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Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster and 3rd Baron of Connaught (; ; 1259 – 29 July 1326), called The Red Earl ( Latinized to de Burgo), was one of the most powerful Irish nobles of the late 13th and early 14th centuries and father of
Elizabeth Elizabeth or Elisabeth may refer to: People * Elizabeth (given name), a female given name (including people with that name) * Elizabeth (biblical figure), mother of John the Baptist Ships * HMS ''Elizabeth'', several ships * ''Elisabeth'' (sch ...
, wife of King
Robert the Bruce Robert I (11 July 1274 – 7 June 1329), popularly known as Robert the Bruce (Scottish Gaelic: ''Raibeart an Bruis''), was King of Scots from 1306 to his death in 1329. One of the most renowned warriors of his generation, Robert eventual ...
of Scotland.


Early life

Richard's father was
Walter de Burgh, 1st Earl of Ulster Walter de Burgh, 1st Earl of Ulster, 2nd Lord of Connaught (; ; 1230 – 28 July 1271) also spelt Burke or Bourke, was an Irish peer from the House of Burgh. Biography De Burgh was the second son of Richard Mór de Burgh, 1st Lord of Conna ...
(of the second creation) and
Lord of Connacht Lord of Connaught (Connacht) was a title used by several Norman barons in Ireland. Granted to William de Burgh, the lordship was claimed by his son, Richard Mór de Burgh, 1st Baron of Connaught, Richard Mor de Burgh, and his descendants. Conques ...
, who was the second son of Richard Mór de Burgh, 1st Lord of Connaught and
Egidia de Lacy Egidia de Lacy, Lady of Connacht (c. 1205 – 24 February 1240), was a Cambro-Norman noblewoman, the wife of Richard Mór de Burgh, 1st Baron of Connaught and Strathearn (c.1194–1242), and the mother of his seven children, including Walter ...
. Richard's mother was Aveline FitzJohn, daughter of Sir John FitzGeoffrey. "Richard Óg", means "Richard the Young", which may be a reference to his youth when he became earl in 1271, or to differentiate him from his grandfather, Richard Mór.


Earl of Ulster

Richard Óg was the most powerful of the de Burgh Earls of Ulster, succeeding his father in Ulster and Connacht upon reaching his majority in 1280. He was a friend of King
Edward I of England Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1272 to 1307. Concurrently, he ruled the duchies of Aquitaine and Gascony as a vassa ...
, who summoned him repeatedly to attend him in person in the Scottish wars, and ranked first among the Earls of Ireland. Richard married Margaret, the daughter of his cousin John de Burgh (also spelled de Borough) and Cecily Baillol. He pursued expansionist policies that often left him at odds with fellow
Norman Norman or Normans may refer to: Ethnic and cultural identity * The Normans, a people partly descended from Norse Vikings who settled in the territory of Normandy in France in the 10th and 11th centuries ** People or things connected with the Norm ...
lords, in particular the FitzGeralds. In the 1290s he clashed fiercely with
John FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Kildare John FitzThomas (c. 1250 – d. 10 September 1316) was an Anglo-Norman in the Peerage of Ireland, as 4th Lord of Offaly from 1287 and subsequently as 1st Earl of Kildare from 1316. Life He was the eldest son of Thomas FitzMaurice (son of Maur ...
. Matters reached a climax in 1294 when Kildare captured Richard and imprisoned him at Lea Castle for several months "to the disturbance of the whole land". The
Parliament of Ireland The Parliament of Ireland ( ga, Parlaimint na hÉireann) was the legislature of the Lordship of Ireland, and later the Kingdom of Ireland, from 1297 until 1800. It was modelled on the Parliament of England and from 1537 comprised two chamb ...
eventually secured Richard's release and thereafter relations between the two men improved, with Richard's daughter Joan marrying Kildare's son and heir. Kildare, though he received a royal pardon for his actions, was forced to surrender his lands in Connacht to Richard, and proved no threat to Richard's policy of expansion in the longer term. Richard's daughter
Elizabeth Elizabeth or Elisabeth may refer to: People * Elizabeth (given name), a female given name (including people with that name) * Elizabeth (biblical figure), mother of John the Baptist Ships * HMS ''Elizabeth'', several ships * ''Elisabeth'' (sch ...
became the second wife of King
Robert the Bruce Robert I (11 July 1274 – 7 June 1329), popularly known as Robert the Bruce (Scottish Gaelic: ''Raibeart an Bruis''), was King of Scots from 1306 to his death in 1329. One of the most renowned warriors of his generation, Robert eventual ...
of Scotland. However, this did not stop Richard from leading his forces from Ireland to support England's
King Edward I Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1272 to 1307. Concurrently, he ruled the duchies of Aquitaine and Gascony as a vassal ...
in his Scottish campaigns; Edward captured Elizabeth in 1306, but in order to gain the support of Richard, Edward only put Elizabeth under house arrest. When the forces of
Edward Bruce Edward Bruce, Earl of Carrick ( Norman French: ; mga, Edubard a Briuis; Modern Scottish Gaelic: gd, Eideard or ; – 14 October 1318), was a younger brother of Robert the Bruce, King of Scots. He supported his brother in the 1306–1314 st ...
invaded Ulster in 1315, the Red Earl led a force against him, but suffered defeat at Connor in Antrim. The invasion of Bruce and the uprising of
Felim McHugh O'Connor Felim McHugh O'Connor ( Irish: ''Feidhlimid mac Aedh Ó Conchobair'', 1293–1316) was king of Connacht in Ireland from January 1310 to 10 August 1316. The beginning of his kingship saw a revival in the ancient form of inauguration performed for ...
in Connacht left Richard virtually without authority in his lands, but O'Connor was killed in 1316 at the
Second Battle of Athenry The Second Battle of Athenry ( ) took place at Athenry ( gle, Áth na Ríogh) in Ireland on 10 August 1316 during the Bruce campaign in Ireland. Overview The collective number of both armies are unknown, and can only be estimated. Martyn bel ...
. The result was that Richard was able to recover Ulster after the defeat of Bruce at
Faughart Faughart (also written Fochart) is an early Christian ruins and shrine site just north of Dundalk, County Louth, Ireland. As a popular site for modern pilgrimages, it was the birthplace of St. Brigid in 451 AD, and one of her relics is held in a c ...
. Richard died on 29 July 1326 at
Athassel Priory Athassel Priory is the largest medieval priory in Ireland, stretching over a site. The priory dates back to the late 12th century when it was founded by the Augustinians under the patronage of William de Burgh. William's grandson Hubert de Bu ...
, near Cashel, County Tipperary.


Children and family

* Aveline de Burgh (b. c. 1280), married
John de Bermingham, 1st Earl of Louth John de Bermingham, 1st and last Earl of Louth (died 13 June 1329) was an Irish peer. He was the commander of the Anglo-Irish army in the Battle of Faughart, the decisive battle in the Irish Bruce Wars 1315–1318. In this battle, Edward Bruc ...
* Eleanor de Burgh (1282 – aft. August 1324), married
Thomas de Multon, 1st Baron Multon of Egremont Thomas de Multon (died 1322), Lord of Egremont, was an English noble. He was the eldest son of Thomas de Multon of Egremont and Emoine Le Boteler. Thomas was summoned to parliament as Baron Multon of Egremont, between 1297 and 1320, being enga ...
*
Elizabeth de Burgh Lady Elizabeth de Burgh (; ; c. 1289 – 27 October 1327) was the second wife and the only queen consort of King Robert the Bruce. Elizabeth was born sometime around 1289, probably in what is now County Down or County Antrim in Ulster, th ...
(c. 1284 – 26 October 1327), Queen consort of Scotland, married
Robert the Bruce Robert I (11 July 1274 – 7 June 1329), popularly known as Robert the Bruce (Scottish Gaelic: ''Raibeart an Bruis''), was King of Scots from 1306 to his death in 1329. One of the most renowned warriors of his generation, Robert eventual ...
as his second wife, and was the mother of
David II of Scotland David II (5 March 1324 – 22 February 1371) was King of Scots from 1329 until his death in 1371. Upon the death of his father, Robert the Bruce, David succeeded to the throne at the age of five, and was crowned at Scone in November 1331, becom ...
* Walter de Burgh (c. 1285–1304) * John de Burgh (c. 1286 – 18 June 1313) * Maud de Burgh (c. 1288–1320), married
Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford Gilbert de Clare, 8th Earl of Gloucester, 7th Earl of Hertford (c. 10 May 1291 – 24 June 1314) was an English nobleman and military commander in the Scottish Wars. In contrast to most English earls at the time, his main focus lay in t ...
* Thomas de Burgh (c. 1292–1316) * Katherine de Burgh (c. 1296 – 1 November 1331), married
Maurice Fitzgerald, 1st Earl of Desmond Maurice FitzThomas FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Desmond (died 25 January 1356) in Dublin Castle, Dublin, Ireland was an Irish nobleman in the Peerage of Ireland, Captain of Desmond Castle in Kinsale, so-called ruler of Munster, and for a short time ...
*
Edmond de Burgh Sir Edmund de Burgh (; ; 1298–1338) was an Irish knight and ancestor of the Burke family of Clanwilliam. Background De Burgh was the fifth and last surviving son of Richard, Lord of Connaught and Earl of Ulster. His elder brother, John de ...
(b. c. 1298) * Joan de Burgh (c. 1300 – 23 April 1359), married firstly,
Thomas FitzGerald, 2nd Earl of Kildare Thomas FitzJohn, 2nd Earl of Kildare, Lord Offaly (died 9 April 1328) was a noble in the Peerage of Ireland who held the office of Lord Justice of Ireland. The eldest son of John FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Kildare, Lord Offaly, by his spouse Blanch ...
, by whom she had issue, and secondly, Sir
John Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy de Knayth John D'arcy, 1st Baron D'arcy de Knayth (c. 1290 – 30 May 1347) was an English peer. He was created 1st Baron Darcy in 1317."Lady D'arcy de Knayth" (2008, March 12). ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved October 18, 2014 from https://www.telegraph.co ...
, by whom she had issue, including Elizabeth Darcy who married James Butler, 2nd Earl of Ormond


Annalistic references

From the ''
Annals of the Four Masters The ''Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland'' ( ga, Annála Ríoghachta Éireann) or the ''Annals of the Four Masters'' (''Annála na gCeithre Máistrí'') are chronicles of medieval Irish history. The entries span from the Deluge, dated as 2,24 ...
'': * ''M1303.8.A great army was led by the King of England into Scotland; and the Red Earl and many of the Irish and English went with a large fleet from Ireland to his assistance. On this occasion they took many cities, and gained sway over Scotland. Theobald Burke, the Earl's brother, died after his return from this expedition, on Christmas night, at Carrickfergus.'' * ''M1304.2. The Countess, wife of Richard Burke, Earl of Ulster, i.e. the Red Earl, and Walter de Burgo, heir of the same Earl, died.'' * ''M1305.2. The new castle of Inishowen was erected by the Red Earl.''


Ancestry


Notes


References

* * ''Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700'' by Frederick Lewis Weis; Lines 73–30, 177B-8, 177B-9. * ''The Tribes and customs of Hy-Many'', John O'Donovan, 1843 * ''The Surnames of Ireland'',
Edward MacLysaght Edgeworth Lysaght, later Edward Anthony Edgeworth Lysaght, and from 1920 Edward MacLysaght ( ga, Éamonn Mac Giolla Iasachta; 6 November 1887 – 4 March 1986) was a genealogist of twentieth century Ireland. His numerous books on Irish surnames ...
, Dublin, 1978. * ''The Anglo-Normans in Co. Galway: the process of colonisation'', Patrick Holland, ''Journal of the
Galway Archaeological and Historical Society The Galway Archaeological and Historical Society was founded on 21 March 1900, at the Railway Hotel, Galway. It promotes the study of the archaeology and history of the west of Ireland. Since 1900, the Society has published 70 volumes of the ''J ...
, vol. 41,(1987–88) * ''Excavation on the line of the medieval town defences of Loughrea, Co. Galway'', J.G.A.& H.S., vol. 41, (1987–88) * ''Anglo-Norman Galway; rectangular earthworks and moated sites'', Patrick Holland, J.G.A. & H.S., vol. 46 (1993) * '' Rindown Castle: a royal fortress in Co. Roscommon'', Sheelagh Harbison'', J.G.A. & H.S., vol. 47 (1995) * ''The Anglo-Norman landscape in County Galway; land-holdings, castles and settlements'', Patrick Holland, J.G.A.& H.S., vol. 49 (1997) * ''Annals of Ulster'' at CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts a
University College Cork
* ''Annals of Tigernach'' at CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts a
University College Cork
of McCarthy's synchronisms at
Trinity College Dublin , name_Latin = Collegium Sanctae et Individuae Trinitatis Reginae Elizabethae juxta Dublin , motto = ''Perpetuis futuris temporibus duraturam'' (Latin) , motto_lang = la , motto_English = It will last i ...
. * {{DEFAULTSORT:Og de Burgh, Richard, 02 Earl of Ulster and 03 Baron of Connaught Burgh 1259 births 1326 deaths Nobility from County Limerick Norman warriors People from County Galway 13th-century Irish people 14th-century Irish people
Richard Richard is a male given name. It originates, via Old French, from Frankish language, Old Frankish and is a Compound (linguistics), compound of the words descending from Proto-Germanic language, Proto-Germanic ''*rīk-'' 'ruler, leader, king' an ...
Normans in Ireland