Roger De Quincy, 2nd Earl Of Winchester
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Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester ( – 25 April 1264), (Roger de Quincy is a subarticle in his father's article.) His dates are given as 1195?-1265 at the beginning of the subarticle, but his death date is given as 25 April 1264 near the bottom of the page. and the hereditary
Constable of Scotland The Lord High Constable is a hereditary, now ceremonial, office of Scotland. In the order of precedence of Scotland, the office traditionally ranks above all titles except those of the royal family.p60-61, Bruce, Alistair, Keepers of the Kingdo ...
, was a nobleman of Anglo-Norman and Scottish descent who was prominent in both
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and
Scotland Scotland is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjac ...
, at his death having one of the largest baronial landholdings in the two kingdoms.


Early life

The de Quincy family, originating from the village of Cuinchy in
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, had been prominent in England and Scotland from about 1130. Roger, second son and eventual heir of
Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester (c. 1155 – 3 November 1219) was one of the leaders of the baronial rebellion against John, King of England, and a major figure in both the kingdoms of Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland and Kingdom of England, ...
, and his wife Margaret, younger daughter of
Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester (1121 – 1190), called Blanchemains, was an English nobleman, one of the principal followers of Henry the Young King in the Revolt of 1173–1174 against his father King Henry II. Life Robert was the s ...
, and wife Petronilla de Grandmesnil. Roger was likely the son that Saer handed over to King John in 1213 as a Scottish hostage to ensure the Anglo-Scottish treaty of 1212. He first became involved in politics in 1215, when he, along with Saer and the leaders of the baronial rebellion against John, was excommunicated by Innocent III. However, he did not play a major role in the civil war that erupted after the king's death. Roger probably joined his father on the
Fifth Crusade The Fifth Crusade (September 1217 - August 29, 1221) was a campaign in a series of Crusades by Western Europeans to reacquire Jerusalem and the rest of the Holy Land by first conquering Egypt, ruled by the powerful Ayyubid sultanate, led by al- ...
, during which the elder de Quincy fell sick in
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and died. Since Roger's older brother Robert had died a few years earlier, he inherited his father's estates on his return, but was not recognised as earl until his mother died in 1235.


Career

Roger married a major heiress, Helen of Galloway, the eldest of the three daughters of
Alan, Lord of Galloway Alan of Galloway (before 1199 – 1234) was a leading thirteenth-century Scottish magnate. As the hereditary Lord of Galloway and Constable of Scotland, he was one of the most influential men in the Kingdom of Scotland and Irish Sea zone. Ala ...
. On her father's death in 1234, he acquired her share of the paternal inheritance, which consisted of the hereditary office of
Constable of Scotland The Lord High Constable is a hereditary, now ceremonial, office of Scotland. In the order of precedence of Scotland, the office traditionally ranks above all titles except those of the royal family.p60-61, Bruce, Alistair, Keepers of the Kingdo ...
and one-third of the lordship of
Galloway Galloway ( ; ; ) is a region in southwestern Scotland comprising the counties of Scotland, historic counties of Wigtownshire and Kirkcudbrightshire. It is administered as part of the council areas of Scotland, council area of Dumfries and Gallow ...
. The title of Lord of Galloway, however, went through Helen's half-sister Devorguilla to her husband
John Balliol John Balliol or John de Balliol ( – late 1314), known derisively as Toom Tabard (meaning 'empty coat'), was King of Scots from 1292 to 1296. Little is known of his early life. After the death of Margaret, Maid of Norway, Scotland entered an ...
.Stewart, John, LL.D., and Burnett, George,
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, editors, "The
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", vol.1, 1264-1359, Edinburgh, 1878, pps:33 and 45.
In 1235 the Galwegians rebelled under Gille Ruadh, not wanting their land divided, but the rebellion was suppressed by King
Alexander II of Scotland Alexander II ( Medieval Gaelic: '; Modern Gaelic: '; nicknamed "the Peaceful" by modern historians; 24 August 1198 – 6 July 1249) was King of Alba (Scotland) from 1214 until his death. He concluded the Treaty of York (1237) which defined t ...
. The Galwegians revolted again in 1246, following the death without children of Helen's sister Christina, first wife of William de Forz, 4th Earl of Aumale. Further unrest in 1247, possibly due to his strict rule, found de Quincy trapped in a castle, from which he escaped to obtain help from King Alexander in suppressing the rebellion. Although actively managing his lands in Scotland, despite being Constable after this time he seems to have had little further involvement in Scotland's politics and wars. In England he also steered clear of politics initially but was gradually drawn into the baronial opposition to the rule of King Henry III, He joined with other nobles in 1239 and 1246 in written remonstrances to the
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about papal interference in English affairs. In 1258, he was elected by the barons to the twelve-member commission charged with overseeing the revised constitution of the
Provisions of Oxford The Provisions of Oxford ( or ''Oxoniae'') were constitutional reforms to the government of late medieval England adopted during the Oxford Parliament of 1258 to resolve a dispute between Henry III of England and his barons. The reforms were de ...
and was appointed also to the committee to arrange the financial aid promised to Henry. In 1259 he led a delegation to St Omer that forbade the King's brother Richard, Earl of Cornwall from returning to England unless he swore to observe the Provisions of Oxford. After this de Quincy played little part in national affairs. He died aged about 69 on 25 April 1264, eighteen days after the outbreak of civil war, and was buried at
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. Having no male heir, the earldom of Winchester became extinct and his estates were divided among the husbands of his three daughters.


Family

He married three times, leaving three daughters from his first marriage to Helen of Galloway: *Margaret (or Margery), who married William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby; *Elizabeth (or Isabel or Isabella), who married Alexander Comyn, 2nd Earl of Buchan; *Helen, who married Alan de la Zouche. His second marriage was in about 1250 to Maud de Bohun, daughter of
Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford Humphrey IV de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, 1st Earl of Essex (1204 – 24 September 1275) was an Anglo-Norman nobleman and soldier who served as hereditary Constable of England. Origins He was the eldest son and heir of Henry de Bohun, 1st Ear ...
, who died in 1252. Thirdly, in 1252, he married Eleanor de Ferrers, daughter of William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby. Neither of these marriages produced any children.


References

*Grant G. Simpson, "An Anglo-Scottish Baron of the Thirteenth century: the Acts of Roger de Quincy, Earl of Winchester and Constable of Scotland" (Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Edinburgh 1963). {{DEFAULTSORT:Quincy, Roger de 2nd Earl of Winchester Winchester, Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester, Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester, Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of History of Galloway Norman warriors Scoto-Normans Christians of the Fifth Crusade 13th-century English nobility 13th-century Scottish people