Robert of Paris was the cardinal-presbyter of Sant'Eusebio from 1100 until his deposition in 1112. He was restored in 1119, but died shortly after. He served as an

apostolic legate 300px, A woodcut showing Henry II of England greeting the pope's legate. A papal legate or apostolic legate (from the ancient Roman title ''legatus'') is a personal representative of the pope to foreign nations, or to some part of the Catholic ...

to the Holy Land in 1102 in the aftermath of the

First Crusade The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The objective was the recovery of the Holy Land from Islamic ru ...

, during a critical period in the formation of the

Kingdom of Jerusalem The Kingdom of Jerusalem ( la, Regnum Hierosolymitanum; fro, Roiaume de Jherusalem), officially known as the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem or the Frankish Kingdom of Palestine,Example (title of works): was a Crusader state that was establishe ...

. Robert is sometimes said to have been created a cardinal by Pope

Urban II Pope Urban II ( la, Urbanus II; – 29 July 1099), otherwise known as Odo of Châtillon or Otho de Lagery, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 March 1088 to his death. He is best known for convening th ...

in 1088, but in fact he is only attested as a cardinal for the first time on 25 August 1100 in

Salerno Salerno (, , ; nap, label= Salernitano, Saliernë, ) is an ancient city and ''comune'' in Campania (southwestern Italy) and is the capital of the namesake province, being the second largest city in the region by number of inhabitants, after ...

. Shortly after, he attended the synod of

Melfi Melfi (Neapolitan language, Lucano: ) is a town and ''comune'' in the Vulture area of the province of Potenza, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata. Geographically, it is midway between Naples and Bari. In 2015 it had a population of 17,7 ...

in October 1100, the first synod held under

Paschal II Pope Paschal II ( la, Paschalis II; 1050 1055 – 21 January 1118), born Ranierius, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 August 1099 to his death in 1118. A monk of the Abbey of Cluny, he was cre ...

. In 1102, Robert was sent to the Holy Land as an

to replace the late Cardinal

Maurice of Porto Maurice (Latin ''Mauritius'', Italian ''Maurizio'') was the cardinal-bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina from between 1095 and 1099 until 1102. Following the success of the First Crusade, he was the apostolic legate in the Holy Land from 1100 until his ...

. On 8 October 1102, he formally deposed the patriarch of Jerusalem,

Dagobert Dagobert or Taginbert is a Germanic male given name, possibly from Old Frankish ''Dag'' "day" and ''beraht'' "bright". Alternatively, it has been identified as Gaulish ''dago'' "good" ''berxto'' "bright". Animals * Roi Dagobert (born 1964), t ...

, on charges of murder, treason and embezzlement. He then presided over the election of his successor, Ebremar. Robert attended the synod held in the Lateran during Lent 1105. His presence may indicate that it was this council that restored Dagobert to the patriarchate, since in a letter to the church, king and people of Jerusalem written in 1107, after Dagobert's death, Paschal II refers to the patriarch's restoration by a council following many tribulations at the hands of the addressees. In 1111, Robert was one of the strongest opponents of the so-called '' Pravilege'' ("bad law"), in which Paschal II, a virtual prisoner of the Emperor

Henry V Henry V may refer to: People * Henry V, Duke of Bavaria (died 1026) * Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor (1081/86–1125) * Henry V, Duke of Carinthia (died 1161) * Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine (c. 1173–1227) * Henry V, Count of Luxembourg (121 ...

, had conceded the right of investiture to the emperor. He was one of the authors, along with

Leo of Ostia Leo Marsicanus (meaning "of the Marsi") or Ostiensis (meaning "of Ostia"), also known as Leone dei Conti di Marsi (1046, Marsica – 1115/7, Ostia), was a nobleman and monk of Monte Cassino around 1061 and Italian cardinal from the 12th cent ...

, Gregory of Terracina, Girard of Angoulême, Gualo of Saint-Pol-de-Léon and Gregory of Santi Apostoli, of the ''Gesta dampnationis pravilegii'', a violently-worded tract condemning the ''Pravilege''. On account of his strong opposition to any compromise with the emperor, Paschal deposed him (along with Gregory of Santi Apostoli) in 1112 on the charge of heresy. He was only restored in 1119 after writing a letter to the new pope,

Calixtus II Pope Callixtus II or Callistus II ( – 13 December 1124), born Guy of Burgundy, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1 February 1119 to his death in 1124. His pontificate was shaped by the Investiture Controversy, ...

, congratulating him on his election and asking to have the stain of heresy removed.

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Bibliography

* * * * * * {{authority control 12th-century French cardinals Christians of the Crusades