''Rhinella'', commonly known as South American toads, beaked toads or Rio Viejo toads, is a genus of
true toad
A true toad is any member of the family Bufonidae, in the order Anura (frogs and toads). This is the only family of anurans in which all members are known as toads, although some may be called frogs (such as harlequin frogs). The bufonids now ...
s native to
Neotropical
The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone.
Definition
In bioge ...
parts of Mexico, Central and South America. Additionally, the
cane toad
The cane toad (''Rhinella marina''), also known as the giant neotropical toad or marine toad, is a large, terrestrial true toad native to South and mainland Central America, but which has been introduced to various islands throughout Oceania ...
has been introduced to Australia, the Caribbean, the Philippines and elsewhere.
Originally, all species of the genus ''Rhinella'' were included in the genus ''
Bufo
''Bufo'' is a genus of true toads in the amphibian family Bufonidae. As traditionally defined, it was a wastebasket genus containing a large number of toads from much of the world, but following taxonomic reviews most of these have been moved t ...
'', then they were split into the genera ''Chaunus'' and ''Rhamphophryne''. However, ''Chaunus'' and ''Rhamphophryne'' are now considered
synonyms of ''Rhinella''.
Etymology
* ''Rhinella'' means ‘little nose’, from ''
rhino-
This is a list of common affixes used when scientifically naming species, particularly extinct species for whom only their scientific names are used, along with their derivations.
*a-, an-: ''Pronunciation'': /ə/, /a/, /ən/, /an/. ''Origin'' ...
'' (), the combining form of the Ancient Greek ' (, ‘nose’) and the Latin
diminutive suffix ''
-ella''.
* ''Chaunus'' is the Latinised form of the Ancient Greek ' (, ‘porous, spongy’).
* ''Rhamphophryne'', meaning “beaked toad”, is from ' (, ‘beak’) and ' (, ‘toad’).
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Species
The following species are recognised in the genus ''Rhinella'':
Notes
References
* (2006). "The Amphibian Tree of Life". ''Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History'' 297: 1–371.
External links
*
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2363065
Amphibian genera
Amphibians of Central America
Amphibians of South America
Taxa named by Leopold Fitzinger