Richfield Tower, also known as the Richfield Oil Company Building, was an office tower constructed between 1928 and 1929 and served as the headquarters of
Richfield Oil
Richfield Oil Corporation was an American petroleum company based in California from 1905 to 1966. In 1966 it merged with Atlantic Refining Company to form the Atlantic Richfield Company (later renamed ARCO).
History
The Richfield Oil Corpora ...
in
Los Angeles
Los Angeles ( ; es, Los Ángeles, link=no , ), often referred to by its initials L.A., is the largest city in the state of California and the second most populous city in the United States after New York City, as well as one of the world' ...
, California.
History
It was designed by
Stiles O. Clements and featured a black and gold
Art Deco
Art Deco, short for the French ''Arts Décoratifs'', and sometimes just called Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design, that first appeared in France in the 1910s (just before World War I), and flourished in the Unite ...
façade. The unusual color scheme was meant to symbolize the "black gold" that was Richfield's business.
Haig Patigian
Haig Patigian ( hy, Հայկ Բադիկեան; January 22, 1876 – September 19, 1950), was an Armenian-American sculptor.
Biography
Patigian was born in the city of Van, Turkey, Van in the Ottoman Empire. His parents were teachers at the Am ...
did the exterior sculptures.
The building was covered with
architectural terra cotta
Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. It is both the process and the product of sketching, conceiving, planning, designing, and constructing buildings o ...
manufactured by
Gladding, McBean
Gladding, McBean is a ceramics company located in Lincoln, California. It is one of the oldest companies in California, a pioneer in ceramics technology, and a company which has "contributed immeasurably" to the state's industrialization. During ...
, as was typical of many west coast buildings from this era. In an unusual move, all four sides were covered since they were all visible in the downtown location.
The 12-floor building was tall, including a tower atop the building, emblazoned vertically with the name "Richfield". Lighting on the tower was made to simulate an oilwell gusher and the motif was reused at some Richfield service stations.
The company outgrew the building, and it was demolished in 1969, much to the dismay of
Los Angeles
Los Angeles ( ; es, Los Ángeles, link=no , ), often referred to by its initials L.A., is the largest city in the state of California and the second most populous city in the United States after New York City, as well as one of the world' ...
residents and those interested in architectural preservation, to make way for the present
ARCO Plaza
City National Plaza is a twin tower skyscraper complex on South Flower Street in western Downtown Los Angeles, California, United States. It was originally named ARCO Plaza upon opening in 1972.
History
Richfield Tower
The present complex is ...
skyscraper
A skyscraper is a tall continuously habitable building having multiple floors. Modern sources currently define skyscrapers as being at least or in height, though there is no universally accepted definition. Skyscrapers are very tall high-ris ...
complex. The elaborate black-and-gold elevator doors were salvaged from the building and now reside in the lobby of the new ARCO building (now
City National Tower).
The central figures of the Tympanum (Navigation, Aviation, Postal Service and Industry) over the main entry were donated by the Atlantic Richfield Company to the UC Santa Barbara Art & Design Museum, negotiated by Professor
David Gebhard
David S. Gebhard (1927 – 1 March 1996) was a leading architectural historian, particularly known for his books on the architecture and architects of California. He was a long-time faculty member at the University of California, Santa Barbara ...
, noted UCSB architectural historian. He published a small illustrated volume on the building before demolition: ''The Richfield Building 1928–1968''
(Atlantic Richfield Co., Santa Barbara, 1970).
After languishing in university storage for over a decade, three of the four figures were mounted outside the UCSB Student Health Center in 1982. The fourth figure was incomplete and remains in storage.
Richfield Tower was starkly featured in a few scenes of
Michelangelo Antonioni
Michelangelo Antonioni (, ; 29 September 1912 – 30 July 2007) was an Italian filmmaker. He is best known for directing his "trilogy on modernity and its discontents"—''L'Avventura'' (1960), ''La Notte'' (1961), and ''L'Eclisse'' (1962 ...
's 1970 film ''
Zabriskie Point
Zabriskie Point is a part of the Amargosa Range located east of Death Valley in Death Valley National Park in California, United States, noted for its erosional landscape. It is composed of sediments from Furnace Creek Lake, which dried up 5 mi ...
'', shot shortly before its demolition.
Gallery
File:EXTERIOR, NORTH SIDE DETAIL OF UPPER FLOORS - Richfield Oil Building, 555 South Flower Street, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, CA HABS CAL,19-LOSAN,67-8.tif, Front detail
File:EXTERIOR, DETAIL OF UPPER FLOORS WITH TERRA COTTA FIGURES - Richfield Oil Building, 555 South Flower Street, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, CA HABS CAL,19-LOSAN,67-19.tif, Terracotta
Terracotta, terra cotta, or terra-cotta (; ; ), in its material sense as an earthenware substrate, is a clay-based ceramic glaze, unglazed or glazed ceramic where the pottery firing, fired body is porous.
In applied art, craft, construction, a ...
figures at the side
File:EXTERIOR, DETAIL OF SCULPTURED FIGURES ON UPPER FLOORS - Richfield Oil Building, 555 South Flower Street, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, CA HABS CAL,19-LOSAN,67-20.tif, Terracotta angel, closeup
File:EXTERIOR, DETAIL OF HEAD OF FIGURE, SIDE VIEW, UPPER FLOORS - Richfield Oil Building, 555 South Flower Street, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, CA HABS CAL,19-LOSAN,67-21.tif, View from upper floors
File:EXTERIOR, EAST ENTRANCE, FROM OUTSIDE LOOKING IN TOWARD LOBBY - Richfield Oil Building, 555 South Flower Street, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, CA HABS CAL,19-LOSAN,67-16.tif, East entrance
File:Richfield Oil Building, 555 South Flower Street, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, CA HABS CAL,19-LOSAN,67- (sheet 7 of 17).png, Layout
File:Richfield Building, Los Angeles, California (65013).jpg, alt=Colored postcard, before 1945, Colorized
Film colorization (American English; or colourisation [British English], or colourization [Canadian English and Oxford English]) is any process that adds color to black-and-white, sepia, or other monochrome moving-picture image ...
postcard, (between circa 1930 and circa 1945)
File:LOCRichfield19-LOSAN67-2.jpg, North side and east front of building, 1968
File:LOCRichfield19-LOSAN67-57.jpg, West side of building during demolition, April 1969
See also
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Explanatory notes
References
Further reading
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External links
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{{BP
Skyscraper office buildings in Los Angeles
Buildings and structures in Downtown Los Angeles
Former skyscrapers
ARCO
Oil company headquarters in the United States
Office buildings completed in 1929
Buildings and structures demolished in 1969
Demolished buildings and structures in Los Angeles
Demolished buildings and structures in California
1929 establishments in California
1920s architecture in the United States
Morgan, Walls & Clements buildings
Art Deco architecture in California