The name Robert is an ancient

Germanic given name Germanic languages, Germanic given names are traditionally wikt:dithematic, dithematic; that is, they are formed from two elements, by joining a prefix and a suffix. For example, Ethelred II of England, King Æþelred's name was derived from ', f ...

, from

Proto-Germanic Proto-Germanic (abbreviated PGmc; also called Common Germanic) is the reconstructed proto-language of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages. Proto-Germanic eventually developed from pre-Proto-Germanic into three Germanic branc ...

"fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare

Old Dutch In linguistics, Old Dutch (Dutch: Oudnederlands) or Old Low Franconian (Dutch: Oudnederfrankisch) is the set of Franconian dialects (i.e. dialects that evolved from Frankish) spoken in the Low Countries during the Early Middle Ages, from aroun ...

''Robrecht'' and

Old High German Old High German (OHG; german: Althochdeutsch (Ahd.)) is the earliest stage of the German language, conventionally covering the period from around 750 to 1050. There is no standardised or supra-regional form of German at this period, and Old High ...

''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory, honour, praise, renown" and ''

berht Bert is a hypocoristic form of a number of various Germanic male given names, such as Robert, Albert, Elbert, Herbert, Hilbert, Hubert, Gilbert, Wilbert, Filbert, Norbert, Osbert, Bertram, Berthold, Bertrand, Umberto, Humbert, Cuthbert, Delber ...

'' "bright, light, shining"). It is the second most frequently used given name of ancient Germanic origin. It is also in use as a surname. Another commonly used form of the name is Rupert. After becoming widely used in Continental Europe it entered England in its Old French form ''Robert'', where an

Old English Old English (, ), or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages. It was brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, Anglo ...

cognate form (''Hrēodbēorht'', ''Hrodberht'', ''Hrēodbēorð'', ''Hrœdbœrð'', ''Hrœdberð'', ''Hrōðberχtŕ'') had existed before the

Norman Conquest The Norman Conquest (or the Conquest) was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army made up of thousands of Norman, Breton, Flemish, and French troops, all led by the Duke of Normandy, later styled William the Conque ...

. The feminine version is

Roberta ''Roberta'' is a musical from 1933 with music by Jerome Kern, and lyrics and book by Otto Harbach. The musical is based on the novel ''Gowns by Roberta'' by Alice Duer Miller. It features the songs " Yesterdays", "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes", "Let ...

. The Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish form is

Roberto The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory, honou ...

. Robert is also a common name in many Germanic languages, including

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...

Dutch Dutch commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands * Dutch people () * Dutch language () Dutch may also refer to: Places * Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States * Pennsylvania Dutch Country People E ...

Norwegian Norwegian, Norwayan, or Norsk may refer to: *Something of, from, or related to Norway, a country in northwestern Europe *Norwegians, both a nation and an ethnic group native to Norway *Demographics of Norway *The Norwegian language, including the ...

Swedish Swedish or ' may refer to: Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically: * Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland ** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...

, Scots,

Danish Danish may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the country of Denmark People * A national or citizen of Denmark, also called a "Dane," see Demographics of Denmark * Culture of Denmark * Danish people or Danes, people with a Danish a ...

, and Icelandic. It can be used as a French, Polish, Irish, Finnish, Romanian, and Estonian name as well.

Variations

Popularity and trivia

The name ''Robert'' was a royal name in France, Germany, Scotland and England during the medieval period, and was the name of several kings, dukes, and other rulers and noblemen. It was one of the most popular male names in medieval Europe, likely due to its frequent usage amongst royalty and nobility. To this day, ''Robert'' remains one of the most frequently given male names. ''Robert'' was in the top 10 most given boys' names in the United States for 47 years, from 1925 to 1972. While some names become less frequently used due to negative associations, ''Robert'' is still widely used despite its connection to many negatively evaluated

historical figures A historical figure is a significant person in history. The significance of such figures in human progress has been debated. Some think they play a crucial role, while others say they have little impact on the broad currents of thought and social ...

. In Italy during the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

, the form of the name, Roberto, briefly acquired a new meaning derived from, and referring to the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis. The name's second component, ''*berhta-'', is the original root for the modern English word "bright".

People named Robert

Royalty

;Kings of Scotland *

Robert I of Scotland Robert I (11 July 1274 – 7 June 1329), popularly known as Robert the Bruce (Scottish Gaelic: ''Raibeart an Bruis''), was King of Scots from 1306 to his death in 1329. One of the most renowned warriors of his generation, Robert eventuall ...

(1274–1329) ("Robert the Bruce"), king and national hero of Scotland, legendary for his victory at the

Battle of Bannockburn The Battle of Bannockburn ( gd, Blàr Allt nam Bànag or ) fought on June 23–24, 1314, was a victory of the army of King of Scots Robert the Bruce over the army of King Edward II of England in the First War of Scottish Independence. It was ...

, one of the most prominent and skilled warriors of his time who freed Scotland from the English rule during the

Wars of Scottish Independence The Wars of Scottish Independence were a series of military campaigns fought between the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. The First War (1296–1328) began with the English invasion of ...

Robert II of Scotland Robert II (2 March 1316 – 19 April 1390) was King of Scots from 1371 to his death in 1390. The son of Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland, and Marjorie, daughter of King Robert the Bruce, he was the first monarch of the House of Stewa ...

(Robert Stewart) (1316–1390), one of the principal commanders at the

Battle of Halidon Hill The Battle of Halidon Hill took place on 19 July 1333 when a Scottish army under Sir Archibald Douglas attacked an English army commanded by King Edward III of England () and was heavily defeated. The year before, Edward Balliol had seized ...

Robert III of Scotland Robert III (c. 13374 April 1406), born John Stewart, was King of Scots from 1390 to his death in 1406. He was also High Steward of Scotland from 1371 to 1390 and held the titles of Earl of Atholl (1367–1390) and Earl of Carrick (1368– ...

(c. 1337/40–1406) ;Kings of France *

Robert I of France The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory, honou ...

(c.866–923) *

Robert II of France Robert II (c. 972 – 20 July 1031), called the Pious (french: link=no, le Pieux) or the Wise (french: link=no, le Sage), was King of the Franks from 996 to 1031, the second from the Capetian dynasty. Crowned Junior King in 987, he assisted his ...

(972–1031) ;King of Naples *

Robert of Naples Robert of Anjou ( it, Roberto d'Angiò), known as Robert the Wise ( it, Roberto il Saggio; 1276 – 20 January 1343), was King of Naples, titular King of Jerusalem and Count of Provence and Forcalquier from 1309 to 1343, the central figure of Ita ...

(1276–1343) ;King of Germany * Robert of Germany (Rupertus, Rex Romanorum) (1352–1410) ;King of Hungary and Croatia * Charles I Robert (1288–1342) ;King of Bulgaria * Robert of Bulgaria,

Tsar Tsar ( or ), also spelled ''czar'', ''tzar'', or ''csar'', is a title used by East Slavs, East and South Slavs, South Slavic monarchs. The term is derived from the Latin word ''Caesar (title), caesar'', which was intended to mean "emperor" i ...

of the

Kingdom of Bulgaria The Tsardom of Bulgaria ( bg, Царство България, translit=Tsarstvo Balgariya), also referred to as the Third Bulgarian Tsardom ( bg, Трето Българско Царство, translit=Treto Balgarsko Tsarstvo, links=no), someti ...

(1894–1943), one of the principal commanders of

European theatre of World War II The European theatre of World War II was one of the two main Theater (warfare), theatres of combat during World War II. It saw heavy fighting across Europe for almost six years, starting with Nazi Germany, Germany's invasion of Poland on 1 Sept ...

;Dukes of Normandy *

Robert I, Duke of Normandy Robert the Magnificent (french: le Magnifique;He was also, although erroneously, said to have been called 'Robert the Devil' (french: le Diable). Robert I was never known by the nickname 'the devil' in his lifetime. 'Robert the Devil' was a fic ...

(1000–1035), also known as Robert the Magnificent or Robert the Devil; father of William the Conqueror *

Robert Curthose Robert Curthose, or Robert II of Normandy ( 1051 – 3 February 1134, french: Robert Courteheuse / Robert II de Normandie), was the eldest son of William the Conqueror and succeeded his father as Duke of Normandy in 1087, reigning until 1106. ...

(c.1051–1134, son of William the Conqueror, claimant to throne of Kingdom of England. ;Duke of Chartres *

Prince Robert, Duke of Chartres Prince Robert, Duke of Chartres (Robert Philippe Louis Eugène Ferdinand; 9 November 1840 – 5 December 1910), was the son of Prince Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans, and thus grandson of King Louis-Philippe of France. He fought for the Unio ...

, Crown Prince of France (1840–1910) ;Duke of Parma *

Robert I, Duke of Parma Robert I (Italian: ''Roberto Carlo Luigi Maria''; 9 July 1848 – 16 November 1907) was the last sovereign Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1854 until 1859, when the duchy was annexed to Sardinia-Piedmont during the ''Risorgimento''. He was a m ...

(1848–1907) ;Count of Flanders *

Robert I, Count of Flanders Robert I ( – 13 October 1093), known as ''Robert the Frisian'', was count of Flanders from 1071 to his death in 1093. He was a son of Baldwin V, Count of Flanders and the younger brother of Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders. He usurped the countsh ...

(c.1035–1093) *

Robert II, Count of Flanders Robert II, Count of Flanders (c. 1065 – 5 October 1111) was Count of Flanders from 1093 to 1111. He became known as Robert of Jerusalem (''Robertus Hierosolimitanus'') or Robert the Crusader after his exploits in the First Crusade. Early li ...

(c.1065–1111). ;Crown Prince of Bavaria * Robert I, crown prince of Bavaria (1869–1955), also known as Prince Rupprecht, last heir apparent to the Bavarian throne. ;Latin Emperor and Emperor of Constantinople *

Robert I, Latin Emperor Robert I, also Robert of Courtenay (died 1228), Latin Emperor of Constantinople, was a younger son of the emperor Peter II of Courtenay, and Yolanda of Flanders. When it became known in France that Peter of Courtenay was dead, his eldest son, Phil ...

(d. 1228), Emperor of the Latin Empire and Constantinopole ;Duke of Sicily and Prince of Benevento *

Robert Guiscard Robert Guiscard (; Modern ; – 17 July 1085) was a Norman adventurer remembered for the conquest of southern Italy and Sicily. Robert was born into the Hauteville family in Normandy, went on to become count and then duke of Apulia and Calabri ...

(c. 1015–1085), Norman nobleman, adventurer and explorer, leader of the conquest of southern Italy and Sicily

Medieval figures

Robert III of Artois Robert III of Artois (1287 – between 6 October & 20 November 1342) was Lord of Conches-en-Ouche, of Domfront, and of Mehun-sur-Yèvre, and in 1309 he received as appanage the county of Beaumont-le-Roger in restitution for the County of Artois ...

(1287–1342), Lord of Conches-en-Ouche, of Domfront, and of Mehun-sur-Yèvre, Earl of Richmond. *

Robert of Bellême, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury Robert de Bellême ( – after 1130), seigneur de Bellême (or Belèsme), seigneur de Montgomery, viscount of the Hiémois, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury and Count of Ponthieu, was an Anglo-Norman nobleman, and one of the most prominent figures in th ...

, Anglo-Norman nobleman, and one of the most prominent figures in the competition for the succession to England and Normandy, member of the

House of Bellême House of Bellême also referred to as the Family of Bellême was an important seigneurial family during the 10th through the 12th centuries. Members of this family held the important castles of Bellême, Alençon, Domfront and Sées as well a ...

Robert de Craon Robert de Craon or Robert Burgundio (died 13 January 1147) was the second Grand Master of the Knights Templar from June 1136 until his death. He was instrumental in getting papal sanction for the Templar Order, making it independent from ecclesia ...

(died 1147), the second Grand Master of the

Knights Templar , colors = White mantle with a red cross , colors_label = Attire , march = , mascot = Two knights riding a single horse , equipment ...

from June 1136 until his death. *

Robert de Juilly Robert de Juilly or Robert de Juliac (died 27 July 1377) was the Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller from 1374 to his death. He was succeeded by the famous Juan Fernández de Heredia Juan Fernández de Heredia (in Aragonese ''Johan Ferr ...

(died 1377), Grand Master of the

Knights Hospitaller The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem ( la, Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani), commonly known as the Knights Hospitaller (), was a medieval and early modern Catholic Church, Catholic Military ord ...

from 1374 to his death *

Robert IV of Sablé Robert IV de Sablé (1150 − 23 September 1193) was Lord of Sablé, the eleventh Grand Master of the Knights Templar from 1191 to 1192 and Lord of Cyprus from 1191 to 1192. He was known of as the Grand Master of the Knights Templars and the Gr ...

(1150–1193), eleventh

Grand Master of the Knights Templar The grand master of the Knights Templar was the supreme commander of the holy order, starting with founder Hugues de Payens in 1118. Some held the office for life while others resigned life in monasteries or diplomacy. Grand masters often led ...

from 1191 to 1192 and Lord of Cyprus from 1191 to 1192.

Folk heroes

* Robert Huntington, known as

Robin Hood Robin Hood is a legendary heroic outlaw originally depicted in English folklore and subsequently featured in literature and film. According to legend, he was a highly skilled archer and swordsman. In some versions of the legend, he is depic ...

, legendary heroic outlaw and nobleman originally depicted in English folklore, highly skilled archer and swordsman, sometimes regarded as a national hero of England *

Robert Roy Macgregor Robert Roy MacGregor ( gd, Raibeart Ruadh MacGriogair; 7 March 1671 – 28 December 1734) was a Scottish outlaw, who later became a folk hero. Early life Rob Roy was born in the Kingdom of Scotland at Glengyle, at the head of Loch Katrine, a ...

(1671–1734), Scottish outlaw and national hero

Nobility

Robert Benson, 1st Baron Bingley Robert Benson, 1st Baron Bingley, (c. 16769 April 1731), of Red Hall, near Wakefield, Bramham Hall, Yorkshire and Queen Street, Westminster was an England, English Tory politician who sat in the English House of Commons, English and House of Comm ...

Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey KG (16 December 1582 – 24 October 1642) was an English peer, soldier and courtier. Early life Robert Bertie was the son of Peregrine Bertie, 13th Baron Willoughby de Eresby (b. 12 October 1555 – d. 25 Ju ...

Robert Bruce, 1st Earl of Ailesbury Robert Bruce, 1st Earl of Ailesbury (later styled Aylesbury) and 2nd Earl of Elgin, PC, FRS (ca. March 1626 – 20 October 1685), was a Scottish politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1660 to 1663, when he inherited his father's ti ...

Robert Carey, 1st Earl of Monmouth Robert Carey, 1st Earl of Monmouth (ca. 1560 – 12 April 1639) (or "Cary") was an English nobleman and courtier. He was the youngest son of Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon, chamberlain and first cousin of Queen Elizabeth I, and Anne Morgan, daug ...

Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset (c. 158717 July 1645), was a politician, and favourite of King James VI and I. Background Robert Kerr was born in Wrington, Somerset, England, the younger son of Sir Thomas Kerr (Carr) of Ferniehurst, Scot ...

Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood, (14 September 1864 – 24 November 1958), known as Lord Robert Cecil from 1868 to 1923,As the younger son of a Marquess, Cecil held the courtesy title of "Lord". However, he ...

, British lawyer, politician and diplomat, one of the architects of the

League of Nations The League of Nations (french: link=no, Société des Nations ) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference that ...

; *

Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, (1 June 156324 May 1612), was an English statesman noted for his direction of the government during the Union of the Crowns, as Tudor England gave way to Stuart period, Stuart rule (1603). Lord Salisbury s ...

Sir Robert Dashwood, 1st Baronet Sir Robert Dashwood, 1st Baronet (1662–1734) was an English politician. Life The son of George Dashwood, a London merchant, and Margaret Perry, he was a first cousin of Sir Samuel Dashwood and Sir Francis Dashwood, 1st Baronet (the fortunes ...

, English politician *

Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, KG, PC (; 10 November 1565 – 25 February 1601) was an English nobleman and a favourite of Queen Elizabeth I. Politically ambitious, and a committed general, he was placed under house arrest following a ...

, English nobleman and military commander *

Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, (24 June 1532 – 4 September 1588) was an English statesman and the favourite of Elizabeth I from her accession until his death. He was a suitor for the queen's hand for many years. Dudley's youth was ov ...

, British statesman and military commander, governor-general of British Empire *

Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, KB, PC (; 11 January 1591 – 14 September 1646) was an English Parliamentarian and soldier during the first half of the 17th century. With the start of the Civil War in 1642, he became the first Captain ...

, British nobleman and military leader in

English Civil War The English Civil War (1642–1651) was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Parliamentarians (" Roundheads") and Royalists led by Charles I ("Cavaliers"), mainly over the manner of England's governance and issues of re ...

and

Roundhead Roundheads were the supporters of the Parliament of England during the English Civil War (1642–1651). Also known as Parliamentarians, they fought against King Charles I of England and his supporters, known as the Cavaliers or Royalists, who ...

Robert Finlay, 1st Viscount Finlay Robert Bannatyne Finlay, 1st Viscount Finlay, (11 July 1842 – 9 March 1929), known as Sir Robert Finlay from 1895 to 1916, initially formally qualified as a doctor, was a British barrister and politician, and Lord High Chancellor of Gre ...

Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain The lord chancellor, formally the lord high chancellor of Great Britain, is the highest-ranking traditional minister among the Great Officers of State in Scotland and England in the United Kingdom, nominally outranking the prime minister. The ...

Sir Robert Gordon, 1st Baronet Sir Robert Gordon of Gordonstoun (14 May 1580 – 1656) was a Scottish politician and courtier, known as the historian of the noble house of Sutherland. Early life Born at Dunrobin Castle, Golspie, Sutherland, on 14 May 1580, he was the fourth ...

, Scottish politician and courtier *

Robert Greville, 2nd Baron Brooke Robert Greville, 2nd Baron Brooke (May 1607 – 4 March 1643) was a radical Puritan activist and leading member of the opposition to Charles I of England prior to the outbreak of the First English Civil War in August 1642. Appointed Roundhead, Pa ...

, English Baron, military commander and

general * Robert Harley, British statesman and

Master of the Mint Master of the Mint is a title within the Royal Mint given to the most senior person responsible for its operation. It was an important office in the governments of Scotland and England, and later Great Britain and then the United Kingdom, between ...

Robert Henley, 1st Earl of Northington Robert Henley, 1st Earl of Northington, PC (c. 1708 – 14 January 1772), was the Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain. He was a member of the Whig Party in the parliament and was known for his wit and writing. Family Born the second son of ...

Robert Herbert, 12th Earl of Pembroke Robert Henry Herbert, 12th Earl of Pembroke and 9th Earl of Montgomery (19 September 1791 – 25 April 1862) was a British nobleman and peer. He was in line for great estates and position as head of the distinguished Herbert family and heir to ...

Sir Robert Inglis, 2nd Baronet Sir Robert Harry Inglis, 2nd Baronet, FRS (12 January 1786 – 5 May 1855) was an English Conservative politician, noted for his staunch high church views. Family He was the son of Sir Hugh Inglis, a minor politician and MP for Ashburton ( ...

, English Conservative politician; *

Robert Kerr, 1st Earl of Ancram Robert Kerr, 1st Earl of Ancram (c. 1578–1654), was a Scottish nobleman, politician and writer.Chambers, Robert (1840)A biographical dictionary of eminent Scotsmen Volume 3, Blackie and Son, pp 315-6. Biography He descended from a third son ...

Robert Kerr, 1st Marquess of Lothian Robert Kerr, 1st Marquess of Lothian (8 March 1636 – 15 February 1703), known as the 4th Earl of Lothian from 1675 to 1701, was a Scottish nobleman. He was styled Lord Kerr until 1661 and Lord Newbattle from 1661 to 1675. The eldest son of Wi ...

Sir Robert Kingsmill, 1st Baronet Sir Robert Brice Kingsmill, 1st Baronet (1730 – 23 November 1805) was an officer of the Royal Navy who served during the Seven Years' War, the American War of Independence and the French Revolutionary Wars, French Revolutionary and Napoleo ...

, Royal navy officer *

Robert III de La Marck Robert III de La Marck (1491, Sedan, Ardennes – 1537), ''Seigneur'' of Fleuranges, was a Marshal of France and historian. Self-styled "The Young Adventurer," he was one of Francis I's close companions in the last years of Louis XII's life, and re ...

, ''Seigneur'' of

Fleuranges Fleuranges may refer to: * Robert III de La Marck, son of the seigneur of Fleuranges * Florange Florange (; Lorraine Franconian: ''Fléischengen''/''Fléschéngen''; ) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. ...

Marshal of France Marshal of France (french: Maréchal de France, plural ') is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1 ...

Robert Maxwell, 1st Earl of Nithsdale Robert Maxwell, 1st Earl of Nithsdale (after 1586 – May 1646), was a Scottish nobleman. He succeeded his brother as 10th Lord Maxwell in 1613, and was created Earl of Nithsdale in 1620. General of Scots in Danish-Norwegian service during the ...

, Scottish nobleman and military commander *

Robert Maxwell, 5th Lord Maxwell Robert Maxwell, 5th Lord Maxwell (1493 – 9 July 1546) was a member of the Council of Regency (1536) of the Kingdom of Scotland, Regent of the Isle of Arran and like his father before him patriarch of the House of Maxwell/Clan Maxwell. A distingui ...

, Scottish soldier and nobleman, member of the Council of Regency of the Kingdom of Scotland, Regent of the Isle of Arran, patriarch of the House of Maxwell/

Clan Maxwell Clan Maxwell is a Scottish clan of the Scottish Lowlands and is recognized as such by the Lord Lyon King of Arms.Way, George and Squire, Romily. ''Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia''. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Conv ...

Robert Paston, 1st Earl of Yarmouth Robert Paston, 1st Earl of Yarmouth, FRS (29 May 1631 – 8 March 1683) was an English scientist and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1660 and 1673 when he was created Viscount Yarmouth. He was created Earl of Yarmouth in 1679 ...

Sir Robert Peel, 1st Baronet Sir Robert Peel, 1st Baronet (25 April 1750 – 3 May 1830) was a British politician and industrialist and one of early textile manufacturers of the Industrial Revolution. He is one of ten known British millionaires in 1799. He was the father ...

, British politician and industrialist and one of early textile manufacturers of the

Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States, that occurred during the period from around 1760 to about 1820–1840. This transition included going f ...

, father of Sir

Robert Peel Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet, (5 February 1788 – 2 July 1850) was a British Conservative statesman who served twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1834–1835 and 1841–1846) simultaneously serving as Chancellor of the Exchequer ...

, twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom *

Robert Pierrepont, 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull Robert Pierrepont, 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull (6 August 158425 July 1643) was an English nobleman who joined the Royalist side in the English Civil War after some delay and became lieutenant-general of the counties of Lincoln, Rutland, Hunt ...

Robert Raymond, 1st Baron Raymond Robert Raymond, 1st Baron Raymond, (20 December 167318 March 1733) was a British judge and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1710 and 1724. Life Raymond was the son of the judge Sir Thomas Raymond. He was educated at Eton an ...

Robert Reid, 1st Earl Loreburn Robert Threshie Reid, 1st Earl Loreburn, (3 April 1846 – 30 November 1923) was a British lawyer, judge and radical Liberal politician. He served as Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain between 1905 and 1912. Background and education Born in ...

Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick (5 June 158719 April 1658), Lord of the Manor of Hunningham,Hunningham, in A History of the County of Warwick: Vol. 6, Knightlow Hundred, ed. L F Salzman (London, 1951), pp. 117–120. was an English colonial adm ...

Robert Rolfe, 1st Baron Cranworth Robert Monsey Rolfe, 1st Baron Cranworth, PC (18 December 1790 – 26 July 1868) was a British lawyer and Liberal politician. He twice served as Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain. Background and education Born at Cranworth, Norfolk, he was ...

* Lord

Robert Walpole, 2nd Earl of Orford Robert Walpole, 2nd Earl of Orford, KB (1701 – 31 March 1751), was a British peer and politician, styled Lord Walpole from 1723 to 1745. Origins He was the eldest son of Sir Robert Walpole (1676–1745), the King's First Minister, now re ...

, British peer and politician *

Robert Windsor-Clive, 1st Earl of Plymouth Robert George Windsor-Clive, 1st Earl of Plymouth, (27 August 1857 – 6 March 1923), known as the 14th Baron Windsor between 1869 and 1905, was a British nobleman and Conservative politician. He was the founding President of the London Socie ...

, British nobleman and Conservative politician *

Robert Stewart, 1st Marquess of Londonderry Robert Stewart, 1st Marquess of Londonderry PC (Ire) (1739–1821), was a County Down landowner, Irish Volunteer, and member of the parliament who, exceptionally for an Ulster Scot and Presbyterian, rose within the ranks of Ireland's "Angli ...

Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh Robert Stewart, 2nd Marquess of Londonderry, (18 June 1769 – 12 August 1822), usually known as Lord Castlereagh, derived from the courtesy title Viscount Castlereagh ( ) by which he was styled from 1796 to 1821, was an Anglo-Irish politician ...

, Irish/British statesman, and British

Foreign Secretary The secretary of state for foreign, Commonwealth and development affairs, known as the foreign secretary, is a minister of the Crown of the Government of the United Kingdom and head of the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. Seen as ...

Religious figures and saints

* Saint

Robert Bellarmine Robert Bellarmine, SJ ( it, Roberto Francesco Romolo Bellarmino; 4 October 1542 – 17 September 1621) was an Italian Jesuit and a cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was canonized a saint in 1930 and named Doctor of the Church, one of only ...

(died in 1621), Jesuit

Doctor of the Church Doctor of the Church (Latin: ''doctor'' "teacher"), also referred to as Doctor of the Universal Church (Latin: ''Doctor Ecclesiae Universalis''), is a title given by the Catholic Church to saints recognized as having made a significant contribu ...

, one of the leaders of

Roman Inquisition The Roman Inquisition, formally the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition, was a system of partisan tribunals developed by the Holy See of the Roman Catholic Church, during the second half of the 16th century, respons ...

and

Galileo affair The Galileo affair ( it, il processo a Galileo Galilei) began around 1610 and culminated with the trial and condemnation of Galileo Galilei by the Roman Catholic Inquisition in 1633. Galileo was prosecuted for his support of heliocentrism, the ...

* Saint

Robert of Bury Saint Robert of Bury (died 1181) was an English boy, allegedly murdered and found in the town of Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk in 1181. His death, which occurred at a time of rising antisemitism, was blamed on local Jews.Patricia Skinner ''The Jews ...

(died 1181) *

Robert Holman Robert Holman (1952 – 3 December 2021) was a British dramatist whose work has been produced by the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) and the Royal Court Theatre, as well as in the West End theatre, West End and elsewhere, since the 1970s. He was ...

, 36th

Abbot Abbot is an ecclesiastical title given to the male head of a monastery in various Western religious traditions, including Christianity. The office may also be given as an honorary title to a clergyman who is not the head of a monastery. The fem ...

Ten Duinen Abbey Ten Duinen Abbey or the Abbey of the Dunes ( nl, Abdij Ten Duinen) was a Cistercian monastery at Koksijde in what is now Belgium. It was one of the richest and most influential religious institutions in the medieval County of Flanders. It later rel ...

* Saint

Robert of Molesme Robert of Molesme (1028 – 17 April 1111) was an abbot, one of the founders of the Cistercian Order and is honored as a Christian saint. Life Robert was born about 1029 near Troyes, a younger son of Thierry and Ermengarde, nobles of Cham ...

(d. 1111), founder of the

Cistercian Order The Cistercians, () officially the Order of Cistercians ( la, (Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint B ...

* Saint

Robert of Newminster Robert of Newminster ( c. 1100–1159) was a priest, abbot, and a saint of the Catholic Church. He was born in Gargrave in Yorkshire, England. He was one of the monks who founded Fountains Abbey and is named from the abbey he founded in Morp ...

(d. 1159), established the Abbey of Newminster at Morpeth, Northumberland *

Roberto de Nobili Roberto de Nobili (1577 – 16 January 1656) was an Italian Jesuit missionary to Southern India. He used a novel method of adaptation ( accommodatio) to preach Christianity, adopting many local customs of India which were, in his view, not con ...

(1577–1656), Italian Jesuit missionary to Southern India *

Roberto de' Nobili Roberto de Nobili (1577 – 16 January 1656) was an Italian Jesuit missionary to Southern India. He used a novel method of adaptation ( accommodatio) to preach Christianity, adopting many local customs of India which were, in his view, not con ...

(1541–1559),

Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...

cardinal Cardinal or The Cardinal may refer to: Animals * Cardinal (bird) or Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds **''Cardinalis'', genus of cardinal in the family Cardinalidae **''Cardinalis cardinalis'', or northern cardinal, the ...

Robert de Sorbon Robert de Sorbon (; 9 October 1201 – 15 August 1274) was a French theologian, the chaplain of Louis IX of France, and founder of the Sorbonne college in Paris. Biography Born into a poor family in Sorbon, in what is now the Ardennes ''dépa ...

(1201–1274), French theologian and founder of

College of Sorbonne The College of Sorbonne (french: Collège de Sorbonne) was a theological college of the University of Paris, founded in 1253 (confirmed in 1257) by Robert de Sorbon (1201–1274), after whom it was named. With the rest of the Paris colleges, ...

* Saint

Robert de Turlande Robert de Turlande (c. 1000 - 17 April 1067) was a French Roman Catholic priest and professed member of the Order of Saint Benedict. He was of noble stock and was also related to Saint Gerald of Aurillac. He is best known for the establishment ...

(d. 1067), founding abbot of the Abbey of Casa Dei, also called

Chaise-Dieu La Chaise-Dieu (; Auvergnat: ''La Chasa Dieu'') is a commune in the Haute-Loire department in south-central France. Its inhabitants are called ''Casadéens'', from the Latin name of the city. Geography La Chaise-Dieu occupies a 1082 m butte w ...

Presidents and prime ministers

;British Prime Ministers * Lord

Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (; 3 February 183022 August 1903) was a British statesman and Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom three times for a total of over thirteen y ...

, British statesman, serving as Prime Minister three times for a total *

Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer, KG PC FRS (5 December 1661 – 21 May 1724) was an English statesman and peer of the late Stuart and early Georgian periods. He began his career as a Whig, before defecting to a new Tory ...

Lord High Treasurer The post of Lord High Treasurer or Lord Treasurer was an English government position and has been a British government position since the Acts of Union of 1707. A holder of the post would be the third-highest-ranked Great Officer of State in ...

of the British Empire, sometimes regarded as the first Prime Minister of Great Britain *

Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool Robert Banks Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool, (7 June 1770 – 4 December 1828) was a British Tory statesman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1812 to 1827. He held many important cabinet offices such as Foreign Secret ...

, British statesman and

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern pr ...

from 1812 to 1827,

Secretary of State for War and the Colonies The Secretary of State for War and the Colonies was a British cabinet-level position responsible for the army and the British colonies (other than India). The Secretary was supported by an Under-Secretary of State for War and the Colonies. Hist ...

* Sir

, British statesman who served as

, father of modern

British policing Law enforcement in the United Kingdom is organised separately in each of the legal systems of the United Kingdom: England and Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland. Most law enforcement is carried out by police, police officers serving in regi ...

, leader of

Peelite The Peelites were a breakaway dissident political faction of the British Conservative Party from 1846 to 1859. Initially led by Robert Peel, the former Prime Minister and Conservative Party leader in 1846, the Peelites supported free trade whilst ...

, founder of Conservative Party of United Kingdom and the

Metropolitan Police Service The Metropolitan Police Service (MPS), formerly and still commonly known as the Metropolitan Police (and informally as the Met Police, the Met, Scotland Yard, or the Yard), is the territorial police force responsible for law enforcement and ...

* Sir

Robert Walpole Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, (26 August 1676 – 18 March 1745; known between 1725 and 1742 as Sir Robert Walpole) was a British statesman and Whig politician who, as First Lord of the Treasury, Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Leader ...

, British statesman who served as the first

Prime Minister of Great Britain The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern pri ...

;Australian Prime Ministers * Robert "Bob" Hawke, Australian politician who served as Prime Minister of

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

and Leader of the Labor Party * Sir

Robert Menzies The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of ''Hrōþ, Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory ...

, Australian politician who twice served as

Prime Minister of Australia The prime minister of Australia is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Australia. The prime minister heads the executive branch of the Australian Government, federal government of Australia and is also accountable to Parliament of A ...

, in office from 1939 to 1941 and again from 1949 to 1966 ;Presidents and Prime Ministers from North America * Sir

Robert Borden Sir Robert Laird Borden (June 26, 1854 – June 10, 1937) was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the eighth prime minister of Canada from 1911 to 1920. He is best known for his leadership of Canada during World War I. Borde ...

, Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the eighth

prime minister of Canada The prime minister of Canada (french: premier ministre du Canada, link=no) is the head of government of Canada. Under the Westminster system, the prime minister governs with the Confidence and supply, confidence of a majority the elected Hou ...

Robert F. Kennedy Robert Francis Kennedy (November 20, 1925June 6, 1968), also known by his initials RFK and by the nickname Bobby, was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 64th United States Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964, ...

, American politician and lawyer who served as the 64th

United States Attorney General The United States attorney general (AG) is the head of the United States Department of Justice, and is the chief law enforcement officer of the federal government of the United States. The attorney general serves as the principal advisor to the p ...

, United States

Senator A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...

for New York, brother of the U.S. president

John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK and the nickname Jack, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination i ...

;Presidents and Prime Ministers from Asia / Oceania *

Robert Kocharyan Robert Sedraki Kocharyan ( hy, Ռոբերտ Սեդրակի Քոչարյան ; born 31 August 1954) is an Armenian politician. He served as the President of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic from 1994 to 1997 and Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh from ...

, Armenian politician who served as the first president of

Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Artsakh, officially the Republic of Artsakh () or the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (),, is a list of states with limited recognition, breakaway state in the South Caucasus whose territory is internationally recognised as part of Azerbaijan ...

and the second

president President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...

Armenia Armenia (), , group=pron officially the Republic of Armenia,, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of Western Asia.The UNbr>classification of world regions places Armenia in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook , , and ''Ox ...

between 1998 and 2008 *

Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton Edward Robert Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton, (8 November 183124 November 1891) was an English statesman, Conservative politician and poet who used the pseudonym Owen Meredith. He served as Viceroy of India between 1876 and 1880durin ...

, English statesman,

Conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization i ...

politician, and poet, who served as

Viceroy of India The Governor-General of India (1773–1950, from 1858 to 1947 the Viceroy and Governor-General of India, commonly shortened to Viceroy of India) was the representative of the monarch of the United Kingdom and after Indian independence in 19 ...

(Governor-General) between 1876 and 1880 and

British Ambassador to France The British Ambassador to France is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in France, and is the head of Britain's diplomatic mission in Paris. The official title is ''His Majesty's Ambassador to France''. Traditionally, the ...

from 1887 to 1891 * Sir

Robert Stout Sir Robert Stout (28 September 1844 – 19 July 1930) was a New Zealand politician who was the 13th premier of New Zealand on two occasions in the late 19th century, and later Chief Justice of New Zealand. He was the only person to hold both ...

, New Zealand politician who served as 13th

Prime Minister of New Zealand The prime minister of New Zealand ( mi, Te pirimia o Aotearoa) is the head of government of New Zealand. The prime minister, Jacinda Ardern, leader of the New Zealand Labour Party, took office on 26 October 2017. The prime minister (inform ...

on two occasions in the 19th century, and later

Chief Justice of New Zealand The chief justice of New Zealand ( mi, Te Kaiwhakawā Tumuaki o Aotearoa) is the head of the New Zealand judiciary, and presides over the Supreme Court of New Zealand. The chief justice of New Zealand is also the chief justice of Tokelau. Befo ...

;Presidents and Prime Ministers from Europe *

Robert Abela Robert Abela (born 7 December 1977) is a Maltese lawyer and politician who has served as prime minister of Malta and leader of Labour Party since 2020. The son of former President George Abela, he was elected to Parliament in 2017. Abela was s ...

, Maltese lawyer and politician, currently serving as the 14th prime minister of

Malta Malta ( , , ), officially the Republic of Malta ( mt, Repubblika ta' Malta ), is an island country in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of an archipelago, between Italy and Libya, and is often considered a part of Southern Europe. It lies ...

Robert Fico Robert Fico (; born 15 September 1964) is a Slovak politician who served as the prime minister of Slovakia from 2006 to 2010 and from 2012 to 2018 (when he resigned). He has been the first leader of the Direction – Social Democracy (SMER-SD) p ...

, Slovak politician who served as

Prime Minister of Slovakia The prime minister of Slovakia, officially the Chairman of the government of the Slovak Republic ( Slovak: ''Predseda vlády Slovenskej republiky''), commonly referred to in Slovakia as ''Predseda vlády'' or informally as ''Premiér'', is the ...

from 2012 to 2018 *

Robert Haab Robert Haab (8 August 1865 – 15 October 1939) was a Swiss politician. He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 13 December 1917 and handed over office on 31 December 1929. He was affiliated to the Free Democratic Party of Switzerland, Fr ...

, Swiss politician and

President of Switzerland The president of the Swiss Confederation, also known as the president of the Confederation or colloquially as the president of Switzerland, is the head of Switzerland's seven-member Federal Council, the country's executive branch. Elected by t ...

Robert Schuman Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Robert Schuman (; 29 June 18864 September 1963) was a Luxembourg-born French statesman. Schuman was a Christian Democrat (Popular Republican Movement) political thinker and activist. Twice Prime Minister of France, a ref ...

, Luxembourg-born French statesman,

Christian Democrat Christian democracy (sometimes named Centrist democracy) is a political ideology that emerged in 19th-century Europe under the influence of Catholic social teaching and neo-Calvinism. It was conceived as a combination of modern democratic ...

, activist,

Prime Minister of France The prime minister of France (french: link=no, Premier ministre français), officially the prime minister of the French Republic, is the head of government of the French Republic and the leader of the Council of Ministers. The prime minister ...

, a reformist Minister of Finance and a Foreign Minister, one of the founders of the

European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been des ...

, the

Council of Europe The Council of Europe (CoE; french: Conseil de l'Europe, ) is an international organisation founded in the wake of World War II to uphold European Convention on Human Rights, human rights, democracy and the Law in Europe, rule of law in Europe. ...

and

NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...

; *

Robert Themptander Oscar Robert Themptander (14 February 1844 – 30 January 1897) was a Swedish politician and public official who was Prime Minister of Sweden from 1884 to 1888 during the reign of King Oscar II, and Governor of Stockholm County from 1888 to 189 ...

, Swedish politician and public official who served as

Prime Minister of Sweden The prime minister ( sv, statsminister ; literally translating to "Minister of State") is the head of government of Sweden. The prime minister and their cabinet (the government) exercise executive authority in the Kingdom of Sweden and are subj ...

from 1884 to 1888 ;Presidents and Prime Ministers from Central / South America *

Roberto Micheletti Roberto Micheletti Baín (born 13 August 1943) is a Honduran politician who served as the interim ''de facto'' president of Honduras from 28 June 2009 to 27 January 2010 as a result of the 2009 Honduran coup d'état. The Honduran military ou ...

, Honduran politician who served as the president of

Honduras Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America. The republic of Honduras is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Oce ...

following the

2009 Honduran coup d'état The 2009 Honduran coup d'état, part of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis, occurred when the Honduran Army on 28 June 2009 followed orders from the Honduran Supreme Court to oust President Manuel Zelaya and send him into exile. Zelaya h ...

Roberto María Ortiz Jaime Gerardo Roberto Marcelino María Ortiz Lizardi (24 September 1886 – 15 July 1942) was the 19th President of Argentina from 20 February 1938 to 27 June 1942. Ortiz is a little remembered president. He became president in 1938 follow ...

, 19th president of

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...

during the

Infamous Decade The Infamous Decade () was a period in Argentinian history that began with the 1930 coup d'état against President Hipólito Yrigoyen. This decade was marked on one hand by significant rural exodus, with many small rural landowners ruined by ...

Roberto Suazo Córdova Roberto Suazo Córdova (17 March 1927 – 22 December 2018) was the President of Honduras from 1982 until 1986. Suazo Córdova died on 22 December 2018 following an ulcer surgical operation at the age of 91. Presidency In 1981, Suazo Córdova ...

, 29th President of

Roberto Sánchez Vilella Roberto Sánchez Vilella (19 February 1913 – 24 March 1997) was the governor of Puerto Rico from 1965 to 1969. Sánchez Vilella successfully ran for governor in the 1964 elections for the ''Popular Democratic Party of Puerto Rico, Partido Po ...

Governor of Puerto Rico The governor of Puerto Rico ( es, gobernador de Puerto Rico) is the head of government of the Commonwealth (U.S. insular area), Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and commander-in-chief of the Puerto Rico National Guard. The governor has a duty ...

Head of State A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and l ...

and

Head of Government The head of government is the highest or the second-highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, a gro ...

of Puerto Rico

Dictators

* Baron

Robert Clive Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, (29 September 1725 – 22 November 1774), also known as Clive of India, was the first British Governor of the Bengal Presidency. Clive has been widely credited for laying the foundation of the British ...

(1725–1774),

British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. ** Britishness, the British identity and common culture * British English, ...

army officer and

privateer A privateer is a private person or ship that engages in maritime warfare under a commission of war. Since robbery under arms was a common aspect of seaborne trade, until the early 19th century all merchant ships carried arms. A sovereign or deleg ...

who established the military and political supremacy of the

East India Company The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (the Indian subcontinent and Southea ...

Bengal Bengal ( ; bn, বাংলা/বঙ্গ, translit=Bānglā/Bôngô, ) is a geopolitical, cultural and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal, predom ...

, served as the Commander-in-Chief of British India *

Robert Mugabe Robert Gabriel Mugabe (; ; 21 February 1924 – 6 September 2019) was a Zimbabwean revolutionary and politician who served as Prime Minister of Zimbabwe from 1980 to 1987 and then as President from 1987 to 2017. He served as Leader of the ...

(1924–2019), former

Zimbabwean Zimbabwe (), officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in Southeast Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the south-west, Zambia to the north, and Moza ...

politician and revolutionary, Prime Minister of Zimbabwe from 1980 to 1987 and President (Dictator) from 1987 to 2017

Secretaries of Defense

Robert Gates Robert Michael Gates (born September 25, 1943) is an American intelligence analyst and university president who served as the 22nd United States secretary of defense from 2006 to 2011. He was originally appointed by president George W. Bush an ...

(1943), American statesman, scholar, intelligence analyst, and university president who served as the director of

Central Intelligence Agency The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA ), known informally as the Agency and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States, officially tasked with gathering, processing, ...

(CIA),

Director of Central Intelligence The director of central intelligence (DCI) was the head of the American Central Intelligence Agency from 1946 to 2005, acting as the principal intelligence advisor to the president of the United States and the United States National Security C ...

and 22nd

United States Secretary of Defense The United States secretary of defense (SecDef) is the head of the United States Department of Defense, the executive department of the U.S. Armed Forces, and is a high ranking member of the federal cabinet. DoDD 5100.1: Enclosure 2: a The s ...

from 2006 to 2011 *

Robert A. Lovett Robert Abercrombie Lovett (September 14, 1895May 7, 1986) was the fourth United States Secretary of Defense, having been promoted to this position from Deputy Secretary of Defense. He served in the cabinet of President of the United States, Presi ...

(1895–1986), fourth

Robert McNamara Robert Strange McNamara (; June 9, 1916 – July 6, 2009) was an American business executive and the eighth United States Secretary of Defense, serving from 1961 to 1968 under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. He remains the Lis ...

(1916–2009), American business executive and the eighth

Wartime figures and military leaders

;American army *

Robert N. Adams Robert Newton Adams, D.D. was an American Brevet Brigadier General during the American Civil War. He commanded the 81st Ohio Infantry Regiment throughout the later years of the war and participated in the Federal Penetration up the Cumberland and ...

, American Brevet Brigadier General during the

American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by states th ...

Robert S. Beightler Robert Sprague Beightler (March 21, 1892 – February 12, 1978) was an American military officer and Ohio political insider, engineer, and business owner. In the military, he reached the rank of major general, and served as military governor of ...

, American military officer, major General, military governor of Okinawa, War Department General Staff, commander of the 37th Infantry Division *

Robert C. Bradshaw Robert Charles Bradshaw was an American Brevet Brigadier General during the American Civil War. He commanded the 44th Missouri Infantry Regiment throughout various battles of the Franklin–Nashville campaign. Biography Around the beginning of t ...

, American Brevet Brigadier General during the

Robert C. Buchanan Robert Christie Buchanan (March 1, 1811 – November 29, 1878) was an American military officer who served in the Mexican–American War and then was a Colonel (United States), colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War. In 1866, ...

, American military officer, one of the principal commanders of

Black Hawk War The Black Hawk War was a conflict between the United States and Native Americans led by Black Hawk, a Sauk leader. The war erupted after Black Hawk and a group of Sauks, Meskwakis (Fox), and Kickapoos, known as the "British Band", crosse ...

and

Rogue River Wars The Rogue River Wars were an armed conflict in 1855–1856 between the U.S. Army, local militias and volunteers, and the Native American tribes commonly grouped under the designation of Rogue River Indians, in the Rogue River Valley area o ...

Robert Lee Bullard Lieutenant General Robert Lee Bullard (January 5, 1861 – September 11, 1947) was a senior officer of the United States Army. He was involved in conflicts in the American Western Frontier, the Philippines, and World War I, where he commanded t ...

, senior officer in the United States Army during World War I *

Robert L. Eichelberger Robert Lawrence Eichelberger (9 March 1886 – 26 September 1961) was a general officer in the United States Army who commanded the Eighth United States Army in the South West Pacific theatre of World War II, Southwest Pacific Area during Wo ...

general officer A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry. In some usages the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel."general, adj. and n.". OED O ...

in the

United States Army The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution.Article II, section 2, cla ...

who commanded the

Eighth United States Army The Eighth Army is a U.S. field army which is the commanding formation of all United States Army United States Forces Korea, forces in South Korea. It commands U.S. and South Korean units and is headquartered at the Camp Humphreys,

in the

Southwest Pacific Area South West Pacific Area (SWPA) was the name given to the Allied supreme military command in the South West Pacific Theatre of World War II. It was one of four major Allied commands in the Pacific War. SWPA included the Philippines, Borneo, the D ...

during World War II *

Robert L. Ghormley Vice Admiral Robert Lee Ghormley (October 15, 1883 – June 21, 1958) was an admiral in the United States Navy who served as Commander, South Pacific Area during World War II. Early years Born in Portland, Oregon, Ghormley was the oldest of six ...

, admiral in the

United States Navy The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage ...

, serving as Commander of

South Pacific Area The South Pacific Area (SOPAC) was a multinational U.S.-led military command active during World War II. It was a part of the U.S. Pacific Ocean Areas under Admiral Chester Nimitz. The delineation and establishment of the Pacific Ocean Areas was ...

during World War II *

Robert Hoke Robert Frederick Hoke (May 27, 1837 – July 3, 1912) was a Confederate major general during the American Civil War. He was present at one of the earliest battles, the Battle of Big Bethel, where he was commended for coolness and judgment. Wo ...

, Confederate major general during the American Civil War *

Robert B. Johnston Robert B. Johnston (born October 6, 1937) is a retired United States Marine Corps lieutenant general whose last duty assignment was as Commander, Marine Forces Atlantic, Marine Forces Europe and II Marine Expeditionary Force. During the Gulf War ...

, retired United States Marine Corps lieutenant general whose last duty assignment was as Commander, Marine Forces Atlantic Marine Forces Europe and

II Marine Expeditionary Force The II Marine Expeditionary Force (II MEF) is a Marine Air-Ground Task Force consisting of ground, air and logistics forces capable of projecting offensive combat power ashore while sustaining itself in combat without external assistance for a ...

Robert E. Lee Robert Edward Lee (January 19, 1807 – October 12, 1870) was a Confederate general during the American Civil War, towards the end of which he was appointed the overall commander of the Confederate States Army. He led the Army of Nort ...

, American and

Confederate Confederacy or confederate may refer to: States or communities * Confederate state or confederation, a union of sovereign groups or communities * Confederate States of America, a confederation of secessionist American states that existed between 1 ...

general, supreme commander of the

Confederate States Army The Confederate States Army, also called the Confederate Army or the Southern Army, was the military land force of the Confederate States of America (commonly referred to as the Confederacy) during the American Civil War (1861–1865), fighting ...

during

Robert A. Lewis Robert Alvin Lewis (October 18, 1917 – June 18, 1983) was a United States Army Air Forces officer serving in the Pacific Theatre during World War II. He was the co-pilot and aircraft commander of the '' Enola Gay'', the B-29 Superfortress bom ...

United States Army Air Forces The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF or AAF) was the major land-based aerial warfare service component of the United States Army and ''de facto'' aerial warfare service branch of the United States during and immediately after World War II ...

officer An officer is a person who has a position of authority in a hierarchical organization. The term derives from Old French ''oficier'' "officer, official" (early 14c., Modern French ''officier''), from Medieval Latin ''officiarius'' "an officer," fro ...

serving in the Pacific Theatre during World War II, one of the

pilots An aircraft pilot or aviator is a person who controls the flight of an aircraft by operating its directional flight controls. Some other aircrew members, such as navigators or flight engineers, are also considered aviators, because they a ...

of the Enola G *

Robert McDade Robert Alexander McDade (August 11, 1922 – October 14, 2009) was a United States Army colonel. He is best known as a Lieutenant colonel (United States), lieutenant colonel in command of the 2nd Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment, at the Battle of ...

, United States Army colonel, *

Robert McGowan Littlejohn Robert McGowan Littlejohn (23 October 1890 – 6 May 1982) was a major general in the United States Army who graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, in 1912. He served with the Pancho Villa Expedition and ...

, major general in the United States Army, leader of

War Assets Administration The War Assets Administration (WAA) was created to dispose of United States government-owned surplus material and property from World War II. The WAA was established in the Office for Emergency Management, effective March 25, 1946, by Executive Ord ...

* Robert C. Murphy, American colonel during the

* Robert "Robin" Olds Jr., American fighter pilot and general officer in the U.S. Air Force * Robert Olds Sr., general officer in the US Army Air Forces *

Robert Patterson Robert Patterson (January 12, 1792 – August 7, 1881) was an Irish-born United States major general during the American Civil War, chiefly remembered for inflicting an early defeat on Stonewall Jackson, but crucially failing to stop Confede ...

, Irish-born United States major general during the

* Robert W. Porter Jr.,

four-star general who served as Commander in Chief,

United States Southern Command The United States Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM), located in Doral, Florida, Doral, Florida in Greater Miami, is one of the eleven unified combatant commands in the United States Department of Defense. It is responsible for providing contingen ...

from 1965 to 1969 *

Robert Gould Shaw Robert Gould Shaw (October 10, 1837 – July 18, 1863) was an American officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Born into a prominent Boston Abolitionism in the United States, abolitionist family, he accepted command of the firs ...

, American officer in the

Union Army During the American Civil War, the Union Army, also known as the Federal Army and the Northern Army, referring to the United States Army, was the land force that fought to preserve the Union (American Civil War), Union of the collective U.S. st ...

during the

, commander of the first all-

African American African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American" generally denotes descendants of ens ...

regiment *

Robert Sink Robert Frederick Sink (April 3, 1905 – December 13, 1965) was a senior United States Army Officer (armed forces), officer who fought during World War II and the Korean War, though he was most famous for his command of the 506th Infantry Regimen ...

, senior United States Army officer who fought during World War II, the Korean War, and early parts of the Vietnam War * Robert G. Smith (colonel) (1854-1923), American colonel of the Spanish–American War *

Robert F. Stockton Robert Field Stockton (August 20, 1795 – October 7, 1866) was a United States Navy commodore, notable in the capture of California during the Mexican–American War. He was a naval innovator and an early advocate for a propeller-driven, steam-p ...

, United States Navy commodore,

United States Senator The United States Senate is the Upper house, upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the United States House of Representatives, House of Representatives being the Lower house, lower chamber. Together they compose the national Bica ...

from

New Jersey New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware ...

, Military Governor of California *

Robert A. Theobald Robert Alfred Theobald (January 25, 1884 – May 13, 1956), List of military figures by nickname#F, nicknamed "Fuzzy", was a United States Navy Commissioned officer, officer who served in World War I and World War II, and achieved the rank of Re ...

, United States Navy officer who served in World War I and World War II, achiever of the rank of

rear admiral Rear admiral is a senior naval flag officer rank, equivalent to a major general and air vice marshal and above that of a commodore and captain, but below that of a vice admiral. It is regarded as a two star "admiral" rank. It is often regarde ...

, the air forces commander during

Attack on Pearl Harbor The attack on Pearl HarborAlso known as the Battle of Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service upon the United States against the naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii, j ...

* Robert F. Travis,

general during World War II *

Robert Toombs Robert Augustus Toombs (July 2, 1810 – December 15, 1885) was an American politician from Georgia, who was an important figure in the formation of the Confederacy. From a privileged background as a wealthy planter and slaveholder, Toomb ...

, American lawyer, planter, army general, and politician from Georgia who became one of the organizers of the Confederacy and served as its first Secretary of State *

Robert Treat Robert Treat (February 23, 1624July 12, 1710) was a New England Puritan colonial leader, militia officer and governor of the Connecticut Colony between 1683 and 1698. In 1666 he helped found Newark, New Jersey. Biography Treat was born in Pitm ...

, American colonial leader, militia officer and governor of the

Connecticut Colony The ''Connecticut Colony'' or ''Colony of Connecticut'', originally known as the Connecticut River Colony or simply the River Colony, was an English colony in New England which later became Connecticut. It was organized on March 3, 1636 as a settl ...

between 1683 and 1698 and the founder of

Newark, New Jersey Newark ( , ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Jersey and the seat of Essex County and the second largest city within the New York metropolitan area.Robert C. Tyler, Confederate brigadier general during the American Civil War * Robert O. Tyler, American soldier who served as a general in the

during the American Civil War ;British / Scottish army * Sir Robert Abercromby, British general *

Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom), Lieutenant-General Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell, ( ; (Commonly pronounced by others as ) 22 February 1857 – 8 January 1941) was a British Army officer, writer, foun ...

, British Army officer, writer, founder and first Chief Scout of the world-wide Boy Scout Movement *

Robert Blake Robert Blake may refer to: Sportspeople * Bob Blake (American football) (1885–1962), American football player * Robbie Blake (born 1976), English footballer * Bob Blake (ice hockey) (1914–2008), American ice hockey player * Rob Blake (born 19 ...

, British Royal Navy officer and one of the most important military commanders of the

Commonwealth of England The Commonwealth was the political structure during the period from 1649 to 1660 when England and Wales, later along with Ireland and Scotland, were governed as a republic after the end of the Second English Civil War and the trial and execut ...

Robert Brooke-Popham Air Chief Marshal Sir Henry Robert Moore Brooke-Popham, (18 September 1878 – 20 October 1953) was a senior commander in the Royal Air Force. During the First World War he served in the Royal Flying Corps as a wing commander and senior staff o ...

, senior commander in the

Royal Air Force The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's air and space force. It was formed towards the end of the First World War on 1 April 1918, becoming the first independent air force in the world, by regrouping the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and ...

and leader of

Operation Matador (1941) Operation Matador was a plan of the Malaya Command, British Malaya Command to move forces into position in Thailand to counter a Japanese amphibious attack on British Malaya, Malaya. Background In 1937, Major-General William Dobbie, Officer Com ...

Robert Brownrigg General Sir Robert Brownrigg, 1st Baronet, GCB (8 February 1758 – 27 April 1833) was an Irish-born British statesman and soldier. He brought the last part of Sri Lanka under British rule. Early career Brownrigg was commissioned as an en ...

, British statesman, general and soldier who brought the last part of Sri Lanka under British rule,

Governors of British Ceylon The governor of Ceylon was the representative in Ceylon of the British Crown from 1795 to 1948. In this capacity, the governor was president of the Executive Council and Commander-in-Chief of the British Forces in Ceylon. The governor was the ...

General Officer Commanding, Ceylon General Officer Commanding, Ceylon (also known as ''Commander of Troops'' or ''Officer Commanding His/Her Majesties Troops, Ceylon'') was the designation of the General Officer appointed to command all British Army units stationed in the island of ...

* Sir

Robert Calder Admiral Sir Robert Calder, 1st Baronet, (2 July 174531 August 1818) was a British naval officer who served in the Seven Years' War, the American Revolutionary War, the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. For much of his career ...

, British naval officer * Robert H. Dick, Scottish soldier *

Robert Rollo Gillespie Major-General Sir Hugh Robert Rollo Gillespie (21 January 1766 – 31 October 1814Dictionary of Indian Biography; Charles E Buckland p166 (1906)) was an officer in the British Army. The Army's historian Sir John Fortescue called him "The bravest ...

, officer in the British Army *

Robert Haining General Sir Robert Hadden Haining, (28 July 1882 – 15 September 1959) was a senior British Army officer during the Second World War. Early life and education Haining was born in Chester, the eldest son of Dr. William Haining and Mary Ellen Ro ...

, British Army officer *

Robert Peverell Hichens Lieutenant Commander Robert Peverell Hichens, (2 March 1909 – 13 April 1943) was the most highly decorated officer of the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve (RNVR), being awarded two Distinguished Service Orders, three Distinguished Service Cr ...

, British Lieutenant Commander and the most highly decorated officer of the

Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve The Royal Naval Reserve (RNR) is one of the two volunteer reserve forces of the Royal Navy in the United Kingdom. Together with the Royal Marines Reserve, they form the Maritime Reserve. The present RNR was formed by merging the original Ro ...

(RNVR) *

Robert Kekewich Major-General (United Kingdom), Major-General Robert George Kekewich, Order of the Bath, CB (17 June 1854 – 5 November 1914) was a Victorian era British Army officer. Early life Kekewich was the second son of Trehawke Kekewich, of Peamore Hou ...

, British Army officer * Sir

Robert Mansell Sir Robert Mansell (1573–1656) was an admiral of the English Royal Navy and a Member of Parliament (MP), mostly for Welsh constituencies. His name was sometimes given as Sir Robert Mansfield and Sir Robert Maunsell. Early life Mansel was a W ...

, English Royal Navy officer and a member of parliament (MP), mostly for Welsh constituencies *

Robert Monckton Lieutenant-General Robert Monckton (24 June 1726 – 21 May 1782) was an officer of the British Army and colonial administrator in British North America. He had a distinguished military and political career, being second in command to General J ...

of the

British Army The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force. , the British Army comprises 79,380 regular full-time personnel, 4,090 Gurk ...

and also a colonial administrator in

British North America British North America comprised the colonial territories of the British Empire in North America from 1783 onwards. English overseas possessions, English colonisation of North America began in the 16th century in Newfoundland (island), Newfound ...

Robert Munro, 18th Baron of Foulis Colonel Robert Munro of Foulis (died April 1633), also known as the Black Baron, was traditionally the 18th Baron of Foulis in Scotland. He was a soldier of fortune, who served in Germany under the banners of Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden. It ...

, known as the Black Baron, Scottish soldier and military warlord *

Robert Monro Robert Monro (died 1680), was a famous Scottish General, from the Clan Munro of Ross-shire, Scotland. He held command in the Swedish army under Gustavus Adolphus during Thirty Years' War. He also fought for the Scottish Covenanters during the Bi ...

, Scottish general during

Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (80 ...

* Sir

Robert Moray Sir Robert Moray (alternative spellings: Murrey, Murray) FRS (1608 or 1609 – 4 July 1673) was a Scottish soldier, statesman, diplomat, judge, spy, and natural philosopher. He was well known to Charles I and Charles II, and to the French c ...

, Scottish soldier, statesman, diplomat, judge, spy and natural philosopher, one of the founders of

Royal Society The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences. The society fulfils a number of roles: promoting science and its benefits, re ...

and

Freemasonry Freemasonry or Masonry refers to fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local guilds of stonemasons that, from the end of the 13th century, regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities ...

Robert Orme The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory, honou ...

, British soldier and military leader *

Sir Robert Pigot, 2nd Baronet Sir Robert Pigot, 2nd Baronet (20 September 1720 – 1 August 1796) was a Great Britain, British Army officer during the American Revolutionary War. Life Robert Pigot was born in London, England in 1720. His two brothers were George Pigot, 1st ...

, British Army officer during the American Revolutionary War *

Robert Rogers Robert Rogers may refer to: Politics * Robert Rogers (Irish politician) (died 1719), Irish politician, MP for Cork City 1692–1699 *Robert Rogers (Manitoba politician) (1864–1936), Canadian politician * Robert Rogers, Baron Lisvane (born 1950), ...

American colonial American colonial architecture includes several building design styles associated with the colonial period of the United States, including First Period English (late-medieval), French Colonial, Spanish Colonial, Dutch Colonial, and Georgian. T ...

frontiersman A frontier is the political and geographical area near or beyond a Border, boundary. A frontier can also be referred to as a "front". The term came from French in the 15th century, with the meaning "borderland"—the region of a country that ...

and officer in the British Army, commander of

Rogers' Rangers Rogers' Rangers was a company of soldiers from the Province of New Hampshire raised by Major Robert Rogers and attached to the British Army during the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War). The unit was quickly adopted into the British army as ...

* Robert Ross, officer in the British Army, born in Ireland *

Robert Sale Major-General Sir Robert Henry Sale (19 September 1782 – 21 December 1845) was a British Army officer who commanded the garrison of Jalalabad during the First Afghan War and was killed in action during the First Anglo-Sikh War. Biography ...

, British army officer * Sir

Robert Stopford Robert Wright Stopford, (20 February 1901 – 13 August 1976) was a British Anglican bishop. Early life and education Stopford was born in Garston, Merseyside (then in Lancashire), and educated at Coatham School in Redcar and Liverpool Colle ...

, distinguished officer in the Royal Navy *

Robert Stanford Tuck Wing Commander Robert Roland Stanford Tuck, (1 July 1916 – 5 May 1987) was a British fighter pilot, flying ace and test pilot. Tuck joined the Royal Air Force (RAF) in 1935 and first engaged in combat during the Battle of France, over Dunkirk ...

, British

fighter pilot A fighter pilot is a military aviator trained to engage in air-to-air combat, air-to-ground combat and sometimes electronic warfare while in the cockpit of a fighter aircraft. Fighter pilots undergo specialized training in aerial warfare and ...

flying ace A flying ace, fighter ace or air ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat. The exact number of aerial victories required to officially qualify as an ace is varied, but is usually co ...

, and

test pilot A test pilot is an aircraft pilot with additional training to fly and evaluate experimental, newly produced and modified aircraft with specific maneuvers, known as flight test techniques.Stinton, Darrol. ''Flying Qualities and Flight Testing ...

, member of the

, war hero of World War II *

Robert Sturges Lieutenant-General Sir Robert Grice Sturges (14 July 1891 – 12 September 1970) was a senior Royal Marines officer who fought in both the First World War and Second World War. Military career Sturges joined the Royal Navy in 1908. Commissioned ...

, British Royal marine general * Robert "Roy" Urquhart, British Army officer * Robert Whittaker,

City of London The City of London is a city, ceremonial county and local government district that contains the historic centre and constitutes, alongside Canary Wharf, the primary central business district (CBD) of London. It constituted most of London fr ...

banker and a senior officer in Britain's part-time Territorial Army (TA), chief of staff at

Anti-Aircraft Command Anti-Aircraft Command (AA Command, or "Ack-Ack Command") was a British Army command of the Second World War that controlled the Territorial Army anti-aircraft artillery and searchlight formations and units defending the United Kingdom. Origin ...

during World War II ;Australian army *

Robert A. Little Robert Alexander Little, (19 July 1895 – 27 May 1918), a World War I fighter pilot, is generally regarded as the most successful Australian flying ace, with an official tally of forty-seven victories. Born in Victoria, he ...

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

fighter pilot and the most successful Australian

;German / Austrian army * Robert von Eggenberg, Austrian colonel-general *

Robert Gysae Robert Karl Friedrich Gysae (14 January 1911 – 26 April 1989) was a German U-boat commander in the ''Kriegsmarine'' during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany. Gysae commanded ...

, a German U-boat commander in the Kriegsmarine during World War II *

Robert Ritter von Greim Robert ''Ritter'' von Greim (born Robert Greim; 22 June 1892 – 24 May 1945) was a German field marshal and First World War flying ace. In April 1945, in the last days of World War II, Adolf Hitler appointed Greim commander-in-chief of the ''L ...

, German Field Marshal and pilot * Robert Kosch, Prussian general in the Imperial German army * Robert-Richard Zapp, Robert Zapp, German U-boat commander in World War II ;Irish army * Robert Emmet, Irish Republican, orator and rebel leader ; Cuban army * :es:Roberto Rodríguez Fernández, Roberto Rodriguez Fernandez, Cuban revolutionary ;Italian army * Roberto Farinacci, leading Italian Fascist politician and important member of the Grand Council of Fascism, Secretary of National Fascist Party and one of the leading perpetrators of the Holocaust in Italy ;French army * Robert Nivelle, French artillery officer who led the French forces during

as commander in-chief of French army ;Russian army * Robert Bruce (1668–1720), Robert Bruce, first chief commander of Saint Petersburg * :ru:Сегеркранц, Роберт Фёдорович, Robert Segercrantz, Russian general in the Russian Imperial army * Robert von Ungern-Sternberg, also known as The Mad Baron or The Bloody White Baron, Austrian-born, Russian Empire's Baltic German Anti-Leninism, anti-Bolshevik lieutenant general in the Russian Civil War * Robert Viren, general, admiral and career naval officer in the Imperial Russian Navy in Russian Empire

Other military

* Robert B. Abrams, four-star General (United States), general in the

* Robert Bartels (1911–1943), German U-boat commander in World War II * Robert Grierson Combe, Scottish-Canadian military officer * Robert E. Cushman Jr., United States Marine Corps General (United States), general who served as the 25th Commandant of the Marine Corps * Robert Duff (Royal Navy officer), Robert Duff, British Royal Navy officer * Robert Kajuga (Interahamwe), Robert Kajuga, national president and leader of the MRND-affiliated extremist militia, the Interahamwe * Robert James Miller, Robert J. Miller, Special Forces (United States Army), United States Army Special Forces soldier * Robert Miller Montague, Lieutenant General (United States), lieutenant general in the

* Robert Neller, retired United States Marine Corps four-star General (United States), general who served as the 37th Commandant of the Marine Corps * Robert H. Reed, General (United States), General in the United States Air Force and the former chief of staff of the Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe * Robert Rheault, American colonel in the U.S. Army Special Forces * Robert Roddam, British Royal Navy officer * Robert M. Shoemaker, United States Army general and former commander of the United States Army Forces Command, inductee into the Aviation Hall of Fame

Nazis and communists

* Robert Eikhe, Latvian Bolshevik, provincial head of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in Siberia * Ernst-Robert Grawitz, Robert Grawitz, Nazi German physician and an SS functionary, chief physician of the SS, head of the German Red Cross * Robert Ley, DAF ''Führer'' of Nazi Germany (head of the German Labour Front), high-ranking member of the SS, labour and economical leader of Nazi Germany, founder of Volkswagen, creator of Adolf Hitler Schools, NSDAP School system * Robert Mulka, German Nazi ''SS-Hauptsturmführer'' and later ''SS-Obersturmführer'', commander of Auschwitz concentration camp * Robert Ritter, Nazi German "racial scientist" doctor of psychology and medicine, with a background in child psychiatry and the biology of criminality * Robert Heinrich Wagner, Robert Wagner, ''Gauleiter'' of Gau Baden, ''Gauleiter'' of Alsace and head of the civil government of Alsace during the Nazi German occupation of France during World War II

Nuclear physicists

* Robert Oppenheimer (1904—1967), American theoretical physicist, professor of physics at the University of California, developer and inventor of the atomic bomb * Robert Serber (1909—1997), American physicist who participated in the Manhattan Project

Explorers

* Robert Ballard, retired United States Navy officer and a professor of oceanography at the University of Rhode Island * Robert Bartlett (explorer), Robert Bartlett, Newfoundland-born American Arctic explorer of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, accompanied United States Navy Commander Robert Peary on his attempts to reach the North Pole * Robert O'Hara Burke, Irish soldier and police officer who explored Australia, leader of the first Burke & Wills expedition, expedition to cross Australia from south to north * Robert Dudley (explorer), Robert Dudley, English explorer and cartographer * Sir Robert McClure, Irish explorer of the Arctic who in 1854 traversed the Northwest Passage by boat and sledge and was the first to circumnavigate the Americas * Robert Peary, American explorer and United States Navy officer who made several expeditions to the Arctic, reached the geographic North Pole with his expedition on April 6, 1909, believed to be the first man to have ever reached the North Pole * Robert Falcon Scott, British Royal Navy officer and explorer who led two expeditions to the Antarctic regions * Robert Swan, the first person to walk to both Geographical pole, Poles

Intelligence officers

* Robert P. Ashley Jr., retired lieutenant general in the United States Army who served as the Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency from 2017 to 2020 * Robert Hanssen, former Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) secret agent who spied for Soviet and Russian intelligence services against the United States from 1979 to 2001 * Robert Mueller, Robert S. Mueller III, American attorney who served as the sixth Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) from 2001 to 2013

Movie industry

* Robert Altman (1925–2006), American film director, screenwriter, and producer * Robbie Amell, Robert "Robbie" Amell (born 1988), Canadian-American actor and producer * Rob Benedict, Robert "Rob" Benedict (born 1970), American actor and writer * Bob Bergen, Robert "Bob" Bergen, American voice actor * Robert Carlyle (born 1961), Scottish actor * Bob Chapek, Robert "Bob" Chapek (born 1960), American media executive and businessman, chairman of Disney Parks, Experiences and Products, the current CEO of Walt Disney Company * Robbie Coltrane, Robert "Robbie" Coltrane (born 1950), Scottish actor and author * Robert Cummings (1910–1990), American actor * Robert Davi (born 1954), American actor * Robert De Niro (born 1953), American actor, director and producer * Robert FitzGerald Diggs (born 1969), American rapper, actor, filmmaker, and record producer known as RZA * Robert Downey Sr. (1936–2021), American actor, director and producer * Robert Downey Jr. (born 1965), American actor * Roberto Draghetti (1960–2020), Italian actor and voice actor * Robert Duvall (born 1931), American actor * Robert Eggers (born 1983), American film director, screenwriter and production designer * Robert Englund (born 1947), American actor, voice actor, singer and film director * Robert Fuller (actor), Robert Fuller, American horse rancher and actor * Robert Goulet (1933–2007), French-Canadian singer and actor * Robert Guillaume (1927–2017), American actor and singer * Robert Gustafsson (born 1964), Swedish comedian and actor * Robert Hardy (1925–2017), British actor * Robert Hays (born 1947), American actor * Robert Hegyes, American actor * Bob Iger, Robert "Bob" Iger (born 1951), American media executive, film producer, author and businessman, chairman and chief executive officer of The Walt Disney Company * Robert Irwin (television personality), Robert Irwin (born 2003), Australian television personality and wildlife photographer * Rob Kardashian, Robert "Rob" Kardashian (born 1987), American television personality * Robert Knepper (born 1959), American actor * Robert Lansing (actor), Robert Lansing (1928–1994), American stage, film and television actor * Rob Letterman, Robert "Rob" Letterman (born 1970), American film director and screenwriter * Rob Lowe, Robert "Rob" Lowe (born 1964), American actor, producer and director * Rob Marshall, Robert "Rob" Marshall (born 1960), American film and theater director, producer and choreographer * Robert McKimson (1910–1977), American animator and illustrator, best known for his work on creating the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons * Robert Duncan McNeill (born 1964), American director, producer, and actor * Rob Minkoff, Robert "Rob" Minkoff (born 1962), American film and animation director * Robert Mitchum (1917–1997), American film actor, director, author, poet, composer and singer * Robert Montgomery (actor), Robert Montgomery (1904–1981), American actor, director and producer * Robert Mulligan (1925–2008), American film director * Robert Patrick (born 1958), American actor and voice actor * Robert Pattinson (born 1986), British actor * Bob Peck, Robert "Bob" Peck (1945–1999), English stage, television and film actor * Robert Redford,(born 1936), American actor, director and producer * Robert Rodriguez (born 1968), American film director, screenwriter, producer, musician, filmmaker and visual effects supervisor, best known for his film ''Alita: Battle Angel'' * Robert Ryan (1909–1973), American actor * Robert Schwentke,(born 1968), German film director * Robert Sheehan (born 1988), Irish actor * Robert Singer (producer), Robert Singer, American film director and producer * Robert Smigel (born 1960), American actor, voice actor, comedian, humorist, writer, director, producer and puppeteer * Robert Adolf Stemmle (1903–1974), German screenwriter and film director * Robert Stromberg (born 1965), American special effects artist, designer and film director * Robert Taylor (American actor), Robert Taylor (1911–1969) American actor, one of the most famous Hollywood actors of his time * Robert Vaughn (1932–2016), American actor * Robert Wagner (born 1930), American actor * Robert Walker (actor, born 1918), Robert Walker (1918–1951), American actor * Robert B. Weide (born 1959, American screenwriter, producer and director * Robert Wiene (1873—1938), film director of the silent era of German cinema * Robert Wise (1914–2005), American film director * Robert Young (actor), Robert Young (1907–1998), American actor * Robert Zemeckis (born 1952), Lithuanian-Italian born American film director, screenwriter and producer, best known for his "Back to the Future" film trilogy, frequently credited as an innovator in visual effects

Musicians

;Record producers and DJs * Robert Abisi, member of the electronic music and DJ duo Lost Kings * Robert Babicz, Polish born German electronic music producer, DJ and mastering engineer * Robert van de Corput, real name of the award-winning Dutch DJ, twice worlds No.1 DJ, composer and music producer Hardwell; * Robert DeLong, American electronic musician, record producer, composer and performer * Robert Hughes, real name of the Canadian trap music DJ and record producer known as Vincent (music producer), Vincent and Tiger Drool; * Robert Miles, Swiss-born Italian DJ and record producer, inventor of the dream trance genre; * Robert "Bob" Rifo, founder of the Italian electronic music project The Bloody Beetroots * Rob Swire, Robert "Rob" Swire, Australian electronic music producer and DJ ;Singers * Roberto Carlos (singer), Roberto Carlos, Brazilian singer-songwriter, also known as King of Latin Music or simply The King * Bob Chilcott, Robert "Bob" Chilcott, British choral composer, conductor, and singer * Bob Crosby, Robert "Bob" Crosby, American jazz singer and bandleader, best known for his group the Bob-Cats * Bobby Darin, Robert "Bobby" Darin, American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, impressionist, and actor * Robert Francis (musician), Robert Francis, American multi-instrumentalist, singer, songwriter; * R. Kelly, Robert Kelly, American singer, songwriter, record producer, and former semi-professional basketball player who helped redefine R&B and hip hop, earning the nicknames "King of R&B" and "King of Pop-Soul" * Robert Johnson, American blues singer-songwriter and musician; * Bob Marley, Robert "Bob" Marley, Jamaican singer-songwriter, widely regarded as one of the greatest musicians of all time * Bobby McFerrin, Robert "Bobby" McFerrin, American musician, singer, conductor, arranger and record producer * Bert Nievera, Roberto "Bert" Nievera, Filipino-American singer * Robert Palmer (singer), Robert Palmer, English composer, songwriter, singer and record producer; * Robert Ritchie, American singer-songwriter, rapper, musician, record producer, and actor known as Kid Rock; * Bob Seger, Robert "Bob" Seger, American singer-songwriter and guitarist * Robert Tepper, American songwriter, composer, recording artist and singer * Bobby Vee, Robert "Bobby" Vee, American singer, songwriter, musician and teen idol * Robbie Williams, Robert "Robbie" Williams, British singer and songwriter * Rob Zombie, Robert "Rob" Zombie, American musician, singer, songwriter, programmer, voice actor, filmmaker and founding member of the heavy metal band White Zombie (band), White Zombie * Robert Allen Zimmerman, real name of American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan ;Band members * Rob Bourdon, Robert "Rob" Bourdon, American musician, drummer and founding member of the rock band Linkin Park * Robert Fripp, English musician, songwriter, and record producer, best known as the guitarist, founder and longest-lasting member of the band King Crimson * Rob Halford, Robert "Rob" Halford, English singer and songwriter, lead vocalist of the Grammy Award-winning heavy metal band Judas Priest, also a member of Fight (band), Fight, Two (metal band), Two, Halford (band), Halford, Great White and Black Sabbath * Robert Hunter (lyricist), Robert Hunter, American poet, principle lyricist for the rock band Grateful Dead * Rob Hyman, Robert "Rob" Hyman, American singer, songwriter, keyboard and accordion player, producer, arranger, recording studio owner and a founding member of the rock band The Hooters * Robert Janson, Polish composer, singer, guitarist, leader and co-founder of the band Varius Manx * Robby Krieger, Robert "Robby" Krieger, American guitarist and singer-songwriter best known as the guitarist of the rock band The Doors, inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame * Robert Del Naja, British artist, musician, singer and songwriter, founding member of the band Massive Attack * Robert Plant, English singer, songwriter, and musician, lead singer and lyricist of the English rock band Led Zeppelin; * Robert Smith (musician), Robert Smith, lead singer of The Cure; * Robert Trujillo, American singer and songwriter, one of the members of American heavy metal band Metallica; * Bob Weir, Robert "Bob" Weir, American musician and songwriter, one of the founders of the rock band Grateful Dead, also a member of bands The Other Ones, The Dead (band), The Dead, Kingfish (band), Kingfish, Bobby and the Midnites, RatDog, Furthur (band), Furthur and Dead & Company ;Rappers * Robert Rihmeek Williams, American rapper, singer and activist known as Meek Mill * Robert van Winkle, real name of American rapper, actor, and television host Vanilla Ice ;Composers * Robert Kajanus, Finnish composer, conductor and teacher, founder of the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra * Robert Schumann, German composer and music critic, one of the greatest composers of romantic era; * Robert Volkmann, German composer * Bob Wiseman, Robert "Bob" Wiseman, Canadian film composer, songwriter and music teacher ;Instrumentalists * Rob Barrett, Robert "Rob" Barrett, guitarist for death metal band Cannibal Corpse * Bobby Hackett, Robert "Bobby" Hackett, American jazz musician * Bob Kerr (musician), Robert "Bob" Kerr, comic musician who plays trumpet and cornet * Robert Mirabal, Native American musician and flute player * Rob Scallon, Robert "Rob" Scallon, American YouTuber, musician and multi-instrumentalist

Scientists

* Robert Boyle, British natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor, first modern chemist, and one of the founders of modern chemistry * Robert Bunsen, German chemist who discovered caesium in 1860 and rubidium in 1861, pioneer of photochemistry and organoarsenic chemistry and developer of the Bunsen burner * Robert F. Christy, Canadian-American theoretical physicist, astrophysicist, one of the last surviving people to have worked on the Manhattan Project during World War II, * Robert Dorsey Coale, American chemist and colonel, Professor and Dean at the University of Maryland, Baltimore * Robert Darwin, English medical doctor, who today is best known as the father of the naturalist Charles Robert Darwin * Robert Esnault-Pelterie, French aircraft designer and spaceflight theorist, developer of ballistic missiles, father of modern rocketry * Robert Fulton, American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing a commercially successful steamboat known as North River Steamboat * Robert H. Goddard, American engineer, professor, physicist, and inventor, credited with creating and building the world's first liquid-fueled rocket, father of the modern rocketry * Robert C. Green, American medical geneticist, physician, and public health researcher * Robert J. Van de Graaff, engineer and physicist, inventor of high-voltage Van de Graaff generators * Robert Gardiner Hill, British surgeon specialising in the treatment of lunatic, lunacy * Robert Hooke, English natural philosopher, architect and polymath, best known for discovering and naming the Cell (biology), Cell in 1665 * Sir Robert Jones, 1st Baronet, Welsh orthopaedic surgeon who helped to establish the modern specialty of orthopaedic surgery in Britain, early proponent of the use of radiography in orthopaedics, and described the eponymous Jones fracture * Robert Koch, German physician and microbiologist, founder of modern bacteriology, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1905 for his research on Tuberculosis * Robert Liston, Scottish surgeon, noted for his speed and skill in an era prior to anaesthetics, when speed made a difference in terms of pain and survival * Robert Andrews Millikan, American experimental physicist honored with the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1923 for the measurement of the elementary electric charge and for his work on the photoelectric effect * Sir Robert Robinson (organic chemist), Robert Robinson, Nobel Prize and Medal of Freedom (1945), Medal of Freedom winning British organic chemist * Robert Allen Rolfe, Robert A. Rolfe, English botanist specialising in the study of orchids * Robert Shapiro (chemist), Robert Shapiro, professor emeritus of chemistry at New York University, best known for his work on the origin of life * Robert Winston, British professor, medical doctor, scientist * Robert Crooke Wood, American physicist and neurologist during the American Civil War * Robert W. Wood, American physicist and inventor who is often cited as being a pivotal contributor to the field of optics and a pioneer of infrared photography and ultraviolet photography * Robert J. White, American neurosurgeon best known for his head transplants on living monkeys

Prison officials

* Robert McKenty, Prison warden, warden of Eastern State Penitentiary * Robert J. Kirby, 45th commandant of Sing Sing prison

Criminals

* Robert Anderson (murderer), Robert J. Anderson (1966–2006), American murderer * Robert Bales (born 1973), former United States army soldier who committed the Kandahar massacre * Robert John Bardo, American assassin of Rebecca Schaeffer * Robert Biehler (1934–1993), American serial killer * Robert Berdella, American serial killer, known as The Kansas City Butcher and The Collector * Robert H. Birch, (c. 1827 – c. 1866), American criminal * Robert Black (serial killer), Robert Black (1947–2016), Scottish serial killer * Robert Eugene Brashers (1958–1999), American serial killer and rapist * Robert Charles Browne (born 1952), American murderer * Robert Anthony Buell (1940–2002), American serial killer * Robert Francis Burns (1840–1883), Irish Australian murderer and probable serial killer * Robert Edward Chambliss (1904–1985), white supremacist terrorist * Robert Glen Coe (1956–2000), American murderer * Robert Wayne Danielson (1946–1995), American serial killer * Robert Durst (1943–2022), American convicted murderer * Robert Mark Edwards (born 1961), American murderer * Robert William Fisher (born 1961), American fugitive * Robert Ford (outlaw), Robert Newton Ford, 19th century American outlaw * Robert Garrow, American spree killer * Robert Hansen (1939–2014), American serial killer known as "The Butcher Baker" * Robert Wayne Harris (1972–2012), American mass murderer and serial killer * Robert Hawkins, mass murderer who perpetrated the Westroads Mall shooting * Robert Dale Henderson (1945–1993), American spree killer * Robert Hohenberger (1943–1978), American criminal, kidnapper and serial rapist * Robert Wesley Knighton (1941–2003), American serial killer * Robert Seldon Lady (born 1954), United States agent convicted of kidnapping in Italy * Robert Liberty (1947–1971), American serial killer * Robert A. Long, American spree killer who perpetrated the 2021 Atlanta spa shootings * Bobby Joe Long, Robert "Bobby" Long, American serial killer and rapist * Robert Jay Mathews (1953–1984), American neo-Nazi terrorist and the leader of The Order (white supremacist group), The Order, an American white supremacist militant group * Robert Maudsley, English serial killer * Robert Napper, British serial killer * Robert Palin (c.1835–1861), convict transported to Western Australia * Robert Perrino (1938–1992), Bonanno crime family associate and murder victim * Robert Pickton, Canadian serial killer * Robert Ben Rhoades, American serial killer known as "The Truck Stop Killer" * Robert Dale Rowell (1955–2005), American murderer * Schellenberg smuggling incident, Robert Lloyd Schellenberg, Canadian drug contrabandist * Robert Shelton (Ku Klux Klan), Robert M. Shelton, leader of United Klans of America, a Ku Klux Klan group * Robert Steinhäuser, German mass murderer and perpetrator of the Erfurt school massacre * Robert Stroud, a convicted murderer, American federal prisoner and author known as the "Birdman of Alcatraz" who has been cited as one of the most notorious criminals in the United States * Robert Tilton, American televangelist and fraudster * Robert Trimbole, Australian businessman, drug baron and organized crime boss * Robert Lee Yates, American serial killer from Spokane, Washington

Judges

* Robert J. Cindrich, American judge, former United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania * Robert H. Jackson, American attorney and judge who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court, previously served as United States Solicitor General, and

, the Chief United States Prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials * Robert Morgenthau, American lawyer, District Attorney for New York County and United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York * Robert Price (judge), Robert Price, British judge and politician * R. R. Selvadurai, Robert Rajanayagam Selvadurai (1894–1973), Sri Lankan Tamil lawyer, police magistrate, and civil servant

Political figures

* Robert Buckland, Welsh Conservative Party politician and barrister who served as Solicitor General for England and Wales and Minister of State for Prisons, currently serving as Secretary of State for Justice and Lord Chancellor * Robert J. Bulkley, United States Democratic Party Politician from Ohio; * Robert Baird (clergyman), Robert Baird, American clergyman and author * Robert Byrd, American lawyer and politician who served as a United States Senator from West Virginia for over 51 years, from 1959 until his death in 2010 * Robert Chadwick, Pennsylvania State Representative * Robert J. Clendening, Pennsylvania State Representative * Robert Crosser, U.S. Representative from Ohio, the longest serving member of the United States House of Representatives from the state of Ohio * Bob Dole, Robert "Bob" Dole, American politician and attorney who represented Kansas in the United States Senate from 1969 to 1996 * R. Budd Dwyer, Robert Budd Dwyer, the 30th State Treasurer of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, best remembered for his public suicide on live TV; * Robert Gichimu Githinji, Kenyan MP * Robert A. Green, U.S Representative from Florida * Arthur Robert Guinness, Zealand politician and Speaker of the House of Representatives * Robert Gunawardena (1904–1971), founder of the Trotskyist Lanka Sama Samaja Party, diplomat * Robert Habeck, German politician and writer, Vice Chancellor of Germany, Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action, Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Climate Action * Robert G. Harper, a Federalist, member of the United States Senate from Maryland, serving from January 1816 until December of the same year * Robert H. Foerderer, U.S. Congressman from Pennsylvania from 1901 to 1903 * Robert M. La Follette Jr., U.S. senator from Wisconsin from 1925 to 1947 * Robert J. Gamble, Representative and Senator from South Dakota * Robert Edward Jayatilaka, Sri Lankan Sinhala politician * Sir Robert Laurie, 5th Baronet, Scottish soldier and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1774 to 1804 * Robert Lee Henry, Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from Texas from 1897 to 1917; * Robert Hertzberg, American politician serving as Majority Leader in the California State Senate * Robert Lowe, British statesman and pivotal figure who shaped British politics in the latter half of the 19th century * Roberto Mangabeira Unger, Brazilian philosopher and politician * Robert James Manion, Canadian politician best known for leading the Conservative Party of Canada from 1938 until 1940. * Bob Moses (activist), Robert "Bob" Moses, American educator and civil rights activist * Beto O'Rourke, Robert "Beto" O'Rourke, American politician * Robert Schmidt (German politician), Robert Schmidt, Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Reich Minister of Food and Agriculture of Germany * Robert Sobukwe, prominent South African political dissident and teacher who founded and became the first president of the Pan Africanist Congress * Robert Roosevelt, a sportsman, author and politician who served as a United States representative from New York and as United States Ambassador to the Netherlands, Minister to the Hague, brother of the president of America Theodore Roosevelt; * Robert K. Steel, American businessman, financier and government official; * Robert A. Taft, American conservative politician, lawyer, and scion of the Taft family; * Bob Turner (New York politician), Robert L. "Bob" Turner, American businessman and politician * Robert F. Williams, American civil rights leader and author best known for serving as president of the Monroe, North Carolina chapter of the NAACP

Secretaries of War

* Robert Todd Lincoln, American politician, lawyer, and businessman, the first son of Abraham Lincoln, United States Secretary of War and List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Kingdom, United States Minister to the United Kingdom * Robert P. Patterson, United States Secretary of War

Secretaries of State

* Lord Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe, Secretary of State for India during

and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland * Robert M. T. Hunter, Virginia lawyer, politician and plantation owner, United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative (1837–1843, 1845–1847), Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, Speaker of the House (1839–1841), and United States Senate, U.S. Senator (1847–1861), during the

, the Confederate States Secretary of State (1861–1862) and then a Congress of the Confederate States, Confederate Senator (1862–1865) * Robert Smith (Cabinet member), Robert Smith, second United States Secretary of the Navy from 1801 to 1809 and the sixth United States Secretary of State from 1809 to 1811 * Sir Robert Southwell (diplomat), Sir Robert Southwell, Irish diplomat, Secretary of State for Ireland and President of the Royal Society from 1690

Governors

* Robert J. Bentley, American politician and physician who served as the 53rd Governor of Alabama from 2011 until 2017; * Robert Brooke (Virginia governor), Robert Brooke, soldier and Virginia political figure who served as the List of Governors of Virginia, tenth Governor of Virginia * Robert Brooke (East India Company officer), Robert Brooke, lieutenant-colonel in the army of

and Governor of Saint Helena, governor of the island of St Helena from 1788 to 1800 * Robert Carter I, American colonist, List of colonial governors of Virginia, Colonial Governor of Virginia and Speaker of the Virginia House of Burgesses; * Robert Stockton Green, American Democratic Party politician, who served as the 27th Governor of New Jersey from 1887 to 1890 * Robert Hunter (governor), Robert Hunter, British military officer, colonial governor of New York (province), New York and

from 1710 to 1720, and governor of Jamaica from 1727 to 1734; * Robert M. La Follette, American lawyer and politician who served as the 20th Governor of Wisconsin; * Robert S. Kerr, American businessman and politician, 12th Governor of Oklahoma * Robert S. Kerr III, American politician, Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma * Robert Lowry (governor), Robert Lowry, American politician and a

general during the

, who served as 32nd Governor of Mississippi; * Robert D. Orr, American politician and diplomat who served as the List of Governors of Indiana, 45th Governor of Indiana from 1981 to 1989 * Robert E. Quinn, American attorney and politician from Rhode Island who served as the 58th Governor of Rhode Island and Judge for the Rhode Island Superior Court * Robert Marcellus Stewart, 14th Governor of Missouri from 1857 to 1861, during the years just prior to the American Civil War; * Robert Yellowtail, leader of the Crow Nation, the first Native Americans in the United States, Native American to hold the post of Agency Superintendent at a reservation in the Crow Indian Reservation

Mayors

* Robert Worth Bingham, American politician, judge, United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom and mayor of Louisville, Kentucky * Robert Brent, the first Mayor of Washington, D.C., the federal capital of the United States; * Robert T. Conrad, the first mayor of Philadelphia to take office following the Consolidation Act of 1854; * Rob Ford, Robert "Rob" Ford, Canadian politician and businessman who served as the 64th Mayor of Toronto; * Robert King High, American politician who served as 29th mayor of the city of Miami; * Robert H. Morris (mayor), Robert H. Morris, 64th mayor of New York City; * Robert F. Wagner Jr., American politician who served three terms as the mayor of New York City from 1954 through 1965

Founding fathers of United States

* Robert R. Livingston (chancellor), Robert R. Livingston, American lawyer, politician, diplomat from New York, 1st United States Secretary of Foreign Affairs, 1st Chancellor of New York and a Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father of the United States * Robert Morris (financier), Robert Morris, English-born merchant, United States Secretary of the Navy, United States Superintendent of Finance and a Founding Father of the United States * Robert Treat Paine, American lawyer, politician and Founding Father of the United States who signed the Continental Association and the United States Declaration of Independence, Declaration of Independence as a representative of Massachusetts

Literary figures

* Robert Browning, English poet and playwright whose mastery of the dramatic monologue made him one of the foremost 19th century poets * Robert Burns, Scottish/British poet and lyricist, widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland * Robert Commanday, American music critic, List of chief music critics, chief classical music critic of the San Francisco Chronicle (1964–1994) * Robert Cormier, American author and journalist, known for his deeply pessimistic novels * Robert Frost, American poet * Robert Hardman (born 1965), British journalist, author, and documentary filmmaker * Robert Harris (novelist), Robert Harris, English novelist and former BBC reporter * Robert A. Heinlein, American science-fiction writer, one of the pioneers of hard science fiction genre *Robert Hichens (writer), Robert Hichens, English journalist, novelist, music lyricist, short story writer, music critic * Robert E. Howard, American author who wrote pulp fiction, well known for his character Conan the Barbarian, regarded as the father of the sword and sorcery subgenre * Robert G. Ingersoll, American writer and orator during the Golden Age of Freethought, who campaigned in defense of agnosticism * Bob Kane, Robert "Bob" Kane, American comic book artist and writer, best known for creating the character Batman (character), Batman * Robert Kirkman, American comic book author best known for creating ''The Walking Dead (franchise), The Walking Dead'' * Rob Liefeld, Robert "Rob" Liefeld, American comic book artist and writer, best known for creating the character Deadpool * Robert Nozick, American philosopher and writer * Robert Rozhdestvensky, Soviet Russian poet, regarded as one of the most significant Russian poets * Robert W. Service, British-Canadian poet and writer * Robert J.C. Stead, Canadian novelist * Robert Louis Stevenson, Scottish novelist, poet, essayist, musician and travel writer, best known for his work Treasure Island, which became one of the most popular literary works of all time * Robert Anton Wilson, American author, futurist, philosopher and self-described agnostic mystic, co-author (with Robert Shea) of ''The Illuminatus! Trilogy''

Businessmen

* Robert Bosch, German industrialist, businessman, engineer and inventor, founder of Robert Bosch GmbH (Bosch) * Robert Kardashian, American attorney and businessman * Robert Kiyosaki, American businessman and author, founder of the Rich Dad Company * Robert Kyncl, American business executive, Chief Business Officer of YouTube and former Vice President of Content Acquisitions of Netflix * Robert Napier (engineer), Robert Napier, Scottish marine engineer and founder of Robert Napier and Sons * Robert Miles Sloman, English-German shipbuilder, ship owner and sailor * Robert Smalls, American businessman, publisher, and politician * Robert F. Smith (investor), Robert F. Smith, American billionaire, businessman, philanthropist, chemical engineer, and investor, founder, chairman, and CEO of private equity firm Vista Equity Partners * Robert Trump, American real estate developer and business executive, brother of the president of America Donald Trump * Robert Winthrop (banker), Robert Winthrop, wealthy banker and capitalist in New York City

Administrators of NASA

* Robert A. Frosch, American scientist who was the fifth administrator of NASA from 1977 to 1981 * Robert M. Lightfoot Jr., engineer and former List of Administrators and Deputy Administrators of NASA, Acting Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), serving from January 20, 2017, until April 23, 2018, making him the longest-serving Acting Administrator in NASA history

Astronauts

* Robert L. Behnken, United States Air Force officer, NASA astronaut and former Chief of the Astronaut Office * Robert D. Cabana, director of NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center, a former NASA astronaut, and a veteran of four Space Shuttle flights * Robert J. Cenker, American aerospace and electrical engineer, aerospace systems consultant, and former astronaut * Robert Crippen, American retired naval officer and aviator, test pilot, aerospace engineer, and retired astronaut * Robert Curbeam, former NASA astronaut and captain in the United States Navy * Robert L. Gibson, former American naval officer and aviator, test pilot, aeronautical engineer, and a retired NASA astronaut, as well as a professional pilot and regular racer at the annual Reno Air Races * Robert S. Kimbrough, retired United States Army officer, and a NASA astronaut * Robert Henry Lawrence Jr., Robert Lawrence Jr., a United States Air Force officer and the first African-American astronaut * Robert F. Overmyer, American test pilot, naval aviator, aeronautical engineer, physicist, United States Marine Corps officer and USAF/NASA astronaut * Robert A. Parker, American physicist and astronomer, former Director of the NASA Management Office at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and a retired NASA astronaut * Robert Satcher, American physician, chemical engineer and NASA astronaut * Robert C. Springer, retired American astronaut and test pilot * Robert L. Stewart, retired brigadier general of the United States Army and a former NASA astronaut * Robert Thirsk, a Canadian engineer and physician, and a former Canadian Space Agency astronaut * Roberto Vittori, Italian air force officer and an ESA astronaut

Sportsmen

* Robert Alexander (Irish sportsman), Robert Alexander, Irish sportsman * Roberto Baggio, Italian former professional footballer who mainly played as a second striker, or as an attacking midfielder * Roberto Carlos, Brazilian footballer, widely regarded as one of the best football players of all time * Rob Conway, Robért Conway, American professional wrestler * Robert Fein (1907–1975), Austrian Olympic champion weightlifter * Robert Gibson (cricketer, born 1801), Robert Gibson (1801–1???), English cricketer * Robert Gibson (cricketer, born 1821), Robert Gibson (1821–1875), English cricketer * Robert Gibson (wrestler), Robert Gibson (born 1958), American wrestler * Robert Gibson (rower), Robert Gibson (born 1986), Canadian rower * Robert Green, English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper, played in the Premier League and Football League and for the England national team * Robert Griffin III, American football quarterback for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League * Robert Gsellman (born 1993), American baseball player * Robert Helenius, Finnish professional boxer * Robert Howard (martial artist), Robert Howard, Irish Grandmaster (martial arts), Grandmaster of taekwondo * Bobby Hull, Robert "Bobby" Hull, Canadian former ice hockey player who is regarded as one of the greatest players of all time * Róbert Jež, retired Slovak footballer * Bob Kalsu, Robert "Bob" Kalsu, American football player and United States Army officer * Robert Kerr (athlete), Robert Kerr, Irish Canadian sprinter * Robbie Kerr, Robert "Robbie" Kerr, British racing driver *Robert Kubica, Polish racing driver * Robert Lewandowski, Polish football player who plays as a striker for FC Barcelona and is the captain of the Poland national football team, Poland national team * Roberto López Ufarte, Basque former footballer * Roberto Mancini, Italian Association football, football manager and former player who is the manager of the Italy national football team, Italy national team * Bob McNamara (baseball), Robert "Bob" McNamara, American baseball player * Alexander Michel Melki, Robert Alexander Michel Melki (born 1992), Swedish-Lebanese footballer * Robert Mühren, Dutch professional footballer * Robert Person (born 1969), American baseball player * Bobby Orr, Robert "Bobby" Orr, Canadian former professional ice hockey player, widely acknowledged as one of the greatest of all time * Robert Remus, American professional wrestler known as Sgt. Slaughter * Rob Terry, Robert "Rob" Terry, Welsh professional wrestler and bodybuilder * Robert Whittaker (fighter), Robert Whittaker, New Zealand-born Australian professional mixed martial artist * Robert Wickens, Canadian racing driver

Paranormal

* Robert (doll), Robert the Doll, a supposedly haunted doll exhibited at a museum, center of an urban legend

Others

* Robert Barclay Allardice, generally known as Captain Barclay, Scottish walker of the early 19th century, known as the celebrated pedestrian, considered the father of the 19th century sport of pedestrianism, a precursor to racewalking * Robert T. Barrett, American painter, illustrator, and professor of illustration at Brigham Young University * Rob Bell, Robert "Rob" Bell Jr., American author, speaker and former pastor * Rob Bell (TV presenter), Rob Bell, American TV host and adventurer * Robert Bevan, British painter, drawing, draughtsman and lithographer, founding member of the Camden Town Group, the London Group, and the Cumberland Market Group * Robert S. Browne (1924–2004), American economist * Robert Capa, Hungarian war photographer and photojournalist * Robert Chung, Hong Kong academician, former Director of the Public Opinion Programme (POP) of the University of Hong Kong, head of the Hong Kong Public Opinion Research Institute * Robert Conquest, an English-American historian and poet * Robert Cornelius, American pioneer of photography and a lamp manufacturer who took the first light picture ever taken and whose self-taken portrait is the first known photographic portrait taken in America * Robert de Cotte, French architect-administrator, under whose design control of the royal buildings of France the earliest notes presaging the Rococo style were introduced * Robert G. Elliott, American executioner * Robert Elms, English writer and broadcaster * Robert Garrow (1936–1978), American serial rapist and later spree killer * Robert Gibbings, Irish artist and author who was most noted for his work as a wood engraver and sculptor * Robert Gregg, Anglican Archbishop * Robert Gray (bishop of Cape Town), Robert Gray, first Anglican Bishop of Cape Town and Metropolitan of Africa * Robert Gray (bishop of Bristol), Robert Gray, English Bishop of Bristol * Robert Gray (sea captain), Robert Gray, American merchant sea captain who pioneered the maritime fur trade * Robert H. Gray, American data analyst, author and astronomer *Robert Grierson (missionary), Robert Grierson, Canadian missionary to Korea * Roparz Hemon (Robert Hemon), Breton author and scholar of Breton expression * Robert Henri, American painter and teacher * Robert Hichens (sailor), Robert Hichens, British sailor who was part of the deck crew on board the RMS Titanic as one of six quartermasters on board the vessel and was at the ships wheel when it struck the iceberg * Carl Robert Jakobson, Estonian writer, politician and teacher, one of the most important people in the Estonian national awakening * Robert Knox (bishop), Robert Knox, Irish bishop * Robert Lopez, award-winning American songwriter of musicals, best known for co-creating The Book of Mormon (musical), The Book of Mormon and Avenue Q, and for composing the songs featured in the Walt Disney Animation Studios, 3D Disney computer animated films Frozen (2013 film), Frozen and Coco (2017 film), Coco * Roberto Matta, of Chilean painter and a seminal figure in 20th century abstract expressionist and surrealist art * Bob Moir (1929–2016) was a Canadian television producer, sports commentator, and journalist * Robert Molyneux, English-American Catholic priest and Jesuit missionary to the United States * Robert de Montesquiou, French aesthete, Symbolist poet and art collector * Captain Robert Nairac,

officer in Special Reconnaissance Unit, 14 Intelligence Company who was abducted from a pub in Dromintee, south County Armagh, during an undercover operation and assassinated by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) on his fourth tour of duty in Northern Ireland as a Military Intelligence Liaison Officer * Robert M. Price, American theologian and writer * Bob Ross, Robert "Bob" Ross, American painter, art instructor, and television host * Robert O. Scholz, American architect from Washington, D.C. * Robert Livingston Rudolph, American bishop of the Reformed Episcopal Church * Death of Robert Stevens, Robert Stevens, British-born American photojournalist killed in the 2001 anthrax attacks * Robert Scotland Liddell, British war reporter and photographer * Robert Topala, also known as Zhenmuron, Swedish musician and video game developer known for developing the popular rhythm based arcade art game Geometry Dash * Robert Barron (bishop), American prelate of the Catholic Church, author, theologian and evangelist, known for his Word on Fire ministry * Robert Wadlow, known as the Alton, Illinois, Alton Giant and the Giant of Illinois, an American who became famous as the tallest person in recorded history * Robert Wipper, Russian historian of classical antiquity, medieval and modern period

Fictional characters

* Rocky Balboa, Robert "Rocky" Balboa, the main character in the Rocky Balboa film series; * King Robert Baratheon, a fictional king in ''A Song of Ice and Fire'' novels by George R. R. Martin & the 2011 TV series ''Game of Thrones'' (King of the Andals, the Rhoynar and the First Men, Lord of the Seven Kingdoms, Protector of the Realm, Lord of Storm's End, Lord Paramount of the Stormlands) * Commander List of S.W.A.T. (2017 TV series) characters, Robert Hicks, A senior officer with the LAPD Special Operations Bureau in S.W.A.T. (2017 TV series), 2017 TV series S.W.A.T. * Robert, main character of the 2021 action thriller Roberrt * List of Everybody Loves Raymond characters, Robert Barone, a character from the 1996 sitcom ''Everybody Loves Raymond'' *Robert Baxter, one of the main characters in the video game ''Time Crisis II'', later the main antagonist of ''Time Crisis 5'' * Robert Blake, main character in the story The Haunter of the Dark by H.P. Lovecraft * Robert the Devil, main character of a legend of medieval origin about a Norman knight who discovers he is the son of Satan * Robert "Yokai" Callaghan, a former robotics professor at the San Fransokyo Institute of Technology and the main antagonist of Big Hero 6 (film), Big Hero 6 * Robert Philip, one of the main characters in the 2007 film Enchanted (film), Enchanted * Robert Jürgens, owner of Griffolyon, character from the Japanese Manga series Beyblade (manga), Beyblade * Robert Drake, fictional superhero known as Iceman (Marvel Comics), Iceman, appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics, a founding member of the X-Men * Robert Ford, main character in TV series Westworld (TV series), Westworld * Robert "Rob" Smith, character from the TV series The Goldbergs (2013 TV series), The Goldbergs * Robert Langdon, symbologist and cryptologist in Dan Brown's novels ''Angels & Demons, The Da Vinci Code, The Lost Symbol & Inferno (Brown novel), Inferno'', the 2006 film The Da Vinci Code (film), ''The Da Vinci Code'' & the 2009 film Angels & Demons (film), ''Angels & Demons'' * Robert McGonagall, father of Minerva McGonagall, the transfiguration teacher and Head of Gryffindor House in the Harry Potter franchise; * Bobby Nash, Robert "Bobby" Nash, a firefighter in TV series 9-1-1 (TV series), 9-1-1 * Robert Neville, a main protagonist and US Army Virologist in 2007 movie ''I Am Legend (film), I Am Legend''; * Robert "Bob" Newby, a character from the TV series Stranger Things * Robert Paulson, a character in Chuck Palahniuk's novel ''Fight Club (novel), Fight Club'' and the 1999 Fight Club, film of the same name * Robert "Bob" Fossil, a zoo owner in the TV series The Mighty Boosh * Robert Reynolds, a Marvel Comics Superhero known as Sentry (Robert Reynolds), Sentry * Robbie Rotten, the main villain in ''LazyTown'' since the second play, ''Glanni Glæpur í Latabæ'' (Robbie Rotten in LazyTown); * Robbie Shapiro, Robert "Robbie" Shapiro, character from TV series Victorious * Bobby Singer, Robert "Bobby" Singer, fictional character in The CW Television Network's horror-drama television series Supernatural (U.S. TV series), Supernatural * Robert The Scotsman, character from animated series Samurai Jack * Robert "Bob" Stone, main character, CIA agent and martial arts specialist from the action comedy Central Intelligence * Robb Stark, Robert "Robb" Stark, a fictional character in ''A Song of Ice and Fire'' novels by George R. R. Martin & the 2011 TV series ''Game of Thrones'' * Robert Chan, chief executive of Umbrella Corps in Resident Evil franchise * Resident Evil characters, Robert "Bob" Kendo, a character from Resident Evil franchise * Robert, character from the Lithuanian soap opera Moterys meluoja geriau (Women lie better) and its Latvian version Viņas melo labāk * Robert T. Sturgeon, video game character in the Ninja Gaiden series * Robert "Bob" Gray, real name of the character known as It (character), It or Pennywise the Dancing Clown from the horror story and movies of the same name * SpongeBob SquarePants (character), Sponge Robert "Bob" SquarePants, title character of the animated series SpongeBob SquarePants * Robert "Bob" the Builder, a character from the British animated series Bob the Builder * Robert Seaver, a character from Homeward Bound: The Incredible Journey * Hulk, Robert Bruce Banner, a major character featured in Marvel Comics, known as Hulk, The Incredible Hulk * Dr Robert Gru, character from the Despicable Me franchise * Robert "Bob" Parr, a fictional superhero known as Mr Incredible from The Incredibles franchise * Robert Underdunk Terwilliger, known as Sideshow Bob, a character from the animated series The Simpsons * Robert Accutrone, a Quincy and a member of the Wandenreich's Sternritter with the designation "N" from the Bleach manga * Robert Stanton, a character from the American horror franchise Five Nights at Freddy's *Robert Garcia (Art of Fighting), Robert Garcia, a characters from the ''Art of Fighting'' and ''The King of Fighters'' series of video games

Folklore

* Puck (folklore), Robert Goodfellow, Household deity, domestic and nature sprite (creature), sprite, demon, or fairy in mythology * Knecht Ruprecht, Knight Robert, a legendary Christmas character from German folklore * Robert, one of the names often used to refer to a legendary Christmas character known as Krampus * Robert, one of the names often used to refer to the Devil in mythology

References

{{given name, type=both English-language masculine given names English masculine given names German masculine given names Dutch masculine given names Germanic given names French masculine given names Romanian masculine given names Norwegian masculine given names Swedish masculine given names Danish masculine given names Estonian masculine given names Icelandic masculine given names Irish masculine given names Scottish masculine given names

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References