan is remembered as a successful soldier-emperor who presi ...

enlarged the basin, and in a short time there grew around it a city which eventually became independent of Ostia. Porto became a separate city in the 4th century. Between 337 and 341, a statue was erected by the ''ordo et populus civitatis Flaviae Constantinianae Portuensis." It was near Porto that

Julius Nepos Julius Nepos (died 9 May 480), or simply Nepos, ruled as Roman emperor of the West from 24 June 474 to 28 August 475. After losing power in Italy, Nepos retreated to his home province of Dalmatia, from which he continued to claim the western im ...

compelled Emperor Glycerius to abdicate (474). During the Gothic War the town served the Goths (537 and 549) and the Byzantines (546–552) as a base of operations against Rome. In the 9th and 10th centuries it was sacked on several occasions by the Saracens. In 849 Pope Leo IV fortified it and established there a colony of Corsicans for the defence of the coast and the neighbouring territory, but the city continued to decay. Christianity was early established there. Several martyrs of Porto are known, including Herculanus, Hyacinthus, Martialis, Saturninus Epictetus, Maprilis and

Felix Felix may refer to: * Felix (name), people and fictional characters with the name Places * Arabia Felix is the ancient Latin name of Yemen * Felix, Spain, a municipality of the province Almería, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, ...

. The place was also famous as the probable see of St. Hippolytus (1st half on third century). In 314 Gregorius was bishop. The great ''

xenodochium In the early Middle Ages, a xenodochium or (from Ancient Greek , or ''xenodocheion''; place for strangers, inn, guesthouse) was either a hostel or hospital, usually specifically for foreigners or pilgrims, although the term could refer to charita ...

'', or hospice, of Pammachius was built about 398. In 682, it is recorded that

Pope Leo II Pope Leo II ( – 28 June 683) was the bishop of Rome from 17 August 682 to his death. He is one of the popes of the Byzantine Papacy. Described by a contemporary biographer as both just and learned, he is commemorated as a saint in the Roman Ma ...

was consecrated by the bishops of Ostia, Porto and Velletri (the See of Albano being vacant). The bishop of Porto was one of the seven (then six, when Porto was combined with Santa Rufina) ''episcopi hebdomadarii'', who presided at the high altar of the Lateran Basilica in rotation during the weekdays; the system is first mentioned at the time of

Pope Stephen III Pope Stephen III ( la, Stephanus III; died 1 February 772) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 7 August 768 to his death. Stephen was a Benedictine monk who worked in the Lateran Palace during the reign of Pope Zachary. I ...

(768–772), though it was certainly much older. On 1 August 1018,

Pope Benedict VIII Pope Benedict VIII ( la, Benedictus VIII; c. 980 – 9 April 1024) was bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 18 May 1012 until his death. He was born Theophylact to the noble family of the counts of Tusculum. Unusually for a medieva ...

confirmed for Bishop Benedictus all the possessions of the church of Porto, which were named in detail and included not only the entire city of Porto, but also the Isola Lycaonia and the island with the church of S. Bartholomew, and the Transtiberine region of Rome; the grant included the complete rights over people's estates who died in his jurisdiction without an heir, or intestate, or involved in a legal situation.

Diocese of Caere

The Diocese of Cære, now

Cerveteri Cerveteri () is a town and '' comune'' of northern Lazio in the region of the Metropolitan City of Rome. Known by the ancient Romans as Caere, and previously by the Etruscans as Caisra or Cisra, and as Agylla (or ) by the Greeks, its modern na ...

, has been united with that of Porto since the 12th century. Cære was an ancient city, called at first Agylla, where the sanctuaries of Rome and the Vestals were hidden during the invasion of the Gauls; the Etruscan tombs scattered about its territory are important archeologically. Cervetri had bishops of its own until the 11th century. The earliest known was Adeodatus, who participated in the first Roman synod of Pope Symmachus in 499. Bishop Petrus attended Pope Paul I's synod of 761; Bishop Romanus was present at Pope Eugeniius II's synod of 826; other known bishops were Adrianus (853), Crescentius (869), Annisus (995), and Stephanus (1000). The last known was Benedictus, who is recorded in 1015 and 1029.

Early Christian history of Santa Rufina

''Santa Rufina'' grew up around the basilica of the Holy Martyrs Sts. Rufina and Secunda on the

Via Aurelia The ''Via Aurelia'' (Latin for "Aurelian Way") is a Roman road in Italy constructed in approximately 241 BC. The project was undertaken by Gaius Aurelius Cotta, who at that time was censor.Hornblower, Simon, & Antony Spawforth. ''The Oxford Cla ...

, fourteen miles (21 km) from Rome; the basilica is said to have been begun by

Pope Julius I Pope Julius I was the bishop of Rome from 6 February 337 to his death on 12 April 352. He is notable for asserting the authority of the pope over the Arian Eastern bishops, as well as a dubious claim that he set 25 December as the official birthda ...

, and was finished by Saint Damasus. In the 9th century this town was destroyed by the Saracens, and the efforts of Pope Leo IV and

Pope Sergius III Pope Sergius III (c. 860 − 14 April 911) was the bishop of Rome and nominal ruler of the Papal States from 29 January 904 to his death. He was pope during a period of violence and disorder in central Italy, when warring aristocratic factions ...

were unable to save it from total ruin: all that remains are the remnants of the ancient basilica and a chapel. The residence of the bishops of Silva Candida was on the Insula Tiberina beside the church of Sts. Adalbert and Paulinus, while that of the bishops of Porto was on the same island near the church of San Giovanni. The bishops of Silva Candida, moreover, enjoyed great prerogatives in relation with the ceremonies of the basilica of St. Peter. In November 1037, Bishop Petrus and all his successors were granted the office of ''Bibliothecarius'' (Librarian) of the Holy Roman Church. The first notice of it as an episcopal see dates from the 5th century: During the schism of antipope Clement III (Wibert of Ravenna), there was a schismatic bishop Adalbert (1084–1102), who became

antipope Adalbert Adalbert (or Albert) was elected pope of the Catholic Church in February 1101 and served for 105 days. He was a candidate of the Roman party opposed to Pope Paschal II and is regarded today as an antipope. Prior to his election he was created a ca ...

(1102). He was captured, brought before

Pope Paschal II Pope Paschal II ( la, Paschalis II; 1050 1055 – 21 January 1118), born Ranierius, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 August 1099 to his death in 1118. A monk of the Abbey of Cluny, he was cre ...

, and sent to the monastery of S. Lorenzo in Aversa. Pope

Callistus II Pope Callixtus II or Callistus II ( – 13 December 1124), born Guy of Burgundy, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1 February 1119 to his death in 1124. His pontificate was shaped by the Investiture Controvers ...

(1119–1124) united to the See of Porto the other suburbicarian See of Silva Candida or Santa Rufina. The act was confirmed by Pope Adrian IV, and by

Pope Gregory IX Pope Gregory IX ( la, Gregorius IX; born Ugolino di Conti; c. 1145 or before 1170 – 22 August 1241) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 March 1227 until his death in 1241. He is known for issuing the '' Decre ...

. The change is dated to 1119 by Giuseppe Cappelletti. Historically, the Bishop of Porto became the second cardinal in terms of prestige, the

Bishop of Ostia The Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia is an ecclesiastical territory located within the Metropolitan City of Rome in Italy. It is one of the seven suburbicarian dioceses. The incumbent Bishop is cardinal Giovanni Battista Re. Since ...

being the first, and officiated on Mondays in the

Lateran Basilica The Archbasilica Cathedral of the Most Holy Savior and of Saints John the Baptist and John the Evangelist in the Lateran ( it, Arcibasilica del Santissimo Salvatore e dei Santi Giovanni Battista ed Evangelista in Laterano), also known as the Papa ...

; he obtained, moreover, the other rights of the Bishop of Santa Rufina, but lost jurisdiction over the Leonine City and its environs, when they were united to the city of Rome.

Recent history

In 1826, Civitavecchia was separated from the Diocese of Viterbo and Toscanella and united with that of Porto, by

Pope Leo XII Pope Leo XII ( it, Leone XII; born Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiorre Girolamo Nicola della Genga (; 2 August 1760 – 10 February 1829), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 28 September 1823 to his death ...

. In 1854, it was made an independent see, but sharing a bishop with Corneto (Tarquinia) as the bishop of Tarquinia e Civitavecchia. In 1986, the two dioceses were united, becoming the Dioecesis Centumcellarum-Tarquiniensis, with its seat at Civitavecchia. The Cardinal Bishop of Porto Luigi Lambruschini (1847) restored the cathedral and the episcopal palace. From the 16th century, the incumbency of prelates of the see of Porto was, as a rule, of short duration, because most of the cardinal bishops opted for the See of Ostia and Velletri when it became vacant. It was necessary, however, to be present at the consistory in which vacancies were being filled and cardinals could opt for Ostia in order of seniority. On 10 March 1961, in the apostolic letter ''Ad suburbicarias dioeceses'',

Pope John XXIII Pope John XXIII ( la, Ioannes XXIII; it, Giovanni XXIII; born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, ; 25 November 18813 June 1963) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 28 October 1958 until his death in June 19 ...

abolished the right of cardinal bishops to opt for other suburbicarian sees, reserving the right of appointment to the pope. By the beginning of the 20th century, it had become apparent that the suburbicarian bishops had become overburdened with the responsibilities of their curial and diocesan duties. The increase in commerce, in roads and travel, and migration to the city, as well as the increased burden of duties in the papal administration because of the number and complexity of problems affecting the Church, made some sort of relief necessary. Pope Pius X issued a decree, ''Apostolicae Romanorum Pontificium'', granting the bishops of Ostia, Porto, Albano. Palestrina, and Frascati each a suffragan bishop to carry the burden of their pastoral duties in their dioceses. The pope appointed the suffragans, who had full powers inside the diocese, subject to the cardinal's approval, but not the power to ordain or consecrate, or the right to have a throne or display their coat-of-arms. Further details were added by Pope John XXIII in his apostolic letter, ''Suburbicariis sedibus'', defining the suffragan bishop as "Episcopus Ordinarius", with the same powers as other residential bishops, and enumerating the privileges of the cardinal bishop. In 1914, Pope Pius X took steps to restrain the irregularities in the incomes of the six cardinal suburbicarian bishops. After consulting with the curial cardinals and with their agreement, he issued the decree ''Edita a Nobis'', which ordered that in the future the incomes of the cardinal bishops should be placed in a single fund, administered by the Office of Economic Affairs, to which each cardinal must render an annual account. Each year, after 6,000 Lire was to be given to each suffragan bishop, the remaining money collected was to be divided into equal portions, the bishop of Ostia to receive two portions, and each of the other bishops one portion. The decree also ordered that the bishop of Ostia, when promoted to that position, should also retain his previous bishopric; the diocese of Velitrae was to be removed from his jurisdiction, and from that point the suburbicarin bishops would be: Ostiensis, Portuensis et Sanctae Rufinae, Albanensis, Praenestina, Sabinensis, Tusculana, Veliterna.

Incumbents

Cardinal bishops of Porto

*Gregorius (attested 314) *Donatus (date uncertain) *Petrus (attested 465) : omanus: amasus*Glycerius (attested 473/474) *Herennius (487) *Castus (501) : regorius*Felix (attested 599) *Joannes (680) *Gregorius (attested 710–721) *Gregorius (attested 743–761) *Citonatus (767–769) *Giovanni (797 – between 814 and 826) *Stephanus (826–853) *Rhadoaldus (853–864) * Formosus (864–876), who became pope (891) *Walpert (876–883) *Valentino (883) * Cardinal Formosus (later

Pope Formosus Pope Formosus (896) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 6 October 891 until his death on 4 April 896. His reign as pope was troubled, marked by interventions in power struggles over the Patriarchate of Constantinople, the ...

) (864 – 876, 883 – 891.10.06) *Silvestro (891–898) *Crisogonus (after 904) *Costantinus (958) *Benedictus (963–964 and again in 967–969), *Gregorius (985-994), *Benedictus (998–1001) * Tefilato (1001–1012) *Benedetto da Potio (1012–ca. 1030) *Giovanni Ponzio (1025–1033) *Giovanni (1032–1046) : iorgio (1046–ca. 1049)*Giovanni (1049–1062) *Rolando (ca. 1050/1057) *Giovanni (1057–c. 1089) *Giovanni (1087–1095) *

Mauritius Mauritius ( ; french: Maurice, link=no ; mfe, label= Mauritian Creole, Moris ), officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about off the southeast coast of the African continent, east of Madagascar. It ...

(1097–1102) ::''The See of Porto was combined with the suburbicarian See of Silva Candida (or Santa Rufina) by Pope

(1119–1124).

Cardinal bishops of Santa Rufina (Silva Candida)

* Adeodatus * Valentinus * Tiberius (594) * Ursus (680) * Nicetas (710) * Hildebrand (906) * Peter (1026) *Petrus (c. 1036–c. 1044) *Crescentius (attested 1044-1050) *

Humbertus __NOTOC__ Humbertus was a medieval Bishop of Elmham. Humbertus was consecrated before 824. Medieval hagiographies of Edmund the Martyr say that Humbertus crowned the young Edmund at Burna on Christmas Day 856. He was martyred by the Dane ...

(1050–1061) * Mainardo of Pomposa (1061–1073)

Cardinal bishops of Porto and Santa Rufina

1100-1499

Pietro Senex Pietro Senex (died 1134) was Cardinal-Bishop of Porto from 1102 until his death. He was born probably in Rome. Rector of Benevento He appears for the first time as cardinal in March 1102, when he exercised the legatine duties in Benevento. From 110 ...

(1102–1134) *Giovanni (1134 – 1136/8) * Theodwin, bishop of S. Rufina only (1134–1151) * Cencio de Gregorio (1154–1157) *Bernard (1158–1176) * Guglielmo Marengo (1176–1178) *

Theodinus Theodinus, O.S.B. (died c. 1186) was a Benedictine monk, and a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was a native of Arrone, a hilltop town 15 km east of Terni. He became a cardinal priest, and then cardinal bishop of Porto. He served as a ...

de Arrone (1179–1186) *

Bobo Bobo may refer to: Animals and plants * Bobo (gorilla) a popular gorilla at the Woodland Park Zoo in Seattle from 1953 to 1968 * Bobo, Vietnamese name for Job's tears, a plant of south-east Asia Entertainment, arts and media * ''Bobo'' (mag ...

(1189) * Pietro Gallocia (1190–1211) *

Benedetto Benedetto is a common Italian name, the equivalent of the English name Benedict. Notable people named Benedetto include: People with the given name * Benedetto Accolti (disambiguation), several people * Benedetto Aloi (1935–2011), American ...

(1213–1216) * Cinzio Cenci (1217) *

Conrad of Urach __NOTOC__ Conrad of Urach (also named Conrad von Urach, german: Konrad von Urach, also known as Konrad or Kuno von Zähringen) (born in the 1170s; died 29 September 1227, probably in Bari) was a Cistercian monk and abbot, and Cardinal Bishop of P ...

(1219–1227) *

Romano Bonaventura Romano Bonaventura (before 1216–20 February 1243) was a Catholic Christian prelate, Cardinal deacon of Sant'Angelo in Pescheria, his '' titulus'' (1216–1234), bishop of Porto-Santa Rufina (1231–1243), a cardinal-legate to the court of Franc ...

(1231–1243) *

Otto of Tonengo Otto of Tonengo (c. 1190 – 1250/1251) was an Italian papal diplomat and cardinal, first as deacon of San Nicola in Carcere from 1227 and then as bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina from 1244. Otto had a legal education, and had joined the Roman ...

, Ottone Candido (1244 – 1250/51) *

Giacomo da Castell'arquato Giacomo is an Italian name. It is the Italian version of the Hebrew name Jacob. People * Giacomo (name), including a list of people with the name Other uses * Giacomo (horse), a race horse, winner of the 2005 Kentucky Derby * ''Giácomo'' (film) ...

(1251–1253) *

John of Toledo John of Toledo (died 1275) was an English Cistercian and Cardinal. Little is known about John before 1244: He was born in England, had studied medicine in Toledo and acquired theological skills at an unknown place. He became a Cistercian monk in th ...

(1261–1275) *

Robert Kilwardby Robert Kilwardby ( c. 1215 – 11 September 1279) was an Archbishop of Canterbury in England and a cardinal. Kilwardby was the first member of a mendicant order to attain a high ecclesiastical office in the English Church. Life Kilwardby s ...

(1278–1279) * Bernard de Languissel (1281–1290) * Matteo da Acquasparta (1291–1302) * Giovanni Minio (1302–1312) * Giacomo Arnaldo d'Euse (1313–1316), who became Pope John XXII * Bernard Castanet (1316–1317) * Berenger Fredoli the Younger (1317–1323) * Pierre d'Arabloy (1327–1331) * Jean-Raymond de Comminges (1331–1348) * Bernard d'Albi (1349–1350) *

Guy de Boulogne Guy of Boulogne (1313 – 25 November 1373) was a statesman and cardinal who served the Avignon Papacy for 33 years. He participated in the papal conclaves of 1352, 1362 and 1370, and was the Subdean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. His dipl ...

(1350–1373) *

Pietro Corsini Pietro is an Italian masculine given name. Notable people with the name include: People * Pietro I Candiano (c. 842–887), briefly the 16th Doge of Venice * Pietro Tribuno (died 912), 17th Doge of Venice, from 887 to his death * Pietro II C ...

(1374–1405) * Antonio Caetani (seniore) (1409–1412) * Antonio Correr (1409–1431) * Louis, Duke of Berry (1412–1431) * Branda Catiglione (1431–1440) * Domingo Ram (1444–1445) *

Francesco Condulmer Francesco Condulmer (1390 – 30 October 1453) was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was made cardinal on 19 September 1431 by his uncle, Pope Eugenius IV, and accumulated many offices and dignities. He was Camerlengo of the Holy Ro ...

(1445–1453) **

John Kemp John Kemp ( – 22 March 1454, surname also spelled Kempe) was a medieval English cardinal, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Lord Chancellor of England. Biography Kemp was the son of Thomas Kempe, a gentleman of Ollantigh, in the parish ...

, bishop of Santa Rufina only (1452–1454) *

Guillaume d'Estouteville Guillaume d'Estouteville, OSB (c. 1412–1483) was a French aristocrat of royal blood who became a leading bishop and cardinal. He held a number of Church offices simultaneously. He conducted the reexamination of the case of Jeanne d'Arc an ...

(1459–1461) * Juan Carvajal (1461–1469) *

Richard Olivier de Longueil Richard Olivier de Longueil (1406–1470) (called the Cardinal of Coutances or the Cardinal of Eu) was a French Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal. Biography Richard Olivier de Longueil was born in Lisieux on 18 December 1406, the son of Guillau ...

(1470) *

Filippo Calandrini Filippo Calandrini (1403 – 18 July 1476) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and half-brother of Pope Nicholas V. Biography He was born in 1403 in Genoese Sarzana (now in the region of Liguria), a town located in ancient Lunigiana, a key b ...

(1471–1476) *

Rodrigo Borgia Pope Alexander VI ( it, Alessandro VI, va, Alexandre VI, es, Alejandro VI; born Rodrigo de Borja; ca-valencia, Roderic Llançol i de Borja ; es, Rodrigo Lanzol y de Borja, lang ; 1431 – 18 August 1503) was head of the Catholic Churc ...

(1476–1492), who became Pope Alexander VI

1500-1599

Jorge da Costa Dom Jorge da Costa (1406 – 18 September 1508) was a Portuguese cardinal. Biography Born in Alpedrinha, Fundão, he is often called the Cardinal of Alpedrinha. He was one of many children of Martim Vaz and wife Catarina Gonçalves. He m ...

(1503–1508) *

Raffaele Riario Raffaele Sansoni Galeoti Riario (3 May 1461 – 9 July 1521) was an Italian Cardinal of the Renaissance, mainly known as the constructor of the Palazzo della Cancelleria and the person who invited Michelangelo to Rome. He was a patron of the ...

(1508–1511) *

Domenico Grimani Domenico Grimani (19 February 1461 – 27 August 1523) was an Italian nobleman, theologian and cardinal. Like most noble churchman of his era Grimani was an ecclesiastical pluralist, holding numerous posts and benefices. Desiderius Erasmus d ...

(1511–1523) *

Francesco Soderini Francesco di Tommaso Soderini (10 June 1453 – 17 May 1524) was a major diplomatic and Church figure of Renaissance Italy, and brother of Piero Soderini. He was an adversary of the Medici family. Biography On 27 Mar 1486, he was ordained a priest ...

(1523) *

Niccolò Fieschi Niccolò Fieschi (Genoa, c. 1456 – Rome, 1524) was an Italian Cardinal (Catholicism), Cardinal,From 1503; bishop of Albano 1518, bishop of Sabina 1521, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina 1523, bishop of Ostia 1524. of the prominent family of t ...

(1523–1524) * Alessandro Farnese (1524 in May/June) * Antonia Maria Ciocchi del Monte (1524–1533) *

Giovanni Piccolomini Giovanni Piccolomini (1475–1537) was an Italian papal legate and cardinal. He was a nephew of Pope Pius III. He was made Archbishop of Siena in 1503, Bishop of Sitten in 1522, Bishop of Aquila in 1523, Bishop of Albano in 1524, Bishop o ...

(1533–1535) *

Giovanni Domenico de Cupis Giovanni Domenico de Cupis (Cupi, Cuppi) (1493–1553) was an Italian Cardinal, created by Pope Leo X in the consistory of 1 July 1517. Biography He was Crown-cardinal of the Kingdom of Scotland. He was a friend of Ignatius Loyola. His mother w ...

(1535–1537) * Bonifacio Ferrero (1537–1543) *

Antonio Sanseverino Antonio Sanseverino (died 1543) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and bishop. Biography Antonio Sanseverino was born in Naples ca. 1477, the son of Giovanni Antonio Sanseverino, a Neapolitan patrician, and Enrichetta Carafa. Early in ...

(1543) * Marino Grimani (1543–1546) *

Giovanni Salviati Giovanni Salviati (24 March 1490 – 28 October 1553) was a Florentine diplomat and cardinal. He was papal legate in France, and conducted negotiations with the Emperor Charles V. Biography Salviati was born in Florence to Jacopo Salviat ...

(1546–1553) *

Gian Pietro Carafa Pope Paul IV, born Gian Pietro Carafa, Theatines, C.R. ( la, Paulus IV; it, Paolo IV; 28 June 1476 – 18 August 1559) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 23 May 1555 to his death in August 1559. While serv ...

(1553), who became Pope Paul IV *

Jean du Bellay Jean du Bellay (1492 – 16 February 1560) was a French diplomat and cardinal, a younger brother of Guillaume du Bellay, and cousin and patron of the poet Joachim du Bellay. He was bishop of Bayonne by 1526, member of the ''Conseil privé'' ( ...

(1553–1555) * Rodolfo Pio (1555–1562) *

Francesco Pisani Francesco Pisani (1494 – 28 June 1570) was an Italian Cardinal, born in Venice, the son of Alvise Pisani the noted banker, who was Procurator of S. Mark's, a member of the Council of Ten, and a Councilor of the Doge of Venice; and Cecilia Giust ...

(1562–1564) *

Federico Cesi Federico Angelo Cesi (; 26 February 1585 – 1 August 1630) was an Italian scientist, naturalist, and founder of the Accademia dei Lincei. On his father's death in 1630, he became briefly lord of Acquasparta. Biography Federico Cesi was ...

(1564–1565) * Giovanni Morone (1565–1570) * Cristoforo Madruzzi (1570–1578) * Alessandro Farnese (1578–1580) * Fulvio Corneo (1580–1583) * Giacomo Savelli (1583–1587) *

Giovanni Antonio Serbelloni Giovanni Antonio Serbelloni (also known as Gian Antonio, Gianantonio; 1519–1591) was an Italian Cardinal. Life Giovanni Antonio Serbelloni was born in Milan in 1519 to a prominent family. He was brother of Gabrio (condottiero and general) and G ...

(1587–1589) *

Iñigo Avalos de Aragón Innico d'Avalos d'Aragona (1535/36–1600) was an Italian Cardinal, from Naples. He was the son of condottiero Alfonso d'Avalos and Maria d'Aragona, from the family of the , Spanish nobility. In 1563, he constructed the Castello d'Avalos on Pro ...

(1591–1600)

1600-1699

Tolomeo Gallio Tolomeo Gallio (also spelled Gallo and Galli; 25 September 1527 – 3 or 4 February 1607) was an Italian Cardinal (Catholicism), Cardinal. Biography In the time of Pope Gregory XIII, he acted as papal secretary of state (in office 1572 to 15 ...

(1600–1603) *

Girolamo Rusticucci Girolamo Rusticucci (1537 – 14 June 1603) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and bishop. He was personal secretary to Cardinal Michele Ghislieri, later Pope Pius V, who made Rusticucci a cardinal. He occupied numerous important positions, i ...

(1603) *

Girolamo Simoncelli Girolamo Simoncelli (1522, Orvieto, then in the Papal States – 24 February 1605, Rome) was an Italian cardinal. Life Simoncelli was made a cardinal by his great-uncle, Pope Julius III, in the consistory of 22 December 1553. He was elected bish ...

(1603–1605) * Domenico Pinelli (1605–1607) *

Girolamo Bernerio Girolamo Cardinal Bernerio, O.P. (1540 – 5 August 1611) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Biography Bernerio was born in Corregio. He served as Bishop of Ascoli Piceno from 1586 until his resignation in 1605. He was ...

(1607–1611) * Antonio Maria Gallio (1611–1615) *

Antonio Maria Sauli Antonio Maria Sauli (sometimes Antonio Sauli) (1541–1623) was the Archbishop of Genoa and later a Roman Catholic Cardinal, serving as the dean of the College of Cardinals for the last three years of his life. Sauli was born in Genoa. He was a ...

(1615–1620) *

Giovanni Evangelista Pallotta Giovanni Evangelista Pallotta, surname often spelled Palotta or Palotto, (1548 – 1620) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal. He was born in Caldarola. He was appointed archbishop of Cosenza nominated to be a cardinal in 1587 by Pope Sixtus V. In 15 ...

(1620) *

Benedetto Giustiniani Benedetto Giustiniani (5 June 1554 – 27 March 1621) was an Italian clergyman who was made a cardinal in the consistory of 16 November 1586 by Pope Sixtus V. He participated in the papal conclaves of 1592 and 1621. From 1615 to 1620 he was bis ...

(1620–1621) *

Francesco Maria Bourbon del Monte Francesco Maria del Monte, full name Francesco Maria Bourbon del Monte Santa Maria, (5 July 1549 – 27 August 1627) was an Italians, Italian Cardinal (Catholicism), Cardinal, diplomat, and connoisseur of the arts. His fame today rests on his ea ...

(1621–1623) * Francesco Sforza di Santa Fiora (1623–1624) *

Ottavio Bandini Ottavio Bandini (1558–1629) was a Roman Catholic cardinal. Biography On 25 June 1595 he was consecrated bishop by Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici, Archbishop of Florence, with Ludovico de Torres, Archbishop of Monreale, and Gian Francesco ...

(1624–1626) *

Giovanni Battista Deti Giovanni Battista Deti (1580–1630) was a Roman Catholic cardinal. Biography On 24 Jun 1623, he was consecrated bishop by Ottavio Bandini, Cardinal-Bishop of Palestrina, with Alfonso Gonzaga, Titular Archbishop A titular bishop in variou ...

(1626–1629) *

Domenico Ginnasi 200px, Cardinal Domenico Ginnasi Domenico Ginnasi (19 June 1550 in Castel Bolognese – 12 March 1639, in Rome) was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic church created by Pope Clement VIII. Biography Ginnasi was born the third of seven children to ...

(1629–1630) * Carlo Emmanuele Pio de Savoia (1630–1639) *

Marcello Lante della Rovere Marcello Lante della Rovere (1561 – 19 April 1652) was an Italian people Catholic Cardinal appointed Dean and Camerlengo of the College of Cardinals. __TOC__ Family and early life Lante was born 1561, the son of Ludovico Lante of the ''Dukes ...

(1639–1641) * Pier Paolo Crescenzi (1641–1645) *

Francesco Cennini de' Salamandri Francesco Cennini de' Salamandri (21 November 1566 – 2 October 1645) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal. Biography Cennini de' Salamandri was born 21 November 1566 in Sarteano into a noble family of Marquises of Castiglioncello del Trinor ...

(1645) *

Giulio Roma Giulio Roma (16 September 1584 – 16 September 1652) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal and Bishop of Recanati and Loreto. Roma was born 16 September 1584 in Milan, one of 16 children born to noble parents. He was educated at the University o ...

(1645–1652) * Carlo de Medici (1652) *

Francesco Barberini (seniore) Francesco Barberini may refer to: *Francesco Barberini (d. 1600), uncle of Pope Urban VIII and the subject of the '' Bust of Francesco Barberini'' *Francesco Barberini (1597–1679) Francesco Barberini (23 September 1597 – 10 December 1679) was ...

(1652–1666) * Marzio Ginetti (1666–1671) *

Francesco Maria Brancaccio Francesco Maria Brancaccio (15 April 1592, in Canneto, near Bari – 9 January 1675) was an Italian Catholic cardinal.Ulderico Carpegna Ulderico Carpegna (24 June 1595 – 24 January 1679) was an Italian jurist and Cardinal. Biography Born at Scavolino, he was from a family of the Roman nobility, connected with the Montefeltro family. He became bishop of Gubbio

(1675–1679) * Cesare Facchinetti (1679–1680) *

Carlo Rossetti Carlo Rossetti, ca. 1654-1672. Carlo Rossetti (Roscetti) (1614 – 23 November 1681) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal, born of the noble Rossetti family in Ferrara. Earlier in his career he went to London as a secret nuncio on behalf of Pope Urb ...

(1680–1681) *

Niccolò Albergati-Ludovisi Cardinal Niccolò Albergati-Ludovisi. Niccolò Albergati-Ludovisi (15 September 16089 August 1687) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal and Archbishop of Bologna. Biography He was a cousin of Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi. On 16 September 1640, he wa ...

(1681–1683) *

Alderano Cybo Alderano Cybo (sometimes Alderano Cibo or Alderano Cybo-Malaspina) (16 July 1613 – 22 July 1700) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal. He served as the Secretary of State of Pope Innocent XI. Early life Cybo was born 16 July 1613 in Genoa, the f ...

(1683–1687) * Pietro Vito Ottoboni (1687–1689), who became Pope Alexander VIII * Flavio Chigi sr. (1689–1693) * Giacomo Franzoni (1693–1697) *

Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni (8 June 1623 – 29 June 1698) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal and Cardinal-Nephew to Pope Clement X. Biography Altieri was born Paluzzo Paluzzi degli Albertoni in Rome, the eldest of two sons to Anton ...

(1698) * Emmanuel Théodose de la Tour d'Auvergne de Bouillon (1698–1700)

1700-1799

* Nicoló Acciaioli (1700–1715) * Vicenzo M. Orsini (1715–1724), who became Pope Benedict XIII *

Fabrizio Paolucci Fabrizio Paolucci (2 April 1651 – 12 June 1726) was an Italian cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church, appointed by Pope Innocent XII. Biography Born at Forlì, he went to Rome at the age of eight, in 1659, to be educated by his grand-uncle ...

(1724–1725) *

Francesco Pignatelli Francesco Pignatelli (6 February 1652 – 15 December 1734) was an Italian cardinal. Biography Born at Senise, in the province of Potenza, he entered the order of Theatines in 1665 (at the age of 13). On 27 September 1684, after being nominated ...

(1725–1734) *

Pietro Ottoboni Pope Alexander VIII ( it, Alessandro VIII; 22 April 1610 – 1 February 1691), born Pietro Vito Ottoboni, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 October 1689 to his death in February 1691. He is to date the las ...

(1734–1738) *

Tommaso Ruffo Tommaso Ruffo (1663-1753) was an Italian archbishop of Ferrara and Cardinal. Life He was born in Naples, son of Carlo Ruffo, 3rd Duke of Bagnara. He was educated at La Sapienza University, becoming a doctor of canon and civil law. He was a pa ...

(1738–1740) * Ludovico Pico della Mirandola (1740–1743) *

Annibale Albani Annibale Albani (15 August 1682 – 21 September 1751) was an Italian Cardinal. Biography Annibale Albani was born in Urbino as a member of the Albani family, of Albanian-Italian origin. His parents were Orazio Albani, brother of Pope Clement XI ...

(1743–1751) *

Pierluigi Carafa Pierluigi Carafa, Junior (4 July 1677 – 15 December 1755) (sometimes spelled as ''Caraffa'') was an Italian cardinal from the famous Neapolitan family of Italian nobles, clergy, and men of arts. He served the papacy as Camerlengo of the Sacre ...

(1751–1753) *

Rainiero d'Elci Rainiero d'Elci (7 March 1670 – 22 June 1761) was an Italian Cardinal. Biography He was born in Florence and was ordained in 1699. He entered papal service in the following year and held several offices both in Roman Curia and in the papal terr ...

(1753–1756) *

Giovanni Antonio Guadagni Giovanni Antonio Guadagni (14 September 1674 – 15 January 1759) – in religion Giovanni Antonio di San Bernardo – was an Italian cardinal and a professed member from the Discalced Carmelites. His rise in the ranks became rapid after his ...

(1756–1759) * Francesco Borghese (1759) *

Giuseppe Spinelli Giuseppe Spinelli (1 February 1694 – 12 April 1763) was an Italian cardinal. He was prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples. Biography A native of Naples, he was the son of Giambattista Spinelli, marquis of Fuscaldo, prin ...

(1759–1761) * Camillo Paolucci (1761–1763) * Federico Marcello Lante della Rovere (1763–1773) *

Gian Francesco Albani Gian Francesco Albani (26 February 1720 – 15 September 1803) was a Roman Catholic Cardinal. He was a member of the Albani family. Albani was born in Rome, the son of Carlo Albani, Duke of Soriano; his grand-uncle was Pope Clement XI (Gia ...

(1773–1775) * Carlo Rezzonico Jr (1776–1799)

1800-1967

Leonardo Antonelli Leonardo Antonelli (6 November 1730 – 23 January 1811) was an Italian Cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church. Biography A native of Senigallia, Antonelli was the nephew of Cardinal Nicolò Maria Antonelli. During the early part of his long di ...

(1800–1807) *

Luigi Valenti Gonzaga Luigi Valenti Gonzaga (15 October 1725 – 29 December 1808) was a cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was elected to the Roman Curia and the Papal diplomacy, and was also nuntius of Switzerland and Spain. Valenti Gonzaga was born at Rove ...

(1807–1808) *

Alessandro Mattei Alessandro Mattei (20 February 1744, Rome – 20 April 1820) was an Italian Cardinal, and a significant figure in papal diplomacy of the Napoleonic period. He was from the Roman aristocratic House of Mattei. He became Archbishop of Ferrara in 1 ...

(1809–1814) * Giuseppe Doria Pamphili (1814–1816) *

Antonio Dugnani Antonio is a masculine given name of Etruscan origin deriving from the root name Antonius. It is a common name among Romance language-speaking populations as well as the Balkans and Lusophone Africa. It has been among the top 400 most popular male ...

(1816–1818) *

Giulio Maria della Somaglia Giulio Maria della Somaglia (29 July 1744 – 2 April 1830) was an Italian cardinal. He was, in his later life — a staunch '' zelante'' cardinal who, as Secretary of State under Pope Leo XII, helped enforce an authoritarian regime in t ...

(1818–1820) *

Michele di Pietro Michele di Pietro J.U.D. (18 January 1747 – 2 July 1821) was an Roman Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Major Penitentiary of the Apostolic Penitentiary, Prefect of the Congregation of Propaganda Fide. He was an uncl ...

(1820–1821) * Bartolomeo Pacca (1821–1830) * Pierfrancesco Galleffi (1830–1837) *

Emmanuele de Gregorio Emmanuele de Gregorio (18 December 1758 – 7 November 1839) was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and son of Leopoldo de Gregorio, Marquis of Esquilache. Biography De Gregorio was born at sea while his mother was travelling t ...

(1837–1839) * Gianfrancesco Falzacappa (1839–1840) * Carlo Maria Pedicini (1840–1843) *

Vincenzo Macchi Vincenzo Macchi (30 August 1770 – 30 September 1860) was an Italian Cardinal. Career Born on 30 August 1770 in Capodimonte in the Papal States, he studied in Montefiascone and in Rome and was ordained a priest in 1794. In 1801 he gai ...

(1844–1847) *

Luigi Lambruschini Luigi Lambruschini (6 March 1776 – 12 May 1854) was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church in the mid nineteenth century. He was a member of the Clerics Regular of St. Paul and served in the diplomatic corps of the Holy See. Biograph ...

(1847–1854) *

Mario Mattei Mario Mattei (6 September 1792, Pergola, Marche – 7 October 1870) was an Italian Cardinal, of the Roman noble House of Mattei. He became Dean of the College of Cardinals in 1860. Personal life Mario Mattei was born on 6 September 1792 in Pe ...

(1854–1860) *

Costantino Patrizi Naro Costantino Patrizi Naro JUD (4 September 1798 – 17 December 1876) was a long-serving Italian Cardinal who became Dean of the College of Cardinals. Cardinal Benedetto Naro was his great-uncle. Biography Born in Siena, Naro was educated in the ...

(1860–1870) *

Luigi Amat di San Filippo e Sorso Luigi Amat di San Filippo e Sorso (20 June 1796 – 30 March 1878) was the dean of the College of Cardinals during the last part of the record long reign of Pope Pius IX. Biography The issue of an ancient and noble Catalan Sardinian family,As f ...

(1870–1877) * Camillo di Pietro (1877–1878) *

Carlo Sacconi Carlo Sacconi J.U.D. (9 May 1808 – 25 February 1889) was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and Dean of the College of Cardinals. Carlo Sacconi was born in Montalto. He was educated at the seminary of Fermo and later at La Sapienza ...

(1878–1884) * Giovanni Battista Pitra (1884–1889) *

Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano (9 July 1828, Bene Vagienna, Italy – 7 December 1913, Rome, Italy) was a cardinal of the Catholic Church in the late nineteenth century. He was Bishop of Ostia e Velletri and Dean of the Sacred College of Cardi ...

(1889–1896) *

Lucido Maria Parocchi Lucido Maria Parocchi (13 August 1833 – 15 January 1903) was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Secretary of the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office from 5 August 1896 until his death. Biography Luci ...

(1896–1903) *

Serafino Vannutelli Serafino Vannutelli (26 November 1834 – 19 August 1915) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church, a cardinal and official of the Roman Curia where he held several of the highest administrative posts. Made a cardinal in 1887, he was named ...

(1903–1915) *

Antonio Vico Antonio Vico may refer to: * Antonio Vico (cardinal) (1847–1929), cardinal of the Catholic Church *Antonio Vico y Pintos Antonio Vico Pinto (3 December 1840 - 8 March 1940) was a Spanish stage actor. Family provenance Antonio Vico Pinto was bor ...

(1915–1929) *

Tommaso Pio Boggiani Tommaso Pio Boggiani O.P. (19 January 1863 – 26 February 1942) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who had a varied career that included a stint as the Apostolic Delegate to Mexico, service as bishop of Adria and archbishop of ...

(1929–1942) *

Eugène Tisserant Eugène-Gabriel-Gervais-Laurent Tisserant (; 24 March 1884 – 21 February 1972) was a French prelate and cardinal of the Catholic Church. Elevated to the cardinalate in 1936, Tisserant was a prominent and long-time member of the Roman Curia. ...

(1946–1967/72)

Cardinal bishops since 1967

(1946/67–1972) *

Paolo Marella Paolo Marella (25 January 1895 – 15 October 1984) was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served in the Roman Curia following a career as a delegate of the Holy See, and was elevated to the cardinalate by Pope John XXII ...

(1972–1984) *

Agostino Casaroli Agostino Casaroli (24 November 1914 – 9 June 1998) was an Italian Catholic priest and diplomat for the Holy See, who became Cardinal Secretary of State. He was the most important figure behind the Vatican's efforts to deal with the persecutio ...

(1985–1998) *

Roger Etchegaray Roger Marie Élie Etchegaray (; 25 September 1922 – 4 September 2019) was a French cardinal of the Catholic Church. Etchegaray served as the Archbishop of Marseille from 1970 to 1985 before entering the Roman Curia, where he served as Presid ...

(1998–2019) *

Beniamino Stella Beniamino Stella (born 18 August 1941) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who was Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy from 2013 to 2021; he has been a cardinal since 2014. He began working in the diplomatic service of the Hol ...

(2020–present)

Suffragan bishops, 1910–1967

*Luigi Ermini (30 Dec 1908 – 4 Dec 1914) *Antonio Maria Capettini, P.I.M.E. (1926–1929) *Luigi Martinelli (13 Mar 1933 – 18 Feb 1946) *Pietro Villa, F.S.C.J. (25 Mar 1946 – 13 Nov 1960)

Diocesan bishops, since 1967

* Andrea Pangrazio (1967–1984) * Pellegrino Tomaso Ronchi (1984–1985) * Diego Natale Bona (1985–1994) * Antonio Buoncristiani (1994–2001) * Gino Reali (2002–2021) * Gianrico Ruzza (2022–present)

References

Bibliography

* *Brixius, Johann Matthias (1912). ''Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums voin 1130–1181'' , Berlin: R. Trenkel 1912. *Cappelletti, Giuseppe (1844)
''Le chiese d'Italia.'' Volume primo
Venezia: Giuseppe Antonelli, * * * * * *Hüls, Rudolf (1977). ''Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049-1130'' , Tübingen: Max Niemeyer 1977. * Jaffé, Philipp
''Regesta Pontificum Romanorum ab condita ecclesia ad annum p. Chr. n. 1198''
; 2nd ed. by S. Löwenfeld, F. Kaltenbrunner, P. Ewald Vol 1. Leipzig, 1888. * *Klewitz, Hans-Walter (1957). ''Reformpapsttum und Kardinalkolleg'' , Darmstadt 1957. *Lanzoni, Francesco (1927).
Le diocesi d'Italia dalle origini al principio del secolo VII (an. 604)
'. Faenza: F. Lega, pp. 110–117. * * * (in Latin) * * *

External links

Suburbicarian Diocese of Porto-Santa Rufina Official Website

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Porto-Santa Rufina, Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese Suburbicarian dioceses