''Rhizobium bangladeshense'' is a

gram-negative bacterium Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. They are characterized by their cell envelopes, which are composed of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall ...

which was isolated from

root nodules Root nodules are found on the roots of plants, primarily legumes, that form a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, capable plants form a symbiotic relationship with a host-specific strain of bacteria known a ...

of lentils in Bangladesh.

Description

''Rhizobium bangladeshense'' are

rod-shaped A bacillus (), also called a bacilliform bacterium or often just a rod (when the context makes the sense clear), is a rod-shaped bacterium or archaeon. Bacilli are found in many different taxonomic groups of bacteria. However, the name ''Bacillu ...

bacteria which live in soil, particularly on the root nodules of plants. They require oxygen, and do not form spores. When ''R. bangladeshense'' grow on agar plates, they form colonies which are circular, convex and creamy white on YEMA medium. Strains can tolerate pH values between 5.5 and 10. Strains that have been studied are sensitive to ampicillin, resistant to kanamycin and nalidixic acid, and grow well in YEMA medium containing 0.5% NaCl. Strains do not tolerate tetracycline and do not show any growth on LB medium. ''Rhizobium bangladeshense'' can utilize a variety of nutrients for growth, including D-maltose, D-trehalose, D-cellobiose, gentiobiose, sucrose, D-raffinose, α-D-glucose, D-turanose, α-D lactose, D-fructose, β-methyl-D-glucoside, salicin, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, D-sorbitol, D-mannitol, D-arbitol, glycerol, D-glucose-6-phosphate, D-gluconic acid, quinic acid, D-saccharic acid, D-lactic acid methyl ester, lactic acid, α-keto-glutaric acid and tween 40. Strains which have been studied failed to utilize dextrin, D-aspertic acid, glycyl-L-proline, L-alanine, L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, L-histidine, L-serine, mucic acid, p-hydroxy-phenylacetic acid, methyl pyruvate, citric acid, D-malic acid, L-malic acid, propionic acid or formic acid. ''R. bangladeshense'' can grow in the presence of lincomycin and

potassium tellurite Potassium tellurite, K2TeO3, is an inorganic potassium-tellurium Tellurium is a chemical element with the symbol Te and atomic number 52. It is a brittle, mildly toxic, rare, silver-white metalloid. Tellurium is chemically related to seleniu ...

, but not with 1%

sodium lactate Sodium lactate is the sodium salt of lactic acid, and has a mild saline taste. It is produced by fermentation of a sugar source, such as corn or beets, and then, by neutralizing the resulting lactic acid to create a compound having the formula NaC ...

troleandomycin Troleandomycin (TAO for short) is a macrolide antibiotic. It was sold in Italy (branded Triocetin) and Turkey (branded Tekmisin). It is no longer sold in Italy as of 2018. The drug's mode of action is to bind to the ribosome, specifically in th ...

, tetrazolium violet, tetrazolium blue, Nalidixic acid, lithium chloride and sodium butyrate.

Genetics

Genetic analysis of ''R. bangladeshense'' has shown it to be most closely related to ''

Rhizobium etli ''Rhizobium etli'' is a Gram-negative root-nodule bacterium Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorgani ...

'' and ''

Rhizobium phaseoli ''Rhizobium phaseoli'' is a root nodule Root nodules are found on the roots of plants, primarily legumes, that form a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, capable plants form a symbiotic relationship with ...

''. The DNA G+C content of type strain is 61%. The genome for ''R. bangladeshense'' has been sequenced and is available from NCBI as well as the

European nucleotide archive The European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) is a repository providing free and unrestricted access to annotated DNA and RNA sequences. It also stores complementary information such as experimental procedures, details of sequence assembly and other me ...

Applications

Different strains of this species can form effective nodules and enhance growth of lentil,

pea The pea is most commonly the small spherical seed or the seed-pod of the flowering plant species ''Pisum sativum''. Each pod contains several peas, which can be green or yellow. Botanically, pea pods are fruit, since they contain seeds and d ...

and lathyrus, and are useful for bio-fertilizer production.

History

''Rhizobium bangladeshense was originally isolated from root nodules of the lentil ''

Lens culinaris The lentil (''Lens culinaris'' or ''Lens esculenta'') is an edible legume. It is an annual plant known for its lens-shaped seeds. It is about tall, and the seeds grow in pods, usually with two seeds in each. As a food crop, the largest pro ...

'' in Khulna district, Bangladesh by M. Harun-or Rashid and others in 2015. The strain was named "bangladeshense" for the Latinized adjective meaning "from Bangladesh".

References

External links