Richmond is a town in the central
Karoo region of the
Northern Cape Province
The Northern Cape is the largest and most sparsely populated province of South Africa. It was created in 1994 when the Cape Province was split up. Its capital is Kimberley. It includes the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park, part of the Kgalagadi ...
,
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the Atlantic Ocean, South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the ...
. It is situated on the main
N1 route.
Origin, architecture and history
The town was established in 1843 in South Africa's inland plateau.
It was founded to meet the religious needs of a growing farming community, but unlike most Karoo towns the church was not built as the physical focal point of the village; rather, the centrepiece is the village square. Unusually for this arid region, it was built astride a river which has been cited as the reason for the irregular street grid.
[History of Richmond](_blank)
/ref> The town has a substantial number of well-preserved houses and public buildings of Victorian and Edwardian
The Edwardian era or Edwardian period of British history spanned the reign of King Edward VII, 1901 to 1910 and is sometimes extended to the start of the First World War. The death of Queen Victoria in January 1901 marked the end of the Victori ...
Karoo style, with additions of verandahs dating from the 1920s. The Dutch Reformed Church
The Dutch Reformed Church (, abbreviated NHK) was the largest Christian denomination in the Netherlands from the onset of the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century until 1930. It was the original denomination of the Dutch Royal Family and ...
building, the spiritual if not the physical centre around which the town evolved, dates from 1847, with a tower completed in 1909. It celebrated a centenary in 2009.
The naming of the town originated in the desire of the townsfolk to honour the new Governor of the Cape, Sir Peregrine Maitland
General Sir Peregrine Maitland, GCB (6 July 1777 – 30 May 1854) was a British soldier and colonial administrator. He also was a first-class cricketer from 1798 to 1808 and an early advocate for the establishment of what would become the Canadi ...
, who took office in 1844. Maitland declined, however, suggesting instead that it be named after his father-in-law, the Duke of Richmond. It was officially named Richmond in October 1845. It was a resort town for European aristocratic patients of lung diseases such as whooping cough and tuberculosis in the 1800s due to its clean air and mineral rich waters.
Notable residents
* Richmond was the birthplace of medical pioneer Dr Albert Hoffa,[ hailed as the founder of modern orthopaedics, author of a famous textbook and some of whose techniques are still in use. Born in Richmond on 31 March 1859, the son of a local doctor, he studied medicine in Germany. In 1886 Hoffa was appointed as lecturer at the ]University of Würzburg
The Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg (also referred to as the University of Würzburg, in German ''Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg'') is a public research university in Würzburg, Germany. The University of Würzburg is one of ...
, later becoming Professor and moving to Berlin
Berlin ( , ) is the capital and List of cities in Germany by population, largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European Union by population within ci ...
. He died in 1907.
* Heart transplant
A heart transplant, or a cardiac transplant, is a surgical transplant procedure performed on patients with end-stage heart failure or severe coronary artery disease when other medical or surgical treatments have failed. , the most common procedu ...
pioneer Professor Chris Barnard
Christiaan Neethling Barnard (8 November 1922 – 2 September 2001) was a South African cardiac surgeon who performed the world's first human-to-human heart transplant operation. On 3 December 1967, Barnard transplanted the heart of accident-v ...
would spend time at his Richmond farm, Ratelfontein.
* Josephine Dale Lace, flamboyant Johannesburg socialite, mistress of King Edward VII, was born Josephine Cornelia Brink in Richmond.
Book Town
Richmond achieves renown in the first decade of the twenty-first century as a Book Town, hosting an annual book festival known a
Bookbedonnerd
Visual Arts
Richmond is also being placed on the visual arts map, by a project called "modern arts projects south- africa".[http://www.map-southafrica.org www.map-southafrica.org]
See also
* List of heritage sites in Richmond, Northern Cape
References
External links
The Richmond Community Development Foundation
Radio talk on Heritage Symposium held in Richmond, October 2014, with focus on the history of Jose Dale Lace
{{Authority control
Populated places in the Ubuntu Local Municipality
Populated places established in 1843
1843 establishments in the British Empire