Rifeh or Deir Rifeh (also known as Rifa) is a village in Egypt. The name refers today most often to a series of ancient Egyptian cemeteries nearby. These are the burial grounds of the ancient town

Shashotep Hypselis or Hypsela ( grc, Ύψηλή; cop, ϣⲱⲧⲡ), known to the ancient Egyptians as Shashotep, is an ancient Egyptian city and Roman bishopric, which was located near the modern town of Shutb (or ash-Shatb, Chutb) in the Asyut Governorate ...

. The cemeteries date from the end of the

First Intermediate Period The First Intermediate Period, described as a 'dark period' in ancient Egyptian history, spanned approximately 125 years, c. 2181–2055 BC, after the end of the Old Kingdom. It comprises the Seventh (although this is mostly considered spurious ...

to the Roman Period. Especially important are the burials of the Middle Kingdom. In this period Shashotep was the capital of the 11th Upper Egyptian province. Several decorated rock cut tombs were carved into the rocky hills. They belong to the local governors of the period. Nakht-Khnum and Nefer-Khnum are the two whose names survived. In front of these tombs were burials of lower officials that were working for these local governors. One of them is the

Tomb of Two Brothers The Tomb of Two Brothers is an ancient sepulchre in Deir Rifeh, Egypt. It contains the chamber tomb of the ancient Egyptian high status priests Nakht-Ankh and Khnum-Nakht, which dates from the 12th Dynasty. Tomb The brothers' tomb was found u ...

, that was found undisturbed and still contained an array of important artefacts. Further away and closer to the Nile were the burials of the more common people. Typical for many of these burials dating to the Middle Kingdom model clay houses, once placed on top of the burial. They are called in Egyptology "soul houses". Further burials belong to the Second Intermediate Period and to the New Kingdom, when Shashotep was no longer the capital of a province. The cemeteries were excavated in 1906 by

Flinders Petrie Sir William Matthew Flinders Petrie ( – ), commonly known as simply Flinders Petrie, was a British Egyptologist and a pioneer of systematic methodology in archaeology and the preservation of artefacts. He held the first chair of Egypt ...

. The results were published in 1907.W. M. Flinders Petrie: ''Gizeh and Rifeh'', London 1907

References

{{coord, 27.1000, N, 31.1750, E, source:wikidata, display=title Cemeteries in Egypt Tombs of ancient Egypt