The Roman Catholic Diocese of Bethléem à Clamecy was a crusader bishopric in residential exile with see at

Clamecy, Nièvre Clamecy () is a commune in the Nièvre department in central France. Clamecy is the capital of an arrondissement in the department of Nièvre, at the confluence of the Yonne and Beuvron and on the Canal du Nivernais, N.N.E. of Nevers. Clamecy ...

Burgundy Burgundy (; french: link=no, Bourgogne ) is a historical territory and former administrative region and province of east-central France. The province was once home to the Dukes of Burgundy from the early 11th until the late 15th century. The c ...

, eastern France, made exempt (i.e. directly subject to the Holy see, not part of any (French)

ecclesiastical province An ecclesiastical province is one of the basic forms of jurisdiction Jurisdiction (from Latin 'law' + 'declaration') is the legal term for the legal authority granted to a legal entity to enact justice. In federations like the United State ...

History

The Roman Catholic Bishop of the crusader diocese of Bethlehem, in the

Holy Land The Holy Land; Arabic: or is an area roughly located between the Mediterranean Sea and the Eastern Bank of the Jordan River, traditionally synonymous both with the biblical Land of Israel and with the region of Palestine. The term "Holy ...

, was favored by William IV, the

Count of Nevers The counts of Nevers were the rulers of the County of Nevers, which became a French duchy in 1539, with the rulers of the duchy calling themselves dukes. History The history of the County of Nevers is closely connected to the Duchy of Burgundy. ...

who died in Bethlehem as crusader, and inherited from him land near Clamecy (notably the hamlet Pantehenor), where a hospice (''Maison-Dieu'', a clergy-run hospital) had been established. In 1223, after the 1187 fall of the crusader

Kingdom of Jerusalem The Kingdom of Jerusalem ( la, Regnum Hierosolymitanum; fro, Roiaume de Jherusalem), officially known as the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem or the Frankish Kingdom of Palestine,Example (title of works): was a Crusader state that was establishe ...

Palestine __NOTOC__ Palestine may refer to: * State of Palestine, a state in Western Asia * Palestine (region), a geographic region in Western Asia * Palestinian territories, territories occupied by Israel since 1967, namely the West Bank (including East ...

Ayyubid The Ayyubid dynasty ( ar, الأيوبيون '; ) was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultan of Egypt, Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate, Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt. A Sunni ...

Sultan

Saladin Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shadi () ( – 4 March 1193), commonly known by the epithet Saladin,, ; ku, سه‌لاحه‌دین, ; was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. Hailing from an ethnic Kurdish family, he was the first of both Egypt and ...

, the Bishop Rainiero (a Cistercian) took residence in Clamecy. Although the see was never granted membership in the

French States-General In France under the Ancien Régime, the Estates General (french: États généraux ) or States-General was a legislative and consultative assembly of the different classes (or estates) of French subjects. It had a separate assembly for each of t ...

(arguably being an 'overseas' see), the cathedral was the formal seat of the Diocese of Bethlehem ''

in partibus infidelium A titular see in various churches is an episcopal see of a former diocese that no longer functions, sometimes called a "dead diocese". The ordinary or hierarch of such a see may be styled a "titular metropolitan" (highest rank), "titular archbish ...

'' (or Bethléem à/les Clamecy) from 1223. Several of its bishops didn't actually reside in their tiny Burgundian bishopric (just Panthenor, the hospice and the chapel plus some revenues), taking up clerical offices elsewhere, as Auxiliary bishop or

vicar general A vicar general (previously, archdeacon) is the principal deputy of the bishop of a diocese for the exercise of administrative authority and possesses the title of local ordinary. As vicar of the bishop, the vicar general exercises the bishop's ...

in larger (French) (arch)dioceses. The Dominican Guillaume (instated 1331) probably was the last incumbent of Bethlehem to set foot in his 'original' Palestinian diocese, where he hoped to restore the

basilica In Ancient Roman architecture, a basilica is a large public building with multiple functions, typically built alongside the town's forum. The basilica was in the Latin West equivalent to a stoa in the Greek East. The building gave its name ...

(raising significant funds) and may have died (1346?47). During the long-standing Papal schism (from 1378), Clamecy had two rivaling series of Bishops from 1379 to 1422 : those loyal to Rome, hence canonical, but in Italian (double) exile, where they could only collect revenues from the see's Italian possessions, and schismatical pretenders, who however took actual possession in (after all French) Burgundy in the name of

Antipope An antipope ( la, antipapa) is a person who makes a significant and substantial attempt to occupy the position of Bishop of Rome and leader of the Catholic Church in opposition to the legitimately elected pope. At times between the 3rd and mid- ...

s at Avignon (Clement VII and Benedict XIII) or Pisa (Alexander V and John XXIII). In 1413, King

Charles VI of France Charles VI (3 December 136821 October 1422), nicknamed the Beloved (french: le Bien-Aimé) and later the Mad (french: le Fol or ''le Fou''), was King of France from 1380 until his death in 1422. He is known for his mental illness and psychotic ...

agreed the see should have the same privileges as all residential French bishoprics, but his clergy kept arguing Clamecy was 'only' a titular see ''in partibus infidelium'', even after the regular legal and canonical nomination by the crown and the Holy see was clearly covered by the

Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, issued by King Charles VII of France, on 7 July 1438, required a General Church Council, with authority superior to that of the papacy, to be held every ten years, required election rather than appointment to ec ...

from 1438 and by the

Concordat of Bologna The Concordat of Bologna (1516) was an agreement between King Francis I of France and Pope Leo X that Francis negotiated in the wake of his victory at Marignano in September 1515. The groundwork was laid in a series of personal meetings of king an ...

(1516), after which the king delegated his nomination for Clamecy to the

Duchy of Nevers The Duchy of Nivernais () was a Duchy#France, duchy in France, centred around the city of Nevers, of which the duchy took its name. History In 1539, it was directly Annexation, annexed to France and became a duchy in the peerage of France. For a ...

. Especially the

Diocese of Auxerre The diocese of Auxerre ( la, dioecesis Antissiodorensis) is a former French Roman Catholic diocese. Its historical episcopal see was in the city of Auxerre in Burgundy, now part of eastern France. Currently the non-metropolitan Archbishop of Sens ...

and other neighbor sees kept contesting Clamecy's spiritual and canonical jurisdiction, and of course its benefices, seeking recourse in lawsuits, notably with the (regional)

parliament In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation (politics), representing the Election#Suffrage, electorate, making laws, and overseeing ...

(feudal appellate court) on 22 February 1674 and the general assembly of the French clergy on 27 August 1770. In the second half of the 16th century, they see remained vacant as the nominees of the Dukes of Nevers (by royal delegation) were refused papal confirmation. The Bishopric of Bethlehem(-Ascalon) in the Holy Land was nominally restored (a first time) in 1462(?), existing as a Latin Catholic

titular bishopric A titular see in various churches is an episcopal see of a former diocese that no longer functions, sometimes called a "dead diocese". The ordinary or hierarch of such a see may be styled a "titular metropolitan" (highest rank), "titular archbish ...

alongside the residential Clamecy until its suppression in 1603(?). In 1790, the Diocese of Bethléem à Clamecy was abolished as a residential see during the

French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considere ...

(later affirmed by the Napoleonic

Concordat of 1801 The Concordat of 1801 was an agreement between Napoleon Bonaparte and Pope Pius VII, signed on 15 July 1801 in Paris. It remained in effect until 1905, except in Alsace-Lorraine, where it remains in force. It sought national reconciliation b ...

), its territory being merged on 29 November into the

Diocese of Autun The Roman Catholic Diocese of Autun (–Chalon-sur-Saône–Mâcon–Cluny) (Latin: ''Dioecesis Augustodunensis (–Cabillonensis–Matisconensis–Cluniacensis)''; French: ''Diocèse d'Autun (–Chalon-sur-Saône–Mâcon–Cluny)''), more simpl ...

. Presently it is part of the

Archdiocese of Sens The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sens and Auxerre (Latin: ''Archidioecesis Senonensis et Antissiodorensis''; French: ''Archidiocèse de Sens et Auxerre'') is a Latin Rite Archdiocese of the Roman Catholic Church in France. The Archdiocese compri ...

. The Bishopric of Bethlehem(-Ascalon) in the Holy Land was nominally restored again on 3 July 1840 by Pope

Gregory XVI Pope Gregory XVI ( la, Gregorius XVI; it, Gregorio XVI; born Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari; 18 September 1765 – 1 June 1846) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 2 February 1831 to his death in 1 June 1846. He h ...

as a Latin Catholic

and this time give the

Apostolic succession Apostolic succession is the method whereby the ministry of the Christian Church is held to be derived from the apostles by a continuous succession, which has usually been associated with a claim that the succession is through a series of bish ...

of the Burgundian Bethlehem; its title was however vested in the Territorial Abbots Ordinaries of the Territorial Abbacy of Saint-Maurice d’Agaune (the sole abbey of the Swiss Congregation of

Canons Regular Canons regular are priests who live in community under a rule ( and canon in greek) and are generally organised into religious orders, differing from both secular canons and other forms of religious life, such as clerics regular, designated by a ...

St. Maurice's Abbey The Abbey of Saint Maurice, Agaunum (french: Abbaye de Saint-Maurice d'Agaune or ''Saint-Maurice-en-Valais'') is a Swiss monastery of canons regular in Saint-Maurice, Canton of Valais, which dates from the 6th century. It is situated against a c ...

Switzerland ). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...

) held the title of Bishop of Bethlehem in

personal union A personal union is the combination of two or more states that have the same monarch while their boundaries, laws, and interests remain distinct. A real union, by contrast, would involve the constituent states being to some extent interlink ...

from 1840.07.03 until 1970; it has been vacant since 1987.

Episcopal ordinaries

(all

Roman rite The Roman Rite ( la, Ritus Romanus) is the primary liturgical rite of the Latin Church, the largest of the ''sui iuris'' particular churches that comprise the Catholic Church. It developed in the Latin language in the city of Rome and, while dist ...

) ;''Suffragan Bishops of Bethléem à Clamecy'' * Geoffroi de Perfectis (1224 – 1247?) * Thomas Agni da Cosenza,

Dominican Order The Order of Preachers ( la, Ordo Praedicatorum) abbreviated OP, also known as the Dominicans, is a Catholic mendicant order of Pontifical Right for men founded in Toulouse, France, by the Spanish priest, saint and mystic Dominic of Cal ...

(O.P.) (1258 – 1263), next Metropolitan Archbishop of

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cosenza The Italian Catholic archdiocese of Cosenza-Bisignano in Calabria has been a metropolitan see since 2001.

(Italy) (1267.04.18 – 1272.03.17),

Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem The Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem ( la, Patriarchatus Latinus Hierosolymitanus) is the Latin Catholic ecclesiastical patriarchate in Jerusalem, officially seated in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. It was originally established in 1099, wit ...

(Palestine) (1272.03.17 – death 1277.09.22) * Galhard d’Oursault (1263? – 1275?) * Hugues de Curtis (Ugo), O.P. (1279 – 1296?), previously Bishop of Troia (Italy) (1278 – 1279) * Durand (? – ?) * Gérard de Gisors (? – death 1300) * Wulfran d’Abbeville (1301 – 1316),

in the

Archdiocese of Rouen The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Rouen (Latin: ''Archidioecesis Rothomagensis''; French language, French: ''Archidiocèse de Rouen'') is an archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France. As one of the fifteen Archbishops of ...

* Jean d’Egglescliff (Eglesfield) (1317 – ?) * Pierre (Pietro), O.P. (1347.11.05 – death 1355?), previously Bishop of

Segni Segni (, ) is an Italian town and ''comune'' located in Lazio. The city is situated on a hilltop in the Lepini Mountains, and overlooks the valley of the Sacco River. History Early history According to ancient Roman sources, Lucius Tarquiniu ...

(Italy) (1346.06.26 – 1347.11.05) * Adhémar Fabri de La Roche, O.P. (1363.11.13 – 1378.11.10),

in the

Diocese of Geneva The Diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg ( la, Dioecesis Lausannensis, Genevensis et Friburgensis) is a Latin Catholic diocese in Switzerland, which is (as all sees in the Alpine country) exempt (i.e. immediately subject to the Holy See, not p ...

; next Bishop of

Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux (; oc, label= Vivaro-Alpine, Sant Pau de Tricastin), sometimes known as -en-Tricastin, is a commune, an administrative region, in the Drôme department in southeastern France. Name The settlement is attested as ''Aug ...

(France) (1378.11.10 – 1385.07.12), Bishop of

Geneva Geneva ( ; french: Genève ) frp, Genèva ; german: link=no, Genf ; it, Ginevra ; rm, Genevra is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaki ...

(Genève, Switzerland) (1385.07.12 – death 1388.10.08) * Giuliano (1379? – 1380) **''uncanonical [i.e. obedient to an

in Avignon (or Pisa), not to Rome] Guillaume de Vallan, O.P. (1379.07.13 – 1388.12.02)'', later canonical Bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Evreux, Évreux (Normandy, France) (1388.12.02 – death 1400.04.23) * Giovanni Salvucci di Fucecchio,

Friars Minor The Order of Friars Minor (also called the Franciscans, the Franciscan Order, or the Seraphic Order; postnominal abbreviation OFM) is a mendicant Catholic religious order, founded in 1209 by Francis of Assisi. The order adheres to the teachin ...

(O.F.M.) (1380.10.29 – 1383.10.09), next Bishop of

Lucca Lucca ( , ) is a city and ''comune'' in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the Serchio River, in a fertile plain near the Ligurian Sea. The city has a population of about 89,000, while its province has a population of 383,957. Lucca is known as one o ...

(Italy) (1383.10.09 – death 1393.09.24) * William Bottlesham (1383 – 1385.12.02), next Bishop of

Llandaff Llandaff (; cy, Llandaf ; from 'church' and '' Taf'') is a district, community and coterminous electoral ward in the north of Cardiff, capital of Wales. It was incorporated into the city in 1922. It is the seat of the Bishop of Llandaff, whose ...

(Wales) (1385.12.02 – 1389.08.27), Bishop of

Rochester Rochester may refer to: Places Australia * Rochester, Victoria Canada * Rochester, Alberta United Kingdom *Rochester, Kent ** City of Rochester-upon-Medway (1982–1998), district council area ** History of Rochester, Kent ** HM Prison ...

(England) (1389.08.27 – death 1400.02) * Lanfranc (1385.12.12 – 1409?) **''uncanonical Guillaume de Martelet (1388.12.02 – death 1402) '' **''uncanonical Gerardo di Bisarchio (Gérard de Gisors),

Carmelite Order , image = , caption = Coat of arms of the Carmelites , abbreviation = OCarm , formation = Late 12th century , founder = Early hermits of Mount Carmel , founding_location = Mount Ca ...

(O. Carm.) (1402.08.28 – death 1403), previously uncanonical Bishop of

Ottana Ottana ( sc, Otzàna) is a ''comune'' (municipality), former bishopric and Latin titular see in the Province of Nuoro in the Italian region Sardinia, located about north of Cagliari and about southwest of Nuoro. The town is known for its tradi ...

(Sardinia, Italy) (1390.11.21 – 1402.08.28)'' **''uncanonical Jean Lami (1403.07.30 – 1408.02.27), next ?canonical Bishop of Sarlat (France) (1408.02.27 – death 1410.10.15)'' **''uncanonical Gérard (1408.02.27 – death 1410)'' **''uncanonical Michel le Doyen, O.F.M. (1411.07.15 – ?)'' **''uncanonical Jean Marchand, O.P. (1412.09.19 – death 1422.12.11)'' * Laurent Pignon, O.P. (1423.03.05 – 1428), next Bishop of

Auxerre Auxerre ( , ) is the capital of the Yonne department and the fourth-largest city in Burgundy. Auxerre's population today is about 35,000; the urban area (''aire d'attraction'') comprises roughly 113,000 inhabitants. Residents of Auxerre are r ...

(France) (1433 – 1449) * Jean de La Roche, O.F.M. (1428.12.03 – 1433.09.19), next Bishop of

Cavaillon Cavaillon (; Provençal: ''Cavalhon'') is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of Southeastern France.

(1433.09.19 – death 1436) * Dominique, O.F.M. (1433.09.24 – death 1436) * Arnoul-Guillaume de Limonne, O. Carm. (1436.11.26 – death 1457) * Étienne Pilerand, O.F.M. (1457.10.07 – 1463) * Antoine Buisson, O. Carm. (1463.10.08 – death 1477?), previously

Titular Bishop A titular bishop in various churches is a bishop who is not in charge of a diocese. By definition, a bishop is an "overseer" of a community of the faithful, so when a priest is ordained a bishop, the tradition of the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox an ...

of Hippo Zarytus (1460.02.13 – 1463.10.08), Auxiliary bishop in the

* Jean Pilory Bilar, O.P. (1477.09.18 – 1482?), Auxiliary bishop in the

Diocese of Amiens The Roman Catholic Diocese of Amiens (Latin: ''Dioecesis Ambianensis''; French: ''Diocèse d'Amiens'') is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France. The diocese comprises the department of Somme, of which the city of Amie ...

(Picardy) * Bertrand d’Audigier or Albergey (Albigey) (1483? – 1486?),

in the

Diocese of Mende The Roman Catholic Diocese of Mende (Latin: ''Dioecoesis Mimatensis''; French: ''Diocèse de Mende'') is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France. The diocese covers the department of Lozère. The diocese was already in ...

and Auxiliary bishop in the

Diocese of Clermont The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Clermont (Latin: ''Archidioecesis Claromontana''; French: ''Archidiocèse de Clermont'') is an archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France. The diocese comprises the department of Puy ...

* Pierre de Saint-Maximin (1489 – 1492) * Hubert Léonard, O. Carm. (1489.07.06 – retired 1492.12.03), Auxiliary bishop in the

Diocese of Liège In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop. History In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associate ...

(a 'German' prince-bishopric based in present Belgium); previously

Dara Dara is a given name used for both males and females, with more than one origin. Dara is found in the Bible's Old Testament Books of Chronicles. Dara �רעwas a descendant of Judah (son of Jacob). (The Bible. 1 Chronicles 2:6). Dara (also known ...

(1474.11.16 – 1489.07.06); emeritate again as Titular Bishop of Dara (1492.12.03 – ?) * Jacques Héméré (1492.12.03 – ?) * Jean L’Apôtre,

Augustinian Order Augustinians are members of Christian religious orders that follow the Rule of Saint Augustine, written in about 400 AD by Augustine of Hippo. There are two distinct types of Augustinians in Catholic religious orders dating back to the 12th–13 ...

(O.E.S.A.) (1497.02.22 – death 1499) * Antoine Coinel (1499.08.23 – death 1512) * Martin Bailleux, O.F.M. (1513.06.22 – death 1524), previously Bishop of

Arcadia Arcadia may refer to: Places Australia * Arcadia, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney * Arcadia, Queensland * Arcadia, Victoria Greece * Arcadia (region), a region in the central Peloponnese * Arcadia (regional unit), a modern administrative un ...

(? – 1513.06.22) * Philibert de Beaujeu,

Benedictine Order , image = Medalla San Benito.PNG , caption = Design on the obverse side of the Saint Benedict Medal , abbreviation = OSB , formation = , motto = (English: 'Pray and Work') , foun ...

(O.S.B.) (1524.08.17 – death 1555?), Auxiliary bishop in the

* Tommaso Albizi, O.P. (1525.02.10 – ?), previously Bishop of

Cagli Cagli is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Pesaro e Urbino, Marche, central Italy. It c. south of Urbino. The Burano flows near the town. History Cagli occupies the site of an ancient village on the Via Flaminia, which seems to have bo ...

(Italy) (1513 – 1524) * Alonso Cristóbal Arguellada (born Spain) (1550.07.04 – 1572), previously Auxiliary Bishop of Diocese of Jaén (Spain) (1550.07.04 – 1558); later Auxiliary Bishop of

Diocese of Sigüenza In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop. History In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associat ...

(Spain) (1558 – death1572) * Father Dominique Flélin (1556.02.10 – 1558 ''not possessed) * Urbain Reversy (1560.09.04 – death 1560) *'' Father Antoine Trusson, O.E.S.A. (1560.12.05 – 1568 ''not possessed) *'' Father Charles Bourbonnat, O.E.S.A. (1568.09.10 – death 1583 ''not possessed) *'' Father Simon Jourdain, O.E.S.A. (1583? – death 1587? ''not possessed) * Louis de Clèves, O.S.B. (1605.08.03 – death 1609.03) * Jean de Cléves,

Augustinian Canons Regular Canons regular are priests who live in community under a rule ( and canon in greek) and are generally organised into religious orders, differing from both secular canons and other forms of religious life, such as clerics regular, designated by a ...

(C.R.S.A.) (1611.05.02 – death 1619.10.09) * André de Sauzéa (1623.10.23 – death 1644.04.03) * Jean François de Bontemps (1644.04.12 – death 1650.06.19) * Christophe d’Autier de Sisgau (1651.02.27 – retired 1663.10), died 1667 * François de Batailler (1664.04.28 – death 1701.06.20) * Chérubin-Louis Le Bel, Recollect Franciscans (O.F.M. Rec.) (1713.12.11 – death 1738.10.08) * Louis-Bernard de La Taste, O.S.B. (1739.02.23 – death 1754.04.22) * Charles-Marie de Quélen (1754.12.16 – death 1777.04.21) * François-Camille de Duranti de Lironcourt (1777.08.30 – death 1801).

Cathedral

Its

cathedral A cathedral is a church that contains the '' cathedra'' () of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, conference, or episcopate. Churches with the function of "cathedral" are usually specific to those Christian denomination ...

episcopal see (''Cathédrale Notre-Dame-de-Bethléem''), dedicated to Our Lady of Bethlehem, now the Chapelle Notre-Dame-de-Bethléem, was started in the 12th as episcopal chapel and completed in the 15th century. Bishop Arnaud de Limone (1436-1457) restored the chapel of Our Lady and fitted it with a chapter of canons. The hospital and the chapel are now a hotel and restaurant. The chapel is a listed monument since 1927. The area immediately surrounding the church, on the east side of the river

Yonne Yonne () is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in France. It is named after the river Yonne, which flows through it, in the country's north-central part. One of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté's eight constituent departments, it is lo ...

, is now known as Bethléem,International Herald Tribune
/ref> though it is within the

commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to: Administrative-territorial entities * Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township ** Communes of ...

of Clamecy.

References

Sources and external links

GCatholic - Clamency, with Google satellite photo

Location

at the

Catholic Encyclopedia The ''Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church'' (also referred to as the ''Old Catholic Encyclopedia'' and the ''Original Catholic Encyclopedia'') i ...

History of the bishopric of Bethlehem

; Cathedral

at the

French Ministry of Culture The Ministry of Culture (french: Ministère de la Culture) is the ministry of the Government of France in charge of national museums and the . Its goal is to maintain the French identity through the promotion and protection of the arts (visual, ...

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bethleem a Clamecy, Roman Catholic Diocese Former Roman Catholic dioceses in France

History

Episcopal ordinaries

Cathedral

See also

References

Sources and external links