Rhissa Ag Boula is a Nigerien

Tuareg The Tuareg people (; also spelled Twareg or Touareg; endonym: ''Imuhaɣ/Imušaɣ/Imašeɣăn/Imajeɣăn'') are a large Berber ethnic group that principally inhabit the Sahara in a vast area stretching from far southwestern Libya to southern A ...

politician and former leader of rebel factions in both the 1990–1995 and the 2007–2009 Tuareg based Insurgencies. He was Nigerien Minister of Tourism from 1996-1999, and again from 1999-2004. His arrest on murder charges in 2004 precipitated armed conflict between his supporters and the Nigerien government. A political leader following the 1995 peace, he again joined a rebel faction from abroad in 2007, creating his own faction from abroad in 2008, and joining the peace process in 2009. In 2010 he was again arrested after returning to Niger.

1990s rebellion and 2000s political leader

Ag Boula was leader of the 1990s

Front for the Liberation of Aïr and Azaouak Front may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Films * ''The Front'' (1943 film), a 1943 Soviet drama film * ''The Front'', 1976 film Music *The Front (band), an American rock band signed to Columbia Records and active in the 1980s and ea ...

(FLAA), one of the two main rebel groups in the conflict. Rhissa and

Mano Dayak Mano Dayak (1949 – December 15, 1995) was a famous Tuareg freedom fighter, leader, activist, scholar and negotiator. He led the Tuareg Rebellion in Ténéré region, northern Niger during the 1990s. He was born in the Tiden valley in the Aïr M ...

became joint leaders of the combined front which negotiated a peace deal with the Nigerien government, the Armed Resistance Organization (ORA). After the 15 April 1995 "Ouagadougou Accords" peace agreement and the 1996 Nigerien coup d'état, Ag Boula continued his political advocacy under coup President

Ibrahim Bare Mainassara Ibrahim ( ar, إبراهيم, links=no ') is the Arabic name for Abraham, a Biblical patriarch and prophet in Islam. For the Islamic view of Ibrahim, see Abraham in Islam. Ibrahim may also refer to: * Ibrahim (name), a name (and list of people ...

, and was made Minister of Tourism of Niger from 1997-April 1999. In this role, he advocated for greater international tourism in the

Agadez Region Agadez Region is one of the seven regions of Niger. At , it covers more than half of Niger's land area, and is the largest region in the country, as well as the largest African state subdivision. The capital of the department is Agadez. Histo ...

. Following the 1999 coup and the return to democracy, he was again (1999-2004) appointed Tourism Minister under President Mamadou Tandja. Ag Boula was on the Executive of the

Union for Democracy and Social Progress-Amana The Union for Democracy and Social Progress (, UDPS-Amana) is a centrist political party in Niger. With its support base in the Tuareg people of northern Niger, the party's history is tied up with that of the Tuareg rights movements which surroun ...

party from its founding in 1990 until 2005, and party president 2005-2008

2004 arrest

In 2004 he was named as an accomplice in the 26 January murder of ruling MNSD party activist Adam Amangue in

Tchirozerine Tchirozerine is a town and urban commune in Niger. As of 2011, the commune had a total population of 67,876 people. Economy Nearby Tchirozerine is the Anou Araren mining area. The state company SONICHAR, established in 1975, has produced coal i ...

. Ag Boula was sacked as a Minister on 13 February, and on 14 July convicted of ordering the murder by three other men. Beginning in July 2005, several Tuareg former insurgents led by Rhissa's brother Mohamed Ag Boula, began a series of attacks in the north, culminating in the kidnap three Nigerien police officers and one soldier, demanding the release of the former Minister. A Libyan negotiation resulted in the provisional release of Ag Boula in March 2005, a month after the safe release of the hostages.

2007–2009 rebellion

In 2007 a renewed rebellion broke out in northern Niger, in part claiming the 1995 accords were not being honored. Ag Boula at first attempted to mediate on behalf of the rebels from exile in Europe. In January 2008 he announced he was joining the rebel movement, provoking condemnation from the government in Niamey. Ag Boula's provisional release on the 2004 charges was withdrawn, and a court convicted him in absentia of murder. On 13 July 2008, a Nigerien court sentenced him to death. In late 2008 Ag Boula announced he was forming his own faction of the rebel movement, the FFR. In 2009, the FFR joined the Libyan sponsored peace process that resulted in the May 2009 end of the conflict and a general amnesty for crimes committed in the course of the insurgency.

2010

Following the 18 February 2010 coup d'état against the Nigerien government, Ag Boula and other former rebel leaders returned to Niamey, pressuring the junta to speed up the reintegration of former rebels. On 29 March Ag Boula was arrested in Niamey, along with Kindo Zada, an Army Major who deserted to the rebels in 2007. Both were presumed by the press to investigated for crimes unrelated to the 2007–2009 rebellion. On December 4, 2010 charges against him were dismissed by the Criminal Court of Niamey and he was cleared of all suspicion.

2011

In January 2011 Ag Boulsa was elected Regional Councillor of Agadez for a term of four years, and in September 2011 appointed adviser to the President of the Republic,

Mahamadou Issoufou Mahamadou Issoufou (born 1 January 1952) is a Nigerien politician who served as the President of Niger from 7 April 2011 to 2 April 2021. Issoufou was the prime minister of Niger from 1993 to 1994, president of the National Assembly from 1995 t ...

. In September, Ag Boulsa was reported to be seen leading a large convoy entering Niger from

Libya Libya (; ar, ليبيا, Lībiyā), officially the State of Libya ( ar, دولة ليبيا, Dawlat Lībiyā), is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to Egypt–Libya bo ...

consisting of more than a dozen pickup trucks with well-armed Libyan troops. Ag Boulsa denied he was in the convoy. He is opposed to the rebellion taking place in

Mali Mali (; ), officially the Republic of Mali,, , ff, 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞥆𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭, Renndaandi Maali, italics=no, ar, جمهورية مالي, Jumhūriyyāt Mālī is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mali ...

since January 17, 2012.

References