''Rhinella'', commonly known as South American toads, beaked toads or Rio Viejo toads, is a genus of

true toad A true toad is any member of the family Bufonidae, in the order Anura (frogs and toads). This is the only family of anurans in which all members are known as toads, although some may be called frogs (such as harlequin frogs). The bufonids now ...

s native to

Neotropical The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In bioge ...

parts of Mexico, Central and South America. Additionally, the

cane toad The cane toad (''Rhinella marina''), also known as the giant neotropical toad or marine toad, is a large, terrestrial true toad native to South and mainland Central America, but which has been introduced to various islands throughout Oceania ...

has been introduced to Australia, the Caribbean, the Philippines and elsewhere. Originally, all species of the genus ''Rhinella'' were included in the genus ''

Bufo ''Bufo'' is a genus of true toads in the amphibian family Bufonidae. As traditionally defined, it was a wastebasket genus containing a large number of toads from much of the world, but following taxonomic reviews most of these have been moved t ...

'', then they were split into the genera ''Chaunus'' and ''Rhamphophryne''. However, ''Chaunus'' and ''Rhamphophryne'' are now considered

synonyms A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are all ...

of ''Rhinella''.

Etymology

* ''Rhinella'' means ‘little nose’, from ''

rhino- This is a list of common affixes used when scientifically naming species, particularly extinct species for whom only their scientific names are used, along with their derivations. *a-, an-: ''Pronunciation'': /ə/, /a/, /ən/, /an/. ''Origin'' ...

'' (), the combining form of the Ancient Greek ' (, ‘nose’) and the Latin

diminutive A diminutive is a root word that has been modified to convey a slighter degree of its root meaning, either to convey the smallness of the object or quality named, or to convey a sense of intimacy or endearment. A (abbreviated ) is a word-formati ...

suffix '' -ella''. * ''Chaunus'' is the Latinised form of the Ancient Greek ' (, ‘porous, spongy’). * ''Rhamphophryne'', meaning “beaked toad”, is from ' (, ‘beak’) and ' (, ‘toad’).

Species

The following species are recognised in the genus ''Rhinella'':

Notes

References

* (2006). "The Amphibian Tree of Life". ''Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History'' 297: 1–371.

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q2363065 Amphibian genera Amphibians of Central America Amphibians of South America Taxa named by Leopold Fitzinger