''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of

pleurocarpous The Bryopsida constitute the largest class of mosses, containing 95% of all moss species. It consists of approximately 11,500 species, common throughout the whole world. The group is distinguished by having spore capsules with teeth that are '' ...

mosses Mosses are small, non-vascular flowerless plants in the taxonomic division Bryophyta (, ) ''sensu stricto''. Bryophyta (''sensu lato'', Schimp. 1879) may also refer to the parent group bryophytes, which comprise liverworts, mosses, and horn ...

belonging to the family

Brachytheciaceae Brachytheciaceae is a family of mosses from the order Hypnales. The family includes over 40 genera and 250 species. Description The family consists of pleurocarpous mosses with very diverse appearances. They are irregular or pinnately branched ...

. The genus has a

cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. Such a taxon, usually a species, is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism. The ext ...

across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate regions. The genus contains both aquatic and terrestrial species. The genus was named for their rostrate opercula. The type species of this genus is ''Rhynchostegium confertum'' (Dicks.) Schimp.

Etymology

The genus name comes from the Greek ''rhyncho-'' (beaked) and ''stegos'' (a lid), which refers to the rostrate operculum of the sporophyte.

History

The genus was first described by Bruch and

Wilhelm Philippe Schimper Wilhelm Philippe Schimper (January 12, 1808 – March 20, 1880, in Lichtenberg) was an Alsatian botanist with French, later German citizenship. He was born in Dossenheim-sur-Zinsel, but spent his youth in Offwiller, a village at the foot of the ...

in 1852.

Habitats

Terrestrial species of ''Rhynchostegium'' live in moist to wet or shaded habitats, on rock, soil, tree base, tree stem, and logs. Aquatic species live by or in running water, including streams, springs, rivers, beds of waterfalls, and seepy cliffs.

Morphology

Gametophyte

''Rhynchostegium'' are small to large mosses that form either loose tuft or extensive mats on the substrate, with irregular or regular branching. The younger plants are generally deep green or light green; aging plants could become whitish, brownish, or paler green. Stems are creeping and lack hyaloderm, with acute to acuminate pseudoparaphyllia. Stem leaves are erectopatent or erect. Branch leaves are similar in morphology to stem leaves but smaller and sometimes narrower. Leaves are commonly straightly to homomallously arranged; subimbricate, subcomplanate, or complanate arrangement are sometimes seen, especially in branch leaves. Leaf base, decurrent or not, varies from

ovate Ovate may refer to: *Ovate (egg-shaped) leaves, tepals, or other botanical parts *Ovate, a type of prehistoric stone hand axe *Ovates, one of three ranks of membership in the Welsh Gorsedd *Vates In modern English, the nouns vates () and ovat ...

to ovate-cordate, occasionally

lanceolate The following is a list of terms which are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (a single leaf blade or lamina) or compound (with several leaflets). The edge of the leaf may be regular o ...

, and the narrowing from gradual to abrupt, towards a short- or long-

acuminate The following is a list of terms which are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (a single leaf blade or lamina) or compound (with several leaflets). The edge of the leaf may be regular o ...

apex, where sometimes a differentiated long acumen or apiculus is present. The leaves have a single costa that generally smoothly ends 35-75% up the leaf, and more often in branch leaves in an abaxial spine. Leaf surfaces vary from flat to slightly concave and not to strongly longitudinally plicate, with little to some pores and linear laminal cells. Leaf margins are serrate to

serrulate The following is a list of terms which are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (a single leaf blade or lamina) or compound (with several leaflets). The edge of the leaf may be regular o ...

. Axillary hairs constitute of 3-7 cells, with 1-3 upper cells. Alar cells are slightly enlarged, and either undifferentiated or quadrate to elongate-rectangular.

Sporophyte

''Rhynchostegium'' are autoicous. Covered by a naked calyptra is a rostrate to long-rostrate operculum attached to a red-brown to brown, oblong-cylindric, weakly curved capsule, which is inclined or horizontal to a red-brown, smooth seta that has abruptly contracted perichaetial leaves at the base, with acumen straight to reflexed. An annulus separates the operculum. The peristome is xerochastic and perfect, which the red to orange-red exostomes have reduced trabeculae and cross-striolae at the base of the teeth; in rare cases the exostomes are narrow and yellow. The broadly or narrowly perforated endostomes and developed to vestigial cilia are supported by a low or high basal membrane. Spore diameters range between 9-16 μm.

Biochemistry

Allelopathy

Allelopathy Allelopathy is a biological phenomenon by which an organism produces one or more biochemicals that influence the germination, growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms. These biochemicals are known as allelochemicals and can have be ...

has been studied on ''Rhynchostegium pallidifolium'', which usually form pure colonies in their natural habitat. Methanol extract of ''R.pallidifolium'' represses the seedling of cress,

alfalfa Alfalfa () (''Medicago sativa''), also called lucerne, is a perennial flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae. It is cultivated as an important forage crop in many countries around the world. It is used for grazing, hay, and silage, as w ...

lettuce Lettuce (''Lactuca sativa'') is an annual plant of the family Asteraceae. It is most often grown as a leaf vegetable, but sometimes for its stem and seeds. Lettuce is most often used for salads, although it is also seen in other kinds of food, ...

ryegrass ''Lolium'' is a genus of tufted grasses in the bluegrass subfamily (Pooideae). It is often called ryegrass, but this term is sometimes used to refer to grasses in other genera. They are characterized by bunch-like growth habits. ''Lolium'' is ...

, timothy,and ''

Digitaria sanguinalis ''Digitaria sanguinalis'' is a species of Poaceae, grass known by several common names, including hairy crabgrass, hairy finger-grass, large crabgrass, crab finger grass, purple crabgrass. It is one of the better-known species of the genus ''Digi ...

'' in a concentration-dependent manner. A combination of

ESI-MS Electrospray ionization (ESI) is a technique used in mass spectrometry to produce ions using an electrospray in which a high voltage is applied to a liquid to create an aerosol. It is especially useful in producing ions from macromolecules becaus ...

and ¹H NMR analyses identified the inhibitory chemical as 3-hydroxy-β-ionone. Further study showed a minimal 3-hydroxy-β-ionone concentration of 1 μM for the inhibition of cress hypocotyl growth, and 3 μM for cress root growth, while the endogenous concentration. The presence of 3-hydroxy-β-ionone in their natural substrate and the growing medium suggested secretion to the environment, which may imply an important role of 3-hydroxy-β-ionone in competition with other plants and the forming of pure colonies.

Antibacterial

Acetone extract of ''Rhynchostegium riparioides'' showed antibiotic activity on some Gram-negative bacteria, including ''

Escherichia coli ''Escherichia coli'' (),Wells, J. C. (2000) Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. Harlow ngland Pearson Education Ltd. also known as ''E. coli'' (), is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus ''Escher ...

'', ''

Proteus mirabilis ''Proteus mirabilis'' is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. It shows swarming motility and urease activity. ''P. mirabilis'' causes 90% of all ''Proteus'' infections in humans. It is widely distributed in soil and ...

'', '' Entero-bacter cloacae'' and ''

Pseudomonas ''Pseudomonas'' is a genus of Gram-negative, Gammaproteobacteria, belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae and containing 191 described species. The members of the genus demonstrate a great deal of metabolic diversity and consequently are able ...

'' '' aeruginosa''. Ethanolic extract of ''Rhynchostegium vagans'' showed similar effect on some Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, with performance superior to

chloramphenicol Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. This includes use as an eye ointment to treat conjunctivitis. By mouth or by injection into a vein, it is used to treat meningitis, plague, cholera, a ...

and

fluconazole Fluconazole is an antifungal medication used for a number of fungal infections. This includes candidiasis, blastomycosis, coccidiodomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, dermatophytosis, and pityriasis versicolor. It is also used to prevent ...

Applications

Freshwater monitoring

Rhynchostegium riparioides ''Platyhypnidium riparioides'', the long-beaked water feathermoss, is a species of aquatic moss commonly found in many regions. This species is among the largest aquatic mosses growing up to 15 cm long. ''P. riparioides'' grows in a procumbe ...

'' is used in monitoring of heavy metals concentration in freshwater in multiple regions around the world, such as copper, zinc. ''R. riparioides'' as a neutrophilous species has been used in monitoring water acidification.

List of species

The World Flora Online lists 221 species of ''Rhynchostegium.'' * '' Rhynchostegium acanthophyllum'' (Mont.) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium acicula'' (Broth.) Broth. * '' Rhynchostegium acutifolium'' (Hook. f. & Wilson) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium alboviridum'' R.S. Williams * '' Rhynchostegium algirianum'' (Brid. ex P. Beauv.) Lindb. * '' Rhynchostegium alopecuroides'' (Brid.) A.J.E. Sm. * '' Rhynchostegium altisetum'' Müll. Hal. * '' Rhynchostegium ambiguum'' (Schwägr.) W.R. Buck * ''

Rhynchostegium anceps ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Bosch & Sande Lac.) A. Jaeger * ''

Rhynchostegium aneuron ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' Kindb. * '' Rhynchostegium angustifolium'' Renauld & Cardot * '' Rhynchostegium apophysatum'' (Hornsch.) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium aquaticum'' A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium arcticum'' (I. Hagen) Ignatov & Huttunen * '' Rhynchostegium asperisetum'' (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium assumptionis'' Besch. * '' Rhynchostegium bello-intricatum'' (Broth.) Paris * '' Rhynchostegium bequaertii'' Thér. & Naveau * '' Rhynchostegium berteroanum'' (Mont.) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium beskeanum'' (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium bifariellum'' (Kindb.) Kindb. * ''

Rhynchostegium brachypterum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Hornsch.) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium brachypyxis'' Renauld & Cardot * '' Rhynchostegium brachythecioides'' Dixon & P. de la Varde * '' Rhynchostegium brandegei'' (Austin) Renauld & Cardot * '' Rhynchostegium brevicuspis'' Müll. Hal. * ''

Rhynchostegium brevinerve ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' Huttunen & Ignatov * '' Rhynchostegium brevirete'' Broth. * ''

Rhynchostegium buluense ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Broth.) Paris * '' Rhynchostegium cacticola'' (Müll. Hal.) Paris * ''

Rhynchostegium calderi ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' Vohra * '' Rhynchostegium caloosiense'' (Austin) Renauld & Cardot * '' Rhynchostegium campylocarpum'' (Müll. Hal.) De Not. * '' Rhynchostegium campylocladulum'' Müll. Hal. * ''

Rhynchostegium cataractarum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' Thér. & P. de la Varde * '' Rhynchostegium celebicum'' (Sande Lac.) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium chrysophylloides'' A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium circinatum'' (Brid.) De Not. * '' Rhynchostegium cirrosum'' (Schwägr.) De Not. * '' Rhynchostegium collatum'' (Hook. & Wilson) Broth. & Watts * ''

Rhynchostegium comorae ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger * ''

Rhynchostegium complanum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Mitt.) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium compridense'' (Müll. Hal. ex Broth.) Paris * '' Rhynchostegium conchophyllum'' (Taylor) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium confertum'' (Dicks.) Schimp. * '' Rhynchostegium confusum'' Cezón, J. Muñoz, Hedenäs & Huttunen * ''

Rhynchostegium congruens ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Hampe) Mitt. * '' Rhynchostegium conostomus'' (Mont.) Huttunen & Ignatov * '' Rhynchostegium contortulum'' Tixier * '' Rhynchostegium contractum'' Cardot * '' Rhynchostegium crassinervium'' (Taylor) De Not. * '' Rhynchostegium cylindritheca'' Dixon * ''

Rhynchostegium dasyphyllum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' Müll. Hal. * '' Rhynchostegium delicatulum'' James * '' Rhynchostegium demissum'' (Wilson) Schimp. * ''

Rhynchostegium dentiferum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Hampe) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium deplanatum'' (Bruch & Schimp. ex Sull.) Kindb. * '' Rhynchostegium depressum'' (Brid.) Schimp. * '' Rhynchostegium distans'' Besch. * ''

Rhynchostegium distratum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Hampe) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium drepanocladioides'' (Müll. Hal.) Kindb. * '' Rhynchostegium duthiei'' Müll. Hal. ex Dixon * '' Rhynchostegium elusum'' (Mitt.) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium erythropodium'' (Hampe) Mitt. * '' Rhynchostegium esquirolii'' Cardot & Thér. * '' Rhynchostegium exiguum'' (Blandow) Brockm. * '' Rhynchostegium exilissimum'' (Sull.) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium fabroniadelphus'' (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium fauriei'' Cardot * '' Rhynchostegium finitimum'' (Hampe) Ångström * '' Rhynchostegium fissidens'' (Müll. Hal.) Kindb. * ''

Rhynchostegium fissidentellum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' Besch. * ''

Rhynchostegium fragilicuspis ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' Dixon * ''

Rhynchostegium fuegianum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Cardot) Huttunen & Ignatov * '' Rhynchostegium funckii'' (Schimp.) De Not. * '' Rhynchostegium gaudichaudii'' (Mont.) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium georgianum'' Dixon & Grout * '' Rhynchostegium glaucovirescens'' (Müll. Hal.) Kindb. * '' Rhynchostegium globipyxis'' (Müll. Hal.) Kindb. * ''

Rhynchostegium gracilipes ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' Thér. * '' Rhynchostegium graminicolor'' (Brid.) A.L. Andrews * '' Rhynchostegium herbaceum'' (Mitt.) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium hians'' (Hedw.) Delogne * '' Rhynchostegium homaliocaulon'' (Müll. Hal.) Kindb. * '' Rhynchostegium hookeri'' A. Jaeger * ''

Rhynchostegium hopfferi ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Welw. & Duby) A. Gepp * '' Rhynchostegium horridum'' Broth. * '' Rhynchostegium huitomalconum'' (Müll. Hal.) Besch. * ''

Rhynchostegium humillimum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Mitt.) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium hunanense'' Ignatov & Huttunen * '' Rhynchostegium huttonii'' (Hampe ex Beckett) Paris * ''

Rhynchostegium illecebrum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Schimp.) Delogne * '' Rhynchostegium inaequale'' Dixon * ''

Rhynchostegium inclinatum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Mitt.) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium inerme'' (Mitt.) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium irriguum'' Dixon * '' Rhynchostegium isopterygioides'' Cardot * ''

Rhynchostegium jamesii ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' Sull. * '' Rhynchostegium javanicum'' (Bél.) Besch. * ''

Rhynchostegium jovet-astiae ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' Bizot * ''

Rhynchostegium laevisetum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Geh.) Mitt. * ''

Rhynchostegium lamasicum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Spruce ex Mitt.) Besch. * ''

Rhynchostegium laxatum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Mitt.) Paris * '' Rhynchostegium laxirete'' Broth. * '' Rhynchostegium leptoblastum'' (Müll. Hal.) Kindb. * '' Rhynchostegium leptomerocarpum'' (Müll. Hal.) Besch. * '' Rhynchostegium leptopteridium'' Müll. Hal. * ''

Rhynchostegium leucodictyon ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' Müll. Hal. * ''

Rhynchostegium lindmanii ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Broth.) Paris * ''

Rhynchostegium lusitanicum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Kindb.) Broth. * '' Rhynchostegium luteonitens'' (Welw. & Duby) A. Jaeger * ''

Rhynchostegium mac-owanianum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' Paris * '' Rhynchostegium malmei'' (Broth.) Paris * '' Rhynchostegium megapolitanum'' (Blandow ex F. Weber & D. Mohr) Schimp. * '' Rhynchostegium membranaceum'' (Müll. Hal.) Broth. * '' Rhynchostegium menadense'' (Sande Lac.) A. Jaeger * ''

Rhynchostegium meridionale ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Schimp.) De Not. * '' Rhynchostegium micans'' (Sw.) Austin * '' Rhynchostegium microthamnioides'' Müll. Hal. * '' Rhynchostegium minutum'' Müll. Hal. * '' Rhynchostegium muelleri'' A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium murale'' (Hedw.) Schimp. * '' Rhynchostegium muriculatum'' (Hook. f. & Wilson) Reichardt * '' Rhynchostegium mutatum'' (Ochyra & Vanderp.) Huttunen & Ignatov * '' Rhynchostegium myosuroides'' (Brid.) De Not. * ''

Rhynchostegium nanopennatum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Broth.) Kindb. * '' Rhynchostegium nanothecium'' Müll. Hal. ex Dixon * ''

Rhynchostegium nervosum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Kiaer ex Renauld) Broth. ex Cardot * '' Rhynchostegium nigrescens'' Besch. * '' Rhynchostegium oblongifolium'' Broth. & Watts * '' Rhynchostegium obtusatum'' Broth. * '' Rhynchostegium obtusifolium'' (Mitt.) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium occultum'' Larraín, Huttunen, Ignatova & Ignatov * ''

Rhynchostegium omocrates ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' W.R. Buck * ''

Rhynchostegium ovalfolium ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' S. Okamura * '' Rhynchostegium oxyodon'' (Welw. & Duby) A. Gepp * '' Rhynchostegium pallidifolium'' (Mitt.) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium pallidius'' (Hampe) A. Jaeger * ''

Rhynchostegium pampae ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Müll. Hal.) Kindb. * ''

Rhynchostegium parvulum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' Broth. * ''

Rhynchostegium patulifolium ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' Cardot & Thér. * '' Rhynchostegium patulum'' A. Jaeger * ''

Rhynchostegium pectinatum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Mitt.) Paris * ''

Rhynchostegium pellucidum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' Dixon * ''

Rhynchostegium pendulum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Brid.) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium peruviense'' (R.S. Williams) Ochyra * '' Rhynchostegium pervilleanum'' (Schimp.) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium philippinense'' (Duby) A. Jaeger * ''

Rhynchostegium piliferum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Hedw.) De Not. * '' Rhynchostegium pinnicaule'' (Müll. Hal.) Kindb. * '' Rhynchostegium plagiotheciella'' Müll. Hal. * '' Rhynchostegium planifolium'' Müll. Hal. * ''

Rhynchostegium planiusculum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Mitt.) A. Jaeger * ''

Rhynchostegium praecox ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

Rhynchostegium recurvans ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Michx.) Besch. * '' Rhynchostegium revelstokense'' (Kindb.) Kindb. * ''

'' (Hedw.) Cardot * '' Rhynchostegium rivale'' (Hampe) A. Jaeger * ''

Rhynchostegium robustum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' W.R. Buck * ''

Rhynchostegium rotundifolium ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Scop. ex Brid.) Schimp. * '' Rhynchostegium royae'' (Austin) Renauld & Cardot * '' Rhynchostegium ruvenzorense'' (Broth.) Paris * '' Rhynchostegium santaiense'' (Broth. & Paris) Broth. * '' Rhynchostegium sarcoblastum'' Broth. & Paris * ''

Rhynchostegium savatieri ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' Paris * ''

Rhynchostegium scariosum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Taylor) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium selaginellifolium'' Müll. Hal. * ''

Rhynchostegium sellowii ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Hornsch.) A. Jaeger * ''

Rhynchostegium semiscabrum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (E.B. Bartram) H. Rob. * '' Rhynchostegium semitortulum'' Kindb. * '' Rhynchostegium semitortum'' A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium senodictyon'' (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium serpenticaule'' (Müll. Hal.) Broth. * ''

Rhynchostegium serrulatum ''Rhynchotegium serrulatum'' is a species of moss in the Brachytheciaceae family. It is mainly distributed throughout the Americas. ''Rhynchotegium serrulatum'' is known to be able to use artificial light to grow in places which are otherwise d ...

'' (Hedw.) A. Jaeger * ''

Rhynchostegium shawii ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' Hutsemekers & Vanderp. * '' Rhynchostegium sinense'' (Broth. & Paris) Broth. * ''

Rhynchostegium sparsirameum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Geh. & Hampe) Paris * '' Rhynchostegium stokesii'' (Turner) De Not. * '' Rhynchostegium stramineoides'' (Sauerb.) Wijk & Margad. * ''

Rhynchostegium striatum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Schreb. ex Hedw.) De Not. * '' Rhynchostegium strigosum'' (Hoffm. ex F. Weber & D. Mohr) De Not. * '' Rhynchostegium strongylense'' (Bott.) W.R. Buck & Privitera * ''

Rhynchostegium styriacum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Limpr.) Kindb. * '' Rhynchostegium subacutifolium'' (Müll. Hal. ex Geh.) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium subbrachypterum'' Broth. & Bryhn * ''

Rhynchostegium subclavatum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Hampe) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium subconfertum'' (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger * ''

Rhynchostegium subenerve ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' A. Jaeger * ''

Rhynchostegium submenadense ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' Thér. & P. de la Varde * ''

Rhynchostegium subperspicuum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Müll. Hal.) Broth. * '' Rhynchostegium subrectocarpum'' (Dixon) Vohra * ''

Rhynchostegium subrotundum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Hampe) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium subrusciforme'' (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger * ''

Rhynchostegium subserrulatum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium subspeciosum'' (Müll. Hal.) Müll. Hal. * '' Rhynchostegium subtrachypterum'' Bryhn ex P. Syd. * '' Rhynchostegium surrectum'' (Mitt.) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium taphrophilum'' Müll. Hal. * '' Rhynchostegium tenellum'' (Dicks.) Schimp. * '' Rhynchostegium tenuifolium'' (Hedw.) Reichardt * ''

Rhynchostegium tenuivagum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Broth.) Paris * ''

Rhynchostegium tocaremae ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Hampe) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium trachynotum'' (Müll. Hal.) Kindb. * '' Rhynchostegium trachypelma'' (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium trieblingii'' Müll. Hal. * '' Rhynchostegium tubaronense'' Müll. Hal. * ''

Rhynchostegium ulicon ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Taylor) A. Jaeger * ''

Rhynchostegium validum ''Rhynchostegium'' is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate reg ...

'' (Herzog) Ochyra * '' Rhynchostegium vitianum'' E.B. Bartram & Dixon * '' Rhynchostegium volkensii'' (Broth.) Paris * '' Rhynchostegium vriesei'' (Dozy & Molk.) A. Jaeger * '' Rhynchostegium zeyheri'' (Spreng. ex Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q13568749 Brachytheciaceae Moss genera