Roland Anthony Oliver FBA (30 March 1923 – 9 February 2014) was an Indian-born English academic and Emeritus Professor of African history at the University of London.
Throughout a long career he was an eminent researcher, writer, teacher, administrator and organiser, who had a profound effect on the development of African Studies in the United Kingdom.
Biography
Oliver was born in
Srinagar
Srinagar (English: , ) is the largest city and the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It lies in the Kashmir Valley on the banks of the Jhelum River, a tributary of the Indus, and Dal and Anchar lakes. The city is known for its natu ...
,
Kashmir
Kashmir () is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term "Kashmir" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, the term encompas ...
, India in 1923.
Following his undergraduate and doctoral studies at the University of Cambridge between 1941 and 1948, Roland Oliver joined the staff of the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) at the University of London, where he was successively Lecturer, Reader and Professor until his retirement in 1986. His appointment as a lecturer in African history marked the beginnings of the contemporary academic field of African history. The African History Seminar that he founded and chaired at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) became the most important venue for the advancement of the academic discipline of African history anywhere in the world, and has profoundly influenced all subsequent scholarship on the subject.
He travelled extensively throughout Africa in 1949-50 and 1957–58 and visited the continent almost every year since then. In 1953, 1957 and 1961 he organised international conferences on African history and archaeology, which did much to establish the subject as an academic discipline.
He was a founding editor, with John Fage, in 1960 of the ''Journal of African History'' and, again with John Fage, in 1960 of the ''
Cambridge History of Africa
''The Cambridge History of Africa'' is an illustrated, eight-volume history of Africa published by Cambridge University Press between 1975 and 1986.United Kingdom and founded the African Studies Association of the UK (ASAUK) itself. He became its fourth President in 1966–67.
Oliver was visiting professor at the
University of Brussels University of Brussels may refer to several institutions in Brussels, Belgium: Current institutions
* Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), a French-speaking university established as a separate entity in 1970
*Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), a D ...
(1961), Northwestern University (1962), and Harvard University (1967). From 1979 to 1993 he was president of the British Institute in Eastern Africa.
The ''Cambridge History of Africa'', and his influential ''Oxford History of East Africa'', were produced in a decade between the late 1970s and late 1980s. These histories recognised and celebrated the long, rich history of Africa, which for the first half of the 20th century was previously thought by historians to have only a history "created" by white travellers, administrators and settlers.
In 2004, Oliver was awarded the Distinguished Africanist Award of the African Studies Association of the UK (ASAUK) and in 1993 he was elected a Fellow of the British Academy.
He died on 9 February 2014 at the age of 90 in Frilsham, Berkshire, England.
Books
*''The Missionary Factor in East Africa'', 1952.
*''Sir Harry Johnston and the Scramble for Africa'', 1957.
*''A Short History of Africa'' (with John Fage), 1962, 6th edition 1988.
*''Africa since 1800'' (with Anthony Atmore) 1967.
*''Africa in the Iron Age'' (with Brian Fagan) 1975.
*''The African Middle Ages'' (with Anthony Atmore) 1981.
*''The African Experience: From Olduvai Gorge to the 21st Century'', 1991, Revised 1999.
*''In the Realms of Gold: Pioneering in African History'', 1997.