Robuloidacea is a superfamily included in the
Protista
A protist () is any eukaryotic organism (that is, an organism whose cells contain a cell nucleus) that is not an animal, plant, or fungus. While it is likely that protists share a common ancestor (the last eukaryotic common ancestor), the excl ...
order
Lagenida
Lagenida is an order of benthic foraminiferal protists in which the tests (shells) are monolamellar, with walls composed of optically and ultra-structurally radiate calcite, with the crystallographic c-axes perpendicular to the surface. Lagenids ...
in which the test wall is either not secondarily lamellar or is only slightly so, as in later taxa.
The robuloidacea superfamily was named by
Frederick Reiss in 1963. It ranges stratigraphically from the Upper Silurian to the end of the Lower Cretaceous (Albian). Four families are recognized. They are the
Middle Permian
The Guadalupian is the second and middle series/epoch of the Permian. The Guadalupian was preceded by the Cisuralian and followed by the Lopingian. It is named after the Guadalupe Mountains of New Mexico and Texas, and dates between 272.95 ± 0. ...
Robuloididae, Lower to Upper Permian
Partisaniidae, Lower Permian to Lower Cretaceous
Ichthyolariidae and the Upper Silurian to Upper Permian
Syzraniidae. Some of the genera included in the Robuloidacea were previously included in the
Fusulinida
The Fusulinida is an extinct order within the Foraminifera in which the tests are traditionally considered to have been composed of microgranular calcite. Like all forams, they were single-celled organisms. In advanced forms the test wall was di ...
(
Parathuramminacea and
Endothyracea
The Endothyracea is a superfamily in the foraminiferal order, Fusulinida (or as often, suborder Fusulinina) known from the upper Devonian to the Lower Permian. Probably ancestral to the Fusulinacea. Alfred R. Loeblich Jr and Helen Tappan 1988. ...
) while others were found in the
Nodosariidae,
Nodosariacea
Nodosariacea is one of two superfamilies making up the foraminiferal order Lagenida. The other being the Robuloidacea. Of these two Nodosariacea is the more advanced, as well as being the younger.
Nodosariacea are characterized by planispirally c ...
.
References
*
* Loeblich & Tappan, 1988. Foraminiferal genera and their classificatio
{{Taxonbar, from=Q7353526
Foraminifera superfamilies