Julio Rey Pastor (14 August 1888 – 21 February 1962) was a Spanish mathematician and historian of science.

Biography

Julio Rey Pastor studied high school in his hometown, and began his studies in Sciences in Vitoria. He moved to the University of Saragossa, where he found a stimulating environment in mathematics.

Zoel García de Galdeano Zoel García de Galdeano y Yanguas (5 July 1846 – 28 March 1924) was a Spanish mathematician. He was considered by Julio Rey Pastor as ''"The apostle of modern mathematics"''. Biography His father was a military man, and was killed in war ac ...

, Professor of Analytical Geometry and Calculus, was the professor who most influenced Rey Pastor’s scientific work. He graduated with honors in 1908. Rey Pastor earned his doctorate from Complutense University of Madrid in 1909, under supervision of

Eduardo Torroja Caballé Eduardo Torroja Caballé (February 1, 1847 – June 1, 1918) was a Spanish mathematician born in the city of Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain. Biography His father was Juan Torroja, a professor of Geography and History. He continued his studies at ...

. Between 1911 and 1914, he studied at the University of Berlin and the University of Göttingen, under the supervision of Felix Klein. During that period, he also studied under the supervision of Professors Hermann Schwarz,

Friedrich Hermann Schottky Friedrich Hermann Schottky (24 July 1851 – 12 August 1935) was a German mathematician who worked on elliptic, abelian, and theta functions and introduced Schottky groups and Schottky's theorem. He was born in Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, ...

(father of

Walter Schottky Walter Hans Schottky (23 July 1886 – 4 March 1976) was a German physicist who played a major early role in developing the theory of electron and ion emission phenomena, invented the screen-grid vacuum tube in 1915 while working at Siemens, ...

), and

Ferdinand Georg Frobenius Ferdinand Georg Frobenius (26 October 1849 – 3 August 1917) was a German mathematician, best known for his contributions to the theory of elliptic functions, differential equations, number theory, and to group theory. He is known for the famous ...

. His report sent to the Junta para Ampliación de Estudios (JAE) allows us to assess the significance of his studies in Germany. He especially liked Schwarz’s lectures on analytic functions and synthetic geometry, not only because of their innovations but also because Schwarz’s teaching method. In this report, Rey proposed the creation of a "seminar in mathematics to arouse the research spirit of our school children." His proposal was accepted and in 1915 the JAE created the Mathematics Laboratory and Seminar, an important institution for the development of research on this field in Spain. :''From 1915, Julio Rey Pastor became a dominant figure in mathematics in Spain, and later Argentina. In that year the ''Junta'' created for him in Madrid the first mathematics research institute in Spain which was outside a university. There he started a research seminar, and contributed to the advance and modernization of mathematics research and teaching. He was also the author of a series of advanced mathematics textbooks which had a very considerable influence in the Iberian world….''E.L. Ortiz (1994) "Spain, Portugal and Ibero-America, 1780 — 1930", in ''Companion Encyclopedia of the History and Philosophy of the Mathematical Sciences'', volume 2, page 1509,

Ivor Grattan-Guinness Ivor Owen Grattan-Guinness (23 June 1941 – 12 December 2014) was a historian of mathematics and logic. Life Grattan-Guinness was born in Bakewell, England; his father was a mathematics teacher and educational administrator. He gained his bac ...

editor, Routledge Undoubtedly, the creation of the laboratory was a result of Rey Pastor’s studies in Germany, and it was intended to overcome the isolation and individualism of the Spanish mathematicians. This laboratory, under the National Institute of Sciences, was first installed in the basement of the National Library, then moved to a modest apartment on Santa Teresa St., then to the building of the Center for Historical Studies and, finally, became part of the

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas The Spanish National Research Council ( es, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC) is the largest public institution dedicated to research in Spain and the third largest in Europe. Its main objective is to develop and promote res ...

(CSIC), renamed Instituto Jorge Juan de Matemáticas in 1939. Rey Pastor’s scientific work involved research, textbooks, and articles for the general public. They reflected the changes that were taking place in mathematics. He was also interested in the history of science and, specifically, mathematics in Spain. :''From 1921 Rey Pastor settled permanently in Argentina...His influence in Argentina was as important as it had been in Spain...In the mid-1930s he directed a substantial group of research students in Buenos Aires. His continued interest in the mathematics life of Spain created two parallel schools, on both sides of the Atlantic, working on similar research projects.'' In 1951, he was appointed director of the Instituto Jorge Juan de Matemáticas in the CSIC. His plans in Spain included two projects: the creation, within the CSIC, of an Institute of Applied Mathematics, and the foundation of a Seminar on the History of Science at the university. In 1954, he entered the Royal Spanish Academy, proposed by

Gregorio Marañón Gregorio Marañón y Posadillo, OWL (19 May 1887 in Madrid – 27 March 1960 in Madrid) was a Spanish physician, scientist, historian, writer and philosopher. He married Dolores Moya in 1911, and they had four children (Carmen, Belén, María ...

, and Francisco Javier Sánchez Cantón, and delivered an acceptance speech on the algebra of language. (He had become a member of the Academy of Sciences in Madrid in 1920, and of the Academy of Sciences in Buenos Aires in 1932). Rey Pastor showed his passion for mathematics as a researcher, as promoter of new studies, and as creator of agencies and institutions that enhanced the development of mathematics in Spain. A

lunar crater Lunar craters are impact craters on Earth's Moon. The Moon's surface has many craters, all of which were formed by impacts. The International Astronomical Union currently recognizes 9,137 craters, of which 1,675 have been dated. History The wor ...

Faraday G was called ''Reypastor'' by

Hugh Percy Wilkins Hugh Percy Wilkins (4 December 1896 –23 January 1960) was a Welsh-born engineer and amateur astronomer. He was born Hugh Percival Wilkins in Carmarthen, where he received his early education, then lived near Llanelli prior to moving to Englan ...

and Antonio Paluzie-Borrell, mappers of Earth's Moon, but the designation was not adopted by the International Astronomical Union.Lunar Crater Faraday
″Faraday G was called Reypastor by Hugh Percy Wilkins and Antonio Paluzie-Borrell, but the IAU did not accept that name.″, fro
wikispaces.com/Introduction The Moon Wiki
/ref> In 1956, he went back to Argentina and only returned to Spain on the occasion of the entry of his disciple,

Sixto Ríos Sixto Ríos García (Pelahustán, Toledo, January 4, 1913 – Madrid, July 8, 2008), was a Spanish mathematician, known as the father of Spanish statistics. Biography The son of José María Ríos Moreiro and Maria Cristina Garcia Martin, he was ...

into the Academy of Sciences, on June 21, 1961. In his speech, Rey Pastor recalled the process of creation of the laboratory and the support from the JAE. Rey Pastor occupied a seat in the

Real Academia Española The Royal Spanish Academy ( es, Real Academia Española, generally abbreviated as RAE) is Spain's official royal institution with a mission to ensure the stability of the Spanish language. It is based in Madrid, Spain, and is affiliated with ...

between 1953 and 1962. He was honored with a Spanish stamp in 2000.

Works

* 1910: (thesis) ''Correspondencia de figuras elemental, con aplicación al estudio de las figuras que engendran'' * 1916: ''Fondamentos de la geometría proyectiva superior'', JAE * 1916: ''Introducción a la matemática superior'', Madrid : Corona * 1917: ''Teoría de la representación conforme'', Barcelona: Institut d’Estudis Catalans * 1929: ''Teoría geométrica de la polaridad en las figuras de las primera y segunda categorías'', Madrid : Real Academia de Ciencias * 1931: "Un método de sumación de series", Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo 55: 450–5. * 1942,5
La Ciencia y la Técnica en el Descubrimiento de América
(pdf), Buenos Aires: Espasa-Calpe Argentina, link from Biblioteca Virtual Universal * 1957: ''Apuntes de la teoría de los conjuntos abstractos'', Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (Review : Alonzo Church (1963) Journal of Symbolic Logic 28(3) :250,1) * 1958: (with A. de Castro Brzezicki) ''Funciones de Bessel'' (

Bessel functions Bessel functions, first defined by the mathematician Daniel Bernoulli and then generalized by Friedrich Bessel, are canonical solutions of Bessel's differential equation x^2 \frac + x \frac + \left(x^2 - \alpha^2 \right)y = 0 for an arbitrary ...

), Madrid: Editorial Dossat,

References

* Jose Babini (1963) "Eloge: Julio Rey Pastor 1888–1962", Isis 54(2). * Luis Español Gonzales (2000) "Julio Rey Pastor y la matematica de los imaginarios", ''Investigacion humanistica y cientifica en La Rioja'' * E.L. Ortiz, editor (1988) ''The Works of Julio Rey Pastor'', 8 volumes, London: The Humboldt Library

External links

* * L. Español
Julio Rey Pastor
from Real Sociedad Matematica Española. * {{DEFAULTSORT:Rey Pastor, Julio 1888 births 1962 deaths 20th-century Spanish mathematicians Historians of mathematics 20th-century Argentine mathematicians Spanish emigrants to Argentina

Biography

Works

See also

References

Further reading

External links