Robert John Reed, Baron Reed of Allermuir, (born 7 September 1956) is a British judge who has been
President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
The President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is equivalent to the now-defunct position of Senior Lord of Appeal in Ordinary, also known as the Senior Law Lord, who was the highest ranking among the Lords of Appeal in Ordinary (the ju ...
since January 2020. He was the principal judge in the Commercial Court in Scotland before being promoted to the
Inner House
The Inner House is the senior part of the Court of Session, the supreme civil court in Scotland; the Outer House forms the junior part of the Court of Session. It is a court of appeal and a court of first instance. The chief justice is t ...
of the
Court of Session in 2008. He is an authority on
human rights law in Scotland and elsewhere; he served as one of the UK's ''ad hoc'' judges at the
European Court of Human Rights
The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR or ECtHR), also known as the Strasbourg Court, is an international court of the Council of Europe which interprets the European Convention on Human Rights. The court hears applications alleging that ...
. He was also a Non-Permanent Judge of the
Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong
The Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal (HKCFA or CFA) is the final appellate court of Hong Kong. It was established on 1 July 1997, upon the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, replacing the Judicial Committee of t ...
.
Early life
Reed was educated at
George Watson's College
George Watson's College is a co-educational independent day school in Scotland, situated on Colinton Road, in the Merchiston area of Edinburgh. It was first established as a hospital school in 1741, became a day school in 1871, and was merg ...
in Edinburgh (where he was
dux
''Dux'' (; plural: ''ducēs'') is Latin for "leader" (from the noun ''dux, ducis'', "leader, general") and later for duke and its variant forms (doge, duce, etc.). During the Roman Republic and for the first centuries of the Roman Empire, '' ...
), and studied at the
School of Law
A law school (also known as a law centre or college of law) is an institution specializing in legal education, usually involved as part of a process for becoming a lawyer within a given jurisdiction.
Law degrees Argentina
In Argentina, l ...
of the
University of Edinburgh
The University of Edinburgh ( sco, University o Edinburgh, gd, Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann; abbreviated as ''Edin.'' in post-nominals) is a public research university based in Edinburgh, Scotland. Granted a royal charter by King James VI in 15 ...
, taking a first class honours
LLB
Bachelor of Laws ( la, Legum Baccalaureus; LL.B.) is an undergraduate law degree in the United Kingdom and most common law jurisdictions. Bachelor of Laws is also the name of the law degree awarded by universities in the People's Republic of Chi ...
and winning a Vans Dunlop Scholarship. He then took a
DPhil
A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: or ') is the most common degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Because it is ...
at
Balliol College, Oxford, with a doctoral thesis on "Legal Control of Government Assistance to Industry", and was admitted to the
Faculty of Advocates
The Faculty of Advocates is an independent body of lawyers who have been admitted to practise as advocates before the courts of Scotland, especially the Court of Session and the High Court of Justiciary. The Faculty of Advocates is a constit ...
in 1983.
Legal career
Reed was Standing Junior Counsel to the
Scottish Education Department
The Scottish Government Education Directorates were a group of the civil service directorates in the Scottish Government. The Directorates were titled Children, Young People and Social Care; Schools; and Lifelong Learning. They were responsible ...
from 1988 to 1989, and to the
Scottish Office Home and Health Department from 1989 to 1995. He was appointed
Queen's Counsel
In the United Kingdom and in some Commonwealth countries, a King's Counsel (post-nominal initials KC) during the reign of a king, or Queen's Counsel (post-nominal initials QC) during the reign of a queen, is a lawyer (usually a barrister o ...
in 1995, and
Advocate Depute in 1996. He was appointed a
Senator of the College of Justice, a judge of the
Court of Session and
High Court of Justiciary
The High Court of Justiciary is the supreme criminal court in Scotland. The High Court is both a trial court and a court of appeal. As a trial court, the High Court sits on circuit at Parliament House or in the adjacent former Sheriff Cour ...
, the country's
College of Justice
The College of Justice includes the Supreme Courts of Scotland, and its associated bodies.
The constituent bodies of the national supreme courts are the Court of Session, the High Court of Justiciary, the Office of the Accountant of Court, an ...
, in 1998, with the judicial title, Lord Reed. He sat initially as a Judge of the
Outer House
The Outer House (abbreviated as CSOH in neutral citations) is one of the two parts of the Scottish Court of Session, which is the supreme civil court in Scotland. It is a court of first instance, although some statutory appeals are remitted t ...
, becoming Principal Commercial Judge in 2006. He has been one of the United Kingdom's ''ad hoc'' judges at the
European Court of Human Rights
The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR or ECtHR), also known as the Strasbourg Court, is an international court of the Council of Europe which interprets the European Convention on Human Rights. The court hears applications alleging that ...
, and sat in the Grand Chamber judgements on the appeals of
the killers of James Bulger in 1999. Between 2002 and 2004, he was an expert advisor to the EU/
Council of Europe Joint Initiative with Turkey. He was promoted to the
Inner House
The Inner House is the senior part of the Court of Session, the supreme civil court in Scotland; the Outer House forms the junior part of the Court of Session. It is a court of appeal and a court of first instance. The chief justice is t ...
(First Division) in 2008, and appointed to the
Privy Council.
He sat on the
UK Supreme Court during the illness of
Lord Rodger of Earlsferry
Alan Ferguson Rodger, Baron Rodger of Earlsferry, (18 September 1944 – 26 June 2011) was a Scottish academic, lawyer, and Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom.
He served as Lord Advocate, the senior Law Officer of Scotla ...
, along with
Lord Clarke, and succeeded Lord Rodger.
He has been Chairman of the Franco-British Judicial Co-operation Committee since 2005, and was President of the EU Forum of Judges for the Environment from 2006–08, now serving as Vice-President. He was a member of the Advisory Board of the British Institute for International and Comparative Law from 2001 to 06, and of the UN Task Force on Access to Justice since 2006. He is Convener of the charity Children in Scotland (since 2006) and Chairman of the University of Edinburgh Centre for Commercial Law (since 2008). He has been an Honorary Professor of Law at
Glasgow Caledonian University
Glasgow Caledonian University ( gd, Oilthigh Chailleannach Ghlaschu, ), informally GCU, Caledonian or Caley, is a public university in Glasgow, Scotland. It was formed in 1993 by the merger of The Queen's College, Glasgow (founded in 1875) and G ...
since 2005, and the
School of Law
A law school (also known as a law centre or college of law) is an institution specializing in legal education, usually involved as part of a process for becoming a lawyer within a given jurisdiction.
Law degrees Argentina
In Argentina, l ...
of the
University of Glasgow
, image = UofG Coat of Arms.png
, image_size = 150px
, caption = Coat of arms
Flag
, latin_name = Universitas Glasguensis
, motto = la, Via, Veritas, Vita
, ...
since 2006.
On 20 December 2011, it was announced that Reed would replace the late Lord Rodger of Earlsferry as a
Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. He was sworn in on 6 February 2012.
Lord Reed was Convener of the
Children in Scotland Board from February 2006–March 2012.
On 31 May 2017, he assumed office as a Non-Permanent Judge of the
Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong
The Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal (HKCFA or CFA) is the final appellate court of Hong Kong. It was established on 1 July 1997, upon the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, replacing the Judicial Committee of t ...
. On 30 March 2022, he tendered his resignation as a Hong Kong judge, citing concerns about the
national security law.
Reed was appointed
Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
The Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the second most senior judge of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, after the President of the Supreme Court. The office is equivalent to the now-defunct position of Second ...
in May 2018, succeeding
Lord Mance on his retirement. He was sworn into the new position on 6 June 2018.
On 25 January 2019 he was made an Honorary Fellow of
The Academy of Experts in recognition of his contribution and work for Expert Witnesses.
On 24 July 2019, the Queen declared her intention to appoint him President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and to raise him to the peerage. He succeeded
Baroness Hale of Richmond
Baron is a rank of nobility or title of honour, often hereditary, in various European countries, either current or historical. The female equivalent is baroness. Typically, the title denotes an aristocrat who ranks higher than a lord or knigh ...
as President on 11 January 2020 on her retirement and on the same day was created ''Baron Reed of Allermuir, of Sundridge Park in the London Borough of Bromley''. He was sworn in as president on 13 January and introduced to the House of Lords on 16 January.
Writing for the
UK Constitutional Law Association, Lewis Graham of the
University of Oxford
, mottoeng = The Lord is my light
, established =
, endowment = £6.1 billion (including colleges) (2019)
, budget = £2.145 billion (2019–20)
, chancellor ...
examined the empirical evidence relating to judgements of the Supreme Court under Reed up to April 2020, and found that it has been "more conservative when it comes to public law" compared to previous years.
Notable judgments
Lord Reed's judgments are characterised by an in-depth analysis of the common law. He has handed down judgements on various important topics of the law:
* ''AXA General Insurance Ltd v Lord Advocate''
011UKSC 46: On the limits on the Scottish Parliament’s powers
* ''Osborn v The Parole Board''
013UKSC 61,
0133 WLR 1020: On common law duty of procedural fairness
* ''Bank Mellat v Her Majesty’s Treasury (No. 2)''
013UKSC 39,
0141 AC 700 (Dissenting)
* ''AIB Group (UK) plc v Mark Redler & Co Solicitors''
014UKSC 58,
0143 WLR 1367: On the causation requirement for a breach of trust
* ''R (Bourgass) v Secretary of State for Justice''
015UKSC 54,
016AC 384
* ''Hesham Ali (Iraq) v Home Secretary''
016UKSC 60,
0161 WLR 4799
* ''
''
017UKSC 5,
018AC 61 (Dissenting): Lord Reed wrote the leading dissenting judgment in the Article 50 litigation, holding that the Government could initiate the UK’s withdrawal from the European Union without reference to Parliament
* ''Investment Trust Companies v Revenue and Customs Commissioners''
017UKSC 29;
018AC 275
* ''
R (UNISON) v Lord Chancellor
''R (UNISON) v Lord Chancellor'' 017UKSC 51is a UK labour law and UK constitutional law judgment of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. It held that fees for employment tribunals are unlawful because they impede access to justice, and defy ...
''
017UKSC 51,
0173 WLR 409: Declaring employment tribunal fees set by Lord Chancellor unlawful
* ''
Robinson v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire Police
is a leading English tort law case on the test for finding a duty of care. An elderly woman was injured by two police officers attempting to arrest a suspect and she claimed that the police owed her a duty of care not to be put in danger. The UK ...
''
018UKSC 4,
018AC 736: the duty of care owed by police officers under the common law
* ''Morris-Garner & Anor v One Step (Support) Ltd''
018UKSC 20,
019
Nineteen or 19 may refer to:
* 19 (number), the natural number following 18 and preceding 20
* one of the years 19 BC, AD 19, 1919, 2019
Films
* ''19'' (film), a 2001 Japanese film
* ''Nineteen'' (film), a 1987 science fiction film
Music ...
AC 649: On the availability of negotiating damages for breach of contract
* ''Jonathan Lu & Others v
Paul Chan Mo-Po
Paul Chan Mo-po (; born 18 March 1955) is the Financial Secretary of Hong Kong and former Secretary for Development of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. He was a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (Accountancy functional co ...
& Another''
018HKCFA 11, (2018) 21 HKCFAR 94: On the concept of malice in the common law of defamation in the context of qualified privilege
* ''
R (Miller) v Prime Minister
''R (Miller) v The Prime Minister'' and ''Cherry v Advocate General for Scotland'' ( 019UKSC 41), also known as ''Miller II'' and ''Miller/Cherry'', were joint landmark constitutional law cases on the limits of the power of royal prerogat ...
''
019
Nineteen or 19 may refer to:
* 19 (number), the natural number following 18 and preceding 20
* one of the years 19 BC, AD 19, 1919, 2019
Films
* ''19'' (film), a 2001 Japanese film
* ''Nineteen'' (film), a 1987 science fiction film
Music ...
UKSC 41,
020AC 373: Declaring the prorogation of Prime Minister Boris Johnson as unlawful (joint judgment with Lady Hale)
* ''WM Morrison Supermarkets plc v Various Claimants''
020UKSC 12,
0202 WLR 941: On vicarious liability
* ''
Sevilleja v Marex Financial Ltd''
020UKSC 31,
021AC 39: on the rule against
reflective loss
In United Kingdom company law, reflective loss is the loss of individual shareholders that is inseparable from general loss of the corporation, company. The rule against recovery of reflective loss states that there should be no double recovery, so ...
* ''
R (Begum) v Special Immigration Appeals Commission & Anor''
021UKSC 7,
0212 WLR 556: On whether Shamima Begum should be returned to the United Kingdom to challenge the Home Secretary's decision to deprive her nationality
Honours and awards
In 2015 Reed was elected a Fellow of the
Royal Society of Edinburgh. Lord Reed is
High Steward of the University of Oxford and succeeded
Lord Rodger
Alan Ferguson Rodger, Baron Rodger of Earlsferry, (18 September 1944 – 26 June 2011) was a Scottish academic, lawyer, and Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom.
He served as Lord Advocate, the senior Law Officer of Scotlan ...
as
Visitor of Balliol College, Oxford.
Personal life
He married Jane Mylne, Lady Reed in 1988, with whom he has two daughters.
See also
*
List of Senators of the College of Justice
The senators of the College of Justice are judges of the College of Justice, a set of legal institutions involved in the administration of justice in Scotland. There are three types of senator: Lords of Session (judges of the Court of Session); ...
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Reed, Robert
1956 births
Living people
Academics of Glasgow Caledonian University
Academics of the University of Glasgow
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh School of Law
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
British judges of international courts and tribunals
Crossbench life peers
Deputy Presidents of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Hong Kong judges
Judges of the European Court of Human Rights
Justices of the Court of Final Appeal (Hong Kong)
Judges of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
Members of the Faculty of Advocates
Members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
People educated at George Watson's College
20th-century King's Counsel
Reed
Reed or Reeds may refer to:
Science, technology, biology, and medicine
* Reed bird (disambiguation)
* Reed pen, writing implement in use since ancient times
* Reed (plant), one of several tall, grass-like wetland plants of the order Poales
* ...
Life peers created by Elizabeth II