Roland Laporte (1675 – 14 August 1704), better known as Roland, was a
Camisard leader who was born at Mas Soubeyran (
Gard) in a cottage that has become the property of the Socité de l'Histoire du Protestantisme français and contains relics of the hero.
He was a nephew of Laporte, the Camisard leader, who was hunted down and shot in October 1702, and became the leader of a band of a thousand men which he formed into a disciplined army with magazines, arsenals and hospitals. For daring in action and rapidity of movement he was second only to
Jean Cavalier
Jean Cavalier (28 November 1681 – 17 May 1740), was the Huguenot chief of the Camisards. He was born at Mas Roux, a small hamlet in the commune of Ribaute near Anduze, southern France.
Early life
His father, an illiterate peasant, had been ...
. Both leaders in 1702 secured entrance to the town of
Sauve under the pretence of being royal officers, burnt the church and carried off provisions and ammunition for their forces.
Roland, who called himself general of the children of God, terrorized the country between
Nîmes and
Alais, burning churches and houses, and slaying those suspected of hostility against the
Huguenots
The Huguenots ( , also , ) were a religious group of French Protestants who held to the Reformed, or Calvinist, tradition of Protestantism. The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss political leader, the Genevan burgomaster Be ...
, though without personally taking any part of the spoil.
Cavalier
The term Cavalier () was first used by Roundheads as a term of abuse for the wealthier royalist supporters of King Charles I and his son Charles II of England during the English Civil War, the Interregnum, and the Restoration (1642 – ) ...
was already in negotiation with
Marshal Villars when Roland cut to pieces a Catholic regiment at Fontmorte in May 1704.
He refused to lay down his arms without definite assurance of the restoration of the privileges accorded by the
Edict of Nantes
The Edict of Nantes () was signed in April 1598 by King Henry IV and granted the Calvinist Protestants of France, also known as Huguenots, substantial rights in the nation, which was in essence completely Catholic. In the edict, Henry aimed pr ...
. Villars then sought to negotiate, offering Roland the command of a regiment on foreign service and liberty of conscience, though not the free exercise of their religion, for his co-religionists. This parley had no results, but Roland was betrayed to his enemies, and on 14 August 1704 was shot while defending himself against his captors. The five officers who were with him surrendered, and were
broken on the wheel at Nîmes. Roland's death put an end to the effective resistance of the Cévenois.
References
Sources
*
* See A Court, ''Histoire des troubles des Cévennes'' (Villefranche, 1760); HM Baird, ''The Huguenots and the revocation of the Edict of Nantes'' (2 vols., London, 1895), and other literature dealing with the Camisards.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Laporte, Roland
1675 births
1704 deaths
French revolutionaries