The Archdiocese of Spoleto-Norcia ( la, Archidioecesis Spoletana-Nursina) is a

Latin Church , native_name_lang = la , image = San Giovanni in Laterano - Rome.jpg , imagewidth = 250px , alt = Façade of the Archbasilica of St. John in Lateran , caption = Archbasilica of Saint Joh ...

ecclesiastical territory or

archdiocese In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop. History In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associate ...

of the

Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

. Historically, it was the Diocese of Spoleto. Elevated to the status of an archdiocese since 1821, it is a non-metropolitan see and is immediately exempt to the

Holy See The Holy See ( lat, Sancta Sedes, ; it, Santa Sede ), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the Pope in his role as the bishop of Rome. It includes the apostolic episcopal see of the Diocese of Rome ...

."Archdiocese of Spoleto-Norcia"
'' Catholic-Hierarchy.org''. David M. Cheney. Retrieved February 29, 2016."Archdiocese of Spoleto-Norcia"
''GCatholic.org''. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved February 29, 2016.

History

Civil affairs

Spoleto Spoleto (, also , , ; la, Spoletum) is an ancient city in the Italian province of Perugia in east-central Umbria on a foothill of the Apennines. It is S. of Trevi, N. of Terni, SE of Perugia; SE of Florence; and N of Rome. History Spolet ...

, the Roman Spoletium, surrendered in the

Gothic war Gothic War may refer to: *Gothic War (248–253), battles and plundering carried out by the Goths and their allies in the Roman Empire. *Gothic War (367–369), a war of Thervingi against the Eastern Roman Empire in which the Goths retreated to Mont ...

(537) to the Byzantine general, Constantine; but in 546 it was recovered by Totila, and it was not retaken by the Byzantines until 552, when

Narses , image=Narses.jpg , image_size=250 , caption=Man traditionally identified as Narses, from the mosaic depicting Justinian and his entourage in the Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna , birth_date=478 or 480 , death_date=566 or 573 (aged 86/95) , allegi ...

restored the fortifications. In 572 Spoleto became the seat of a Lombard duke, Faroald. Under Hildebrand, the

Duchy of Spoleto The Duchy of Spoleto (, ) was a Lombard territory founded about 570 in central Italy by the Lombard ''dux'' Faroald. Its capital was the city of Spoleto. Lombards The Lombards had invaded Italy in 568 AD and conquered much of it, establishing ...

was promised to the

by the

King of the Franks The Franks, Germanic-speaking peoples that invaded the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, were first led by individuals called dukes and reguli. The earliest group of Franks that rose to prominence was the Salian Merovingians, who con ...

, and the duke himself was named by Pope Adrian (773), but the succeeding dukes were named by the Frankish emperors.

Winigisus Winiges (or Winichis) (contemporary la, Winigisus, it, Guinigi(sio)) (died 822) was the Duke of Spoleto (''dux Spolitanus'') from 789 to his death. He was probably a Lombard in the entourage of Charlemagne when he was sent in 788 to lead Hildepra ...

aided

Pope Leo III Pope Leo III (died 12 June 816) was bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 26 December 795 to his death. Protected by Charlemagne from the supporters of his predecessor, Adrian I, Leo subsequently strengthened Charlemagne's position b ...

against his enemies. Duke Lambert distinguished himself in the wars against the

Saracen upright 1.5, Late 15th-century German woodcut depicting Saracens Saracen ( ) was a term used in the early centuries, both in Greek and Latin writings, to refer to the people who lived in and near what was designated by the Romans as Arabia Pe ...

s, but disgraced himself by massacres at Rome in 867; he was afterwards deposed (871), then restored (876), but was a second time excommunicated by Pope John VIII. In 883 Guido II of Spoleto united under his sway the entire dukedom, which from this time was called the Duchy of Spoleto and Camerino. After the death of Charles the Fat (888), Guido had himself crowned Roman Emperor and King of Italy under Pope Stephen V (891);

Pope Formosus Pope Formosus (896) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 6 October 891 until his death on 4 April 896. His reign as pope was troubled, marked by interventions in power struggles over the Patriarchate of Constantinople, the ...

in 892 also crowned his son Lambert II, who succeeded his father in the dukedom, kingdom, and empire.

Alberico I, Duke of Camerino Alberic I (died c. 925) was the Lombard Duke of Spoleto from between 896 and 900 until 920, 922, or thereabouts. He was also Margrave of Camerino, and the son-in-law of Theophylact I, Count of Tusculum, the most powerful man in Rome. Life He first ...

(897), and afterwards of Spoleto, married the notorious

Marozia Marozia, born Maria and also known as Mariuccia or Mariozza ( 890 – 937), was a Roman noblewoman who was the alleged mistress of Pope Sergius III and was given the unprecedented titles ''senatrix'' ("senatoress") and ''patricia'' of Rome by ...

; he was killed by the Romans in 924. His son Alberico II made himself also master of Rome and remained there until the election to the papacy of his son John XII. During the conflict between the papacy and the

Emperor Henry IV Henry IV (german: Heinrich IV; 11 November 1050 – 7 August 1106) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1084 to 1105, King of Germany from 1054 to 1105, King of Italy and Burgundy from 1056 to 1105, and Duke of Bavaria from 1052 to 1054. He was the son ...

, the latter named other dukes of Spoleto. After this the dukedom was in the family of the Werners (Guarnieri) of Urslingen, Margraves of Ancona. On 28 July 1155, the city of Spoleto was completely destroyed by the Emperor

Frederick Barbarossa Frederick Barbarossa (December 1122 – 10 June 1190), also known as Frederick I (german: link=no, Friedrich I, it, Federico I), was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 until his death 35 years later. He was elected King of Germany in Frankfurt on ...

. In August 1433, the

Emperor Sigismund Sigismund of Luxembourg (15 February 1368 – 9 December 1437) was a monarch as King of Hungary and Croatia ('' jure uxoris'') from 1387, King of Germany from 1410, King of Bohemia from 1419, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1433 until his death in ...

paid a visit to Spoleto, following his coronation in Rome by Pope Eugenius IV on 31 May 1433.

Papal affairs

The popes maintained at Spoleto a governor, who was often a cardinal. As early as the thirteenth century, and more frequently in the fourteenth, Spoleto was involved in wars with

Perugia Perugia (, , ; lat, Perusia) is the capital city of Umbria in central Italy, crossed by the River Tiber, and of the province of Perugia. The city is located about north of Rome and southeast of Florence. It covers a high hilltop and part o ...

Terni Terni ( , ; lat, Interamna (Nahars)) is a city in the southern portion of the region of Umbria in central Italy. It is near the border with Lazio. The city is the capital of the province of Terni, located in the plain of the Nera river. It is ...

, and other cities; in 1324 it was almost destroyed by the Perugians. In 1319 the struggle between the

Guelphs The Guelphs and Ghibellines (, , ; it, guelfi e ghibellini ) were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, respectively, in the Italian city-states of Central Italy and Northern Italy. During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalr ...

and

Ghibellines The Guelphs and Ghibellines (, , ; it, guelfi e ghibellini ) were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, respectively, in the Italian city-states of Central Italy and Northern Italy. During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalr ...

tore the city. Cardinal Albornoz favoured the city for the services which it rendered in the restoration of the papal power, and made it independent of Perugia. At the beginning of the Western Schism, Pietro di Prato succeeded in occupying Spoleto for the antipope Clement VII, but was expelled by Pope Boniface IX. King Ladislaus of Naples, in 1414 endeavoured in vain to make himself master of the city. Pope Eugenius IV named as governor the Abbot of Monte Cassino, Piero Tomacelli, who was tyrannical to such an extent that the people besieged him in his castle, and in 1438 summoned the bands of Piccinino to free them. In 1480

Cardinal Vitelleschi Cardinal or The Cardinal may refer to: Animals * Cardinal (bird) or Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds **''Cardinalis'', genus of cardinal in the family Cardinalidae **''Cardinalis cardinalis'', or northern cardinal, the ...

ended the tyranny of Piero and of the Trinci of

Foligno Foligno (; Southern Umbrian: ''Fuligno'') is an ancient town of Italy in the province of Perugia in east central Umbria, on the Topino river where it leaves the Apennines and enters the wide plain of the Clitunno river system. It is located so ...

. On 15 January 1820, Spoleto became a metropolitan see, thanks to a bull of

Pope Pius VII Pope Pius VII ( it, Pio VII; born Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti; 14 August 1742 – 20 August 1823), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 14 March 1800 to his death in August 1823. Chiaramonti was also a m ...

entitled ''Pervetustam Episcopalium'', and the ancient

Diocese of Norcia The Roman Catholic Diocese of Norcia was a Latin Catholic bishopric, which existed twice (c490-1000 and 1821-1986) with episcopal see in Norcia, Perugia Province, Umbria region of central Italy. History * Established in 490 as Diocese of Norcia ...

was revived, with its territory taken from that of Spoleto.

Bishops

Spoleto venerates as its apostle

St. Brictius ST, St, or St. may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Stanza, in poetry * Suicidal Tendencies, an American heavy metal/hardcore punk band * Star Trek, a science-fiction media franchise * Summa Theologica, a compendium of Catholic philosophy an ...

, who is also venerated in other cities of Umbria and Tuscany. The legend of his life is full of anachronisms. Another martyred bishop was

St. Saturnius ST, St, or St. may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Stanza, in poetry * Suicidal Tendencies, an American heavy metal/hardcore punk band * Star Trek, a science-fiction media franchise * Summa Theologica, a compendium of Catholic philosophy ...

(270). At the time of Bishop Petrus (573) Spoleto was under

Arian Arianism ( grc-x-koine, Ἀρειανισμός, ) is a Christological doctrine first attributed to Arius (), a Christian presbyter from Alexandria, Egypt. Arian theology holds that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, who was begotten by God t ...

rule. It is told that an Arian bishop in Spoleto wished to enter the Church of San Pietro, then the cathedral, by force, but was stricken with blindness. Bishop

Alfonso Visconti Alfonso Visconti (1552–1608) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and diplomat. Life Alfonso Visconti was born in Milan in 1552. He was the son of the Count Annibale, member of the ''Saliceto'' branch of the noble family of Visconti, and of ...

(1601) began the construction of the diocesan seminary. After the death of Cardinal Locatelli on 13 February 1811, King Napoleon of Italy on 14 April 1813 nominated Canon and Archpriest

Antonio de Longo Antonio is a masculine given name of Etruscan origin deriving from the root name Antonius. It is a common name among Romance language-speaking populations as well as the Balkans and Lusophone Africa. It has been among the top 400 most popular male ...

of Florence to be Bishop of Spoleto; the Canons of Spoleto were unwilling to obey the imperial-royal command, and were therefore nearly all exiled.

was in no position to intervene, since he himself was a prisoner of the Emperor Napoleon at Fontainebleau.

Chapter and cathedral

Bishop Adalbert (1015) laid the foundations of the new cathedral, dedicated to the Virgin Mary and Saint Primianus. He also moved the episcopal residence within the city to the monastery of S. Eufemia. Having destroyed the city in 1155, in 1185

presented to the cathedral the so-called Madonna of St. Luke, a Byzantine work with inscriptions of a dialogue between Mary and Jesus. In 1417, on the death of Bishop Jacopo, who was a partisan of

Pope John XXIII Pope John XXIII ( la, Ioannes XXIII; it, Giovanni XXIII; born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, ; 25 November 18813 June 1963) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 28 October 1958 until his death in June 19 ...

, the clergy wished to proceed to the election of a new bishop, but the people prevented them, proclaiming as bishop

Nicolò Vivari Nicolò () is an Italian male given name. Another variation is Niccolò, most common in Tuscany. It may refer to: * Nicolò Albertini, statesman * Nicolò Amati, luthier * Nicolò Barella, Italian footballer * Nicolò Barattieri, Italian engineer ...

, the nominee of Pope Gregory XII. Again in 1433 the clergy wished to revive their right of electing a bishop, but the intervention of Pope Eugenius IV prevented them. In 1691 the cathedral Chapter was composed of two dignities (the Archdeacon and the Prior) and twelve Canons.

Synods

In 1468, Cardinal Berardo Eroli (Bishop of Spoleto, 1448–1474) held a diocesan synod, attended by approximately 230 priests. Bishop Pietro Orsini (1581–1591) held a diocesan synod in Spoleto in 1583, and had the decisions published. A diocesan synod was held by Archbishop Giovanni de' Conti Sabbioni (1838–1852) on 10–12 May 1842.

Bishops of Spoleto

to 1200

:... *Laurentius (end of 3rd cent. ?) :... *Caecilianus (attested c. 353–354) :... *Achilleus (attested 419) :... *Spes (first half of 5th cent.) :... *Amasius (476–489) * eletius (c. 490)*Joannes (attested c. 492–496, 499, 501, 502) :... *Laurentius (552?–563?) :... *Paulinus (attested c. 558–560) :... *Petrus (attested 574) :... *Chrysanthus (attested 597–603) :... *Adeodatus (attested 649) :... *Deodatus (attested 777, 781) :... *Sigualdus (early 9th cent.) :... *Lupus (attested 967, 968, 1002) *Adalbertus (attested 1015) :... *Berardus (attested 1028) :... *Henricus (attested 1049, 1050, 1059) :... *Andreas (attested 1065–1069) : nknown (1076)*Rodulfus (attested 1080) :... *Salomon (attested 1106–1107) :... *Henricus (attested c. 1114) :... *Manvaldus (attested 1146) *Lotharius (c. 1155) : itechirius (Viterichus) (1173–1178)''intrusus'' schismatic *Rasisericus (Transaricus) (attested 1179) :... *Matteo (1190–1198)

from 1200 to 1600

*Benedictus (1199–1228?) *Nicolaus de Castro Arquato (1228–1236) *Bartholomaeus Accorombani (1236–1271) *Thomas de Angelis (1271–1278) *Rolandus Taverna (1278–1285) * Paperone de' Papareschi, O.P. (1285–1290) *Gerardus Pigolotti, O.P. (1290–1295) *Franciscus, O.Min. (1295–1299) *

Niccolò Alberti Niccolò is an Italian male given name, derived from the Greek Nikolaos meaning "Victor of people" or "People's champion". There are several male variations of the name: Nicolò, Niccolò, Nicolas, and Nicola. The female equivalent is Nicole. The fe ...

, O.P. (1299–1303) *Joannes (1303–1307) *Petrus Trinci (1307–1320) *Bartholomaeus Bardi, O.E.S.A. (1320–1349 ?) :Petrus (1346–1349) Bishop-elect *Joannes (de Pistorio) (1349–1367) *Bernardus Bonavalle *Jacobus de Mutis (1371–1372) *Gaillard de Pallairaco de Bellovide (1372–1379) *Ferdinand (1379–1390) (Roman Obedience) ''Apostolic Administrator'' *Lorenzo (1390–1403) *Carlo, O.S.B. (1403–1404) *

Agostino da Lanzano Agostino da Lanzano (died 1410) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Spoleto (1404-1410), Bishop of Perugia (1390–1404), and Bishop of Penne e Atri (1380–1390). ''(in Latin)''"Bishop Agostino da Lanzano"
'' Catholic-Hierarchy.org''. David M. Cheney. Retrieved March 21, 2016 *Jacopo Palladini (1410–1417) * Niccolò Vivari (1410–1419) *Giacomo del Camplo (del Turco) (1419–1424) *Giacomo Bucci (1424) *Lotto Sardi (1427–1445) *Sagax Conti (1446–1448) * Berardo Eroli (13 Nov 1448 – 8 Dec 1474 Resigned) *

Constantin Eruli Constantin Eruli (also Costantino Eroli) (died 1500) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Spoleto (1474–1500), Bishop of Todi (1472–1474), Bishop of Narni (1462–1472)."Bishop Constantin Eruli"
'' Catholic-Hierarchy.org''. David M. Cheney. Retrieved March 21, 2016. * Francesco Erulli (1500 – 1540 Died) * Fabio Vigili (24 Sep 1540 – 1553 Died) *

Fulvio Giulio della Corgna Fulvio Giulio della Corgna (also Della Cornia, Della Corgnia) (19 November 1517 – 2 March 1583) was a Tuscan Catholic bishop and cardinal. Biography Fulvio Giulio della Corgna was born in Perugia on 19 November 1517, the son of Francia della ...

O.S.Io.Hieros. The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem ( la, Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani), commonly known as the Knights Hospitaller (), was a medieval and early modern Catholic military order. It was headqu ...

(22 Mar 1553 – 1555 Resigned) * Alessandro Farnese (cardinal) (1555 – 16 Dec 1562 Resigned) *

Flavio Orsini Flavio Orsini (1532 – 16 May 1581) was a papal bureaucrat, an Italian bishop, and a cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was son of Ferdinando Orsini, 5th duke of Gravina; and Beatrice Ferrillo, daughter and heiress of Giovanni Alfonso Ferrillo, ...

(16 Dec 1562 – 16 May 1581 Died) *

Pietro Orsini (bishop) Pietro Orsini (died 1598) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Aversa (1591–1598) and Bishop of Spoleto (1581–1591). Biography On 11 Apr 1580, Pietro Orsini was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XIII as Coadjutor Bis ...

(16 May 1581 – 1591) * Paolo Sanvitale (26 Apr 1591 – 11 May 1600 Died)

from 1600 to 1821

*Cardinal

, C.O. (1601–1608) *

Maffeo Barberini Pope Urban VIII ( la, Urbanus VIII; it, Urbano VIII; baptised 5 April 1568 – 29 July 1644), born Maffeo Vincenzo Barberini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 August 1623 to his death in July 1644. As po ...

(27 Oct 1608 – 17 Jul 1617 Resigned) *

Lorenzo Castrucci Lorenzo may refer to: People * Lorenzo (name) Places Peru * San Lorenzo Island (Peru), sometimes referred to as the island of Lorenzo United States * Lorenzo, Illinois * Lorenzo, Texas * San Lorenzo, California, formerly Lorenzo * Lorenzo State ...

(17 Jul 1617 – 1655 Died) *

Cesare Facchinetti Cesare Facchinetti (17 September 1608 – 30 January 1683) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal. Early life Facchinetti was born 17 September 1608 in Bologna. He was the son of Ludovico Facchinetti (2nd Marquis of Vianino), Senator of Bologna, Ambas ...

(2 Aug 1655 –1672) * Ludovicus Sciamanna (9 Apr 1685 – 1689 Died) * Opizio Pallavicini (28 Nov 1689 – 1691) *Cardinal

Marcello Durazzo Marcello is a common masculine Italian given name. It is a variant of Marcellus. The Spanish and Portuguese version of the name is Marcelo, differing in having only one "l", while the Greek form is Markellos. Etymology The name originally means ...

(1691–1695 Resigned) *

Pietro Gaddi Pietro Gaddi (1644–1710) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Spoleto (1695–1710). ''(in Latin)'' Biography Pietro Gaddi was born on 3 Nov 1644 in Forlì, Italy. On 7 Feb 1695, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope In ...

(7 Feb 1695 – Sep 1710 Died) *Carlo Giacinto Lascaris, O.P. (11 May 1711 – 17 Mar 1727 Died) *Pietro Carlo Benedetti (17 Mar 1727 Succeeded – Sep 1739 Died) *Ludovico Ancaiani (1739–1743) *Paolo Bonavisa (11 Mar 1743 – 21 Jul 1759 Died) *Vincenzo Acqua (19 Nov 1759 – 31 Mar 1772 Died) *Francesco Maria Locatelli (1 Jun 1772 – 13 Feb 1811 Died) *Francesco Canali (26 Sep 1814 –1820)

Archbishops of Spoleto

''Elevated: 15 January 1821'' *Mario Ancaiani (27 Jun 1821 – 24 Feb 1827 Died) *Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti (21 May 1827 –1832) *Ignazio Giovanni Cadolini (17 Dec 1832 – 12 Feb 1838 Appointed, Titular Archbishop of ''Edessa in Osrhoëne'') *Giovanni de' Conti Sabbioni (12 Feb 1838 – 26 Sep 1852 Died) *Giovanni Battista Arnaldi (7 Mar 1853 – 28 Feb 1867 Died) *Domenico Cavallini Spadoni (27 Oct 1871 – 6 Feb 1879 Retired) *Mariano Elvezio Pagliari (28 Feb 1879 – 5 Feb 1900 Died) *

Domenico Serafini Domenico Serafini, O.S.B. Subl. (3 August 1852 – 5 March 1918) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served in various pastoral, diplomatic, and curial posts, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1914. Biography D ...

O.S.B. , image = Medalla San Benito.PNG , caption = Design on the obverse side of the Saint Benedict Medal , abbreviation = OSB , formation = , motto = (English: 'Pray and Work') , found ...

(19 Apr 1900 – 2 Mar 1912 Appointed, Titular Archbishop of ''Seleucia Pieria'') *Pietro Pacifici, C.R.S. (28 Aug 1912 – 7 Apr 1934 Died) *Pietro Tagliapietra (12 Sep 1934 – 11 May 1948 Died) *Raffaele Mario Radossi,

O.F.M. Conv. The Order of Friars Minor Conventual (OFM Conv) is a male religious fraternity in the Roman Catholic Church that is a branch of the Franciscans. The friars in OFM CONV are also known as Conventual Franciscans, or Minorites. Dating back to ...

(7 Jul 1948 – 23 Jun 1967 Retired) *Ugo Poletti (26 Jun 1967 – 3 Jul 1969 Appointed, Archbishop (Personal Title), Auxiliary of Rome) *Giuliano Agresti (7 Nov 1969 – 25 Mar 1973 Appointed,

Archbishop of Lucca The Archdiocese of Lucca ( la, Archidioecesis Lucensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy. The diocese dates back as a diocese to the 1st century; it became an archdiocese in 1726. The episcopal ...

) *Ottorino Pietro Alberti (9 Aug 1973 – 23 Nov 1987 Appointed,

Archbishop of Cagliari The Archdiocese of Cagliari ( la, Archidioecesis Calaritana) is a Roman Catholic archdiocese centred on the city of Cagliari. It holds the Primacy of Sardinia.Archbishop (Personal Title) of Arezzo-Cortona-Sansepolcro) *Renato Boccardo (16 Jul 2009 – )CV of archbishop: Arcidiocesi di Spoleto Norcia
"Arcivescovo: Biografia"
retrieved: 29 April 2019.

References

Bibliography

Reference works

* pp. 727–729. (Use with caution; obsolete) * p. . (in Latin) * p. 152. * pp. . * p. . * p. . * p. .

Studies

* *Kehr, Paul Fridolin (1909)
''Italia pontificia''
Vol. IV (Berlin: Weidmann 1909), pp. 5–17. *Lanzoni, Francesco (1927).
Le diocesi d'Italia dalle origini al principio del secolo VII (an. 604)
'. Faenza: F. Lega, pp. 436–446. * * *Schwartz, Gerhard (1907)
''Die Besetzung der Bistümer Reichsitaliens unter den sächsischen und salischen Kaisern: mit den Listen der Bischöfe, 951-1122''
Leipzig: B.G. Teubner. pp. 225–227. (in German) * *Sordini, Giuseppe (1908)
''Il duomo di Spoleto, delle origini, secondo i documenti''
Spoleto: Panello % Petrelli. *

External links

* Benigni, Umberto

''The Catholic Encyclopedia''. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. Retrieved: 26 April 2019. :: {{authority control Pope Pius IX

Spoleto