A rheophyte is a plant that lives in fast moving water currents in an environment where few other

organism In biology, an organism () is any living system that functions as an individual entity. All organisms are composed of cells (cell theory). Organisms are classified by taxonomy into groups such as multicellular animals, plants, and ...

s can survive. Rheophytes tend to be found in currents that move at rates of one to two meters per second and that are up to 1 to 2 m deep. The amount of force produced by these currents, and the damaging debris they can carry, makes this environment inhospitable to most plants. Rheophytes are able to live in such environments because their leaves are streamlined so as put up little resistance to the flow of water. The leaves tend to be quite narrow and flexible as well. Simply being an

aquatic plant Aquatic plants are plants that have adapted to living in aquatic environments (saltwater or freshwater). They are also referred to as hydrophytes or macrophytes to distinguish them from algae and other microphytes. A macrophyte is a plant that ...

with narrow leaves is not a sufficient condition for being a rheophyte. In order to prevent being uprooted by the rushing currents, rheophytes have an extremely strong wide spreading root systems. Rheophytes comprise two main groups - obligate rheophytes (or 'true' rheophytes) and facultative rheophytes. Apart from being adapted for fast currents, the survival of obligate rheophytes are dependent on the oxygenated water brought along with fast currents for survival. Facultative rheophytes are just as adapted to survive in areas where fast currents run through, but are not dependent on these fast currents to survival. When low water levels occur, obligate rheophytes often quickly begin to flower to take advantage of these occurrences. Examples of rheophytic plants are ''

Asplenium obtusifolium ''Asplenium'' is a genus of about 700 species of ferns, often treated as the only genus in the family Aspleniaceae, though other authors consider '' Hymenasplenium'' separate, based on molecular phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences, a differ ...

'', ''

Osmunda lancea ''Osmunda lancea'' is a fern in the genus ''Osmunda'', section ''Euosmunda''. It is found in Japan. It often hybridizes with ''Osmunda japonica ''Osmunda japonica'' (syn. ''Osmunda nipponica'' Makino), also called Asian royal fern, is a fern ...

'', and ''

Tectaria lobbii ''Tectaria'' is a genus of fern in the family Tectariaceae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Halberd fern is a common name for species in this genus. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophyte ...

'' (ferns) and ''

Gosong brevipedunculata ''Gosong'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. It has only one currently accepted species, ''Gosong brevipedunculata'', native to Borneo. ''G.brevipedunculata'' is a rheophyte A rheophyte is a plant that lives in fast moving wa ...

'' (an aroid).

References

* Bown, Deni (2000). ''Aroids: Plants of the Arum Family''. Timber Press. {{ISBN, 0-88192-485-7. Aquatic plants