Roman Borisovich Gul (russian: Роман Борисович Гуль; 13 August 1896 in

Penza Penza ( rus, Пе́нза, p=ˈpʲɛnzə) is the largest city and administrative center of Penza Oblast, Russia. It is located on the Sura River, southeast of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, Penza had a population of 517,311, making it the 38th-l ...

– 30 June 1986 in

New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...

) was a Russian émigré writer, his political position was leftist-liberal, he was critical towards the conservative, tsarist White Movement.

Biography

Gul was born into the family of a notary and spent his childhood in

and on his family estate of Ramsay near Penza. He completed the 1st Penza Gymnasium (grammar school) and went to study at the Law Faculty of the Moscow State University in 1914. Gul was conscripted into the Imperial Russian Army in 1916 and served with the infantry on the South Western Front becoming a company commander in the 417th Kinburn Regiment. In 1917, after the

October Revolution The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key moment ...

, Gul joined the Kornilov Shock regiment of the White

Volunteer Army The Volunteer Army (russian: Добровольческая армия, translit=Dobrovolcheskaya armiya, abbreviated to russian: Добрармия, translit=Dobrarmiya) was a White Army active in South Russia during the Russian Civil War from ...

. He participated in the

Ice March The Ice March (Russian: Ледяной походъ), also called the First Kuban Campaign (Russian: Первый кубанскій походъ), a withdrawal (military), military withdrawal lasting from February to May 1918, was one of the d ...

and was wounded. He was captured by the Ukrainian Army and imprisoned in late 1918. In 1919 he was transferred to Germany and settled in Berlin in 1920 becoming a writer. In the 1920s Gul wrote for the Berlin-based newspaper Nakanunye (Накануне), and acted as a correspondent for several Soviet newspapers. He also worked on the magazines ''Life'' (Жизнь), ''Time'' (Время), ''The Russian Emigrant'' (Русский эмигрант) and ''Voice of Russia'' (Голос России). After the Nazis came to power in 1933, Gul was arrested and put into the

Oranienburg concentration camp Oranienburg was an early Nazi concentration camp, one of the first detention facilities established by the Nazis in the state of Prussia when they gained power in 1933. It held the political opponents of Nazi Party from the Berlin region, most ...

near Berlin, but was freed after six months and emigrated to Paris. In France, he wrote for the liberal émigré newspaper Posledniye Novosti (Последние новости) and the magazines Illustrirovannaya Rossiya (Иллюстрированнaя Россия),

Sovremennye zapiski ' (russian: Современные записки, "Contemporary Papers") was a politicized literary journal published from 1920 to 1940. A group of adherents of the Russian Socialist-Revolutionary Party launched the journal during the Russian Civ ...

(Современныe записки). During the Nazi occupation of France Gul went into hiding and avoided arrest working on a farm in southern France and in a glass factory. Gul emigrated to the United States in 1950 and worked for the émigré literature magazine Novy Zhurnal becoming chief editor in 1966. Gul died of a lung infection in 1986 and is buried in

Novo-Diveevo Novo-Diveevo Convent (it is often spelled as Novo-Diveyevo, Novo-Diveievo or Novodiveevo, russian: Ново-Дивеево - "''New Diveyevo''") is a female monastic community in Nanuet, Rockland County, New York in the United States, that was foun ...

Cemetery in

Spring Valley, New York Spring Valley is a village in the towns of Ramapo and Clarkstown in Rockland County, New York, United States. It is located north of Chestnut Ridge, east of Airmont and Monsey, south of Hillcrest, and west of Nanuet. The population was 33, ...

Works

Russian Language Russian (russian: русский язык, russkij jazyk, link=no, ) is an East Slavic languages, East Slavic language mainly spoken in Russia. It is the First language, native language of the Russians, and belongs to the Indo-European langua ...

* Белые по Чёрному: Очерки гражданской войны. - White on Black: Essays on the Civil War. Book * Ледяной поход (1921) - Ice March (1921) * В рассеяньи сущие: Повесть из жизни эмиграции 1920—1921. (1923) роман, который политически нейтрально трактует тему возвращения в послереволюционную Россию - The utter scattering: The story of the life of emigration 1920-1921. (1923) novel, which is politically neutral treats the subject returned to post-revolutionary Russia * Генерал БО. �зеф(1929) Роман о Савинкове; перерабатывался несколько раз, в последний раз в 1974 General BO.

zef Zef () is a South African counter-culture movement. Kyle Hans Brockmann has compared zef counter-culture to many similar anarchic sub-cultures in the northern hemisphere. Etymology Yolandi Visser of Die Antwoord said, "It's associated with peo ...

(1929) A novel about Savinkov; Reworked several times, most recently in 1974 * Георгий Иванов. Статья - Georgi Ivanov. Article * Дзержинский, Менжинский, Петерс, Лацис, Ягода. (1936) - Dzerzhinsky, Menzhinsky,

Peter Peter may refer to: People * List of people named Peter, a list of people and fictional characters with the given name * Peter (given name) ** Saint Peter (died 60s), apostle of Jesus, leader of the early Christian Church * Peter (surname), a sur ...

s, Lacis, and

Yagoda Yagoda is a Russian surname meaning "berry". However, there is a change in stress and thus pronunciation—the surname is stressed Яго́да, and the word for "berry" is я́года. It also may be a Russian version of the name Judah (surname), ...

. (1936) Book * Жизнь на Фукса: Очерки белой эмиграции. (1927) - Life on the Fuchs: Essays on the White emigration. (1927) * Конь рыжий. (1952) автобиографическое повествование от начала революции и до прибытия в Париж - A Red Horse. (1952) autobiographical account from the beginning of the revolution and before the arrival in Paris * Красные маршалы: Ворошилов, Буденный, Блюхер, Котовский. (1933) Книга - Red marshals:

Voroshilov Kliment Yefremovich Voroshilov (, uk, Климент Охрімович Ворошилов, ''Klyment Okhrimovyč Vorošylov''), popularly known as Klim Voroshilov (russian: link=no, Клим Вороши́лов, ''Klim Vorošilov''; 4 Februa ...

Budyonny Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonnyy ( rus, Семён Миха́йлович Будённый, Semyon Mikháylovich Budyonnyy, p=sʲɪˈmʲɵn mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪdʑ bʊˈdʲɵnːɨj, a=ru-Simeon Budyonniy.ogg; – 26 October 1973) was a Russian ca ...

, Blucher, Kotovsky. (1933) Book * Ледяной поход (С Корниловым). (1921) Мемуары - Th Ice March (with Kornilov). (1921) Memoirs * Моя биография. My biography * Одвуконь: Советская и эмигрантская литература. (1973) Сборник - Odvukon: Soviet and emigre literature. (1973) Collection * Одвуконь-2: Статьи. (1982) Сборник - Odvukon-2: Articles. (1982) Collection * Ораниенбург: Что я видел в гитлеровском концентрационном лагере. (1937) - Oranienburg: What I saw in a Nazi concentration camp. (1937) * Победа Пастернака. (1958) Статья - Victory for Pasternak. (1958) Article * Скиф. (1931) Роман о Бакунине; в 1958 переработан и издан под названием «Скиф в Европе» Skiff. (1931) A novel about

Bakunin Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin (; 1814–1876) was a Russian revolutionary anarchist, socialist and founder of collectivist anarchism. He is considered among the most influential figures of anarchism and a major founder of the revolutionary ...

; In 1958, revised and published under the title "Skiff in Europe" * Тухачевский: Красный маршал. (1932) Книга

Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolayevich Tukhachevsky ( rus, Михаил Николаевич Тухачевский, Mikhail Nikolayevich Tukhachevskiy, p=tʊxɐˈtɕefskʲɪj; – 12 June 1937) nicknamed the Red Napoleon by foreign newspapers, was a Sovie ...

: Red marshal. (1932) Book * Я унёс Россию: Апология эмиграции. Т. 1-3. (1981—1989) I took Russia: Apology emigration. 1-3. (1981-1989)

References

* This article was translated from Russian Wikipedia

Links

Short biography in Russian languageArchive from Amherst College His selected books
electronically available at

lib.ru Lib.ru, also known as Maksim Moshkow's Library (russian: link=no, библиотека Максима Мошкова, started to operate in November 1994) is the oldest electronic library in the Russian Internet segment. Founded and supported ...

(Russian)

External links

* * Roman Gul Papers. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library. {{DEFAULTSORT:Gul, Roman 1896 births 1986 deaths People from Penza People of the Russian Civil War Russian male novelists Russian military personnel of World War I White movement people White Russian emigrants to the United States Russian anti-communists Burials at Novo-Diveevo Russian Cemetery 20th-century novelists