Rod Koh or Rod Kohi ( fa, راد کوہ) is a form of irrigation system in
Pakistan. ''Rod'' means ''channel'' and ''Koh'' means ''mountain'' in
Persian. The Rod Kohi system based on
Kulyat Riwajat (Fromulae and Traditions) which governed the irrigation system ever since the
Pashtun tribes moved into
Damaan. The British officers moved all these to writing during their Land Settlements in the later part of the nineteenth century. The Bolton Irrigation Notes of 1908 are still considered the Bible of Rod Kohi irrigation. Rod Koh is the main torrent bed which usually remains dry, when there is no flood, whereas
Zam Zam or ZAM or similar may refer to:
Places
*Zam, Burkina Faso, a town
**Zam Department
*Zam Rural District of Iran
*Zam, Hunedoara, a commune in Romania
*Zam (river), Hunedoara County, Romania
People
*ZAM-1, Australian artist and designer
*Che ...
means the flow of perennial water coming out of
springs.
The flood and perennial water of the
Zam Zam or ZAM or similar may refer to:
Places
*Zam, Burkina Faso, a town
**Zam Department
*Zam Rural District of Iran
*Zam, Hunedoara, a commune in Romania
*Zam (river), Hunedoara County, Romania
People
*ZAM-1, Australian artist and designer
*Che ...
is used for irrigation and drinking purpose. Zam water is classified into two categories: ''Buga Pani'' (flood water) and ''Kala Pani'' (perennial water).
Rod Koh (torrent-spate-irrigation) systems go back at least as early as 330 BC and provided economic basis for some of the early civilisations.
Alexander the Great, according to
Arrian
Arrian of Nicomedia (; Greek: ''Arrianos''; la, Lucius Flavius Arrianus; )
was a Greek historian, public servant, military commander and philosopher of the Roman period.
''The Anabasis of Alexander'' by Arrian is considered the best ...
, sailed down the river
Jhelum
Jhelum ( Punjabi and ur, ) is a city on the east bank of the Jhelum River, which is located in the district of Jhelum in the north of Punjab province, Pakistan. It is the 44th largest city of Pakistan by population. Jhelum is known for p ...
to its junction with
Indus River
The Indus ( ) is a transboundary river of Asia and a trans-Himalayan river of South and Central Asia. The river rises in mountain springs northeast of Mount Kailash in Western Tibet, flows northwest through the disputed region of Kashmir, ...
. His land forces marched in two bodies on either side of the river. They noticed some form of torrent agriculture although in a very poor state in a few locations of the
Sulaiman Sulaiman is an English transliteration of the Arabic name that means "peaceful" and corresponds to the Jewish name Hebrew: שְׁלֹמֹה, Shlomoh) and the English Solomon (/ˈsɒləmən/) . Solomon was the scriptural figure who was king of ...
piedmont. Heavy rains in the catchments, which extend up to
Balochistan region,
Afghanistan,
Sulaiman Range,
Shirani Hills and
Bhattani Range result in water rushing intotorrents in the foothill plains, named as Daman area, where torrent agriculture (Rod Kohi) is practised.
Rod-Kohi system development and management in Pakistan A National Project
/ref>
See also
* Zam System Zam system ( ur, زم) is a form of irrigation system in Pakistan. ''Zam'' means the flow of perennial water coming out of springs, whereas Rod Koh is the main torrent bed which remains usually dry, when there is no flood.
The flood and perennial ...
* Spring (hydrosphere)
A spring is a point of exit at which groundwater from an aquifer flows out on top of Earth's crust (pedosphere) and becomes surface water. It is a component of the hydrosphere. Springs have long been important for humans as a source of fresh ...
* Pakistan Agricultural Research Council
* Irrigation in alluvial fans#Khuzdar
* Spate irrigation
Surface irrigation is where water is applied and distributed over the soil surface by gravity. It is by far the most common form of irrigation throughout the world and has been practiced in many areas virtually unchanged for thousands of years.
S ...
References
{{Reflist
External links
Library on spate irrigation
Irrigation in Pakistan