In medical and surgical
therapy, revascularization is the restoration of
perfusion to a body part or
organ that has had
ischemia. It is typically accomplished by
surgical means.
Vascular bypass and
angioplasty are the two primary means of revascularization.
The term derives from the prefix
re-, in this case meaning "restoration" and
vasculature, which refers to the circulatory structures of an organ.
It is often combined with "urgent" to form urgent vascularization.
Revascularization involves a thorough analysis and
diagnosis
Diagnosis is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in many different disciplines, with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience, to determine " cause and effect". In systems engin ...
and treatment of the existing diseased vasculature of the affected organ, and can be aided by the use of different imaging modalities such as
magnetic resonance imaging,
PET scan
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional imaging technique that uses radioactive substances known as radiotracers to visualize and measure changes in metabolic processes, and in other physiological activities including blood flow, r ...
,
CT scan
A computed tomography scan (CT scan; formerly called computed axial tomography scan or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique used to obtain detailed internal images of the body. The personnel that perform CT scans are called radiographers ...
, and
X-ray
X-rays (or rarely, ''X-radiation'') are a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation. In many languages, it is referred to as Röntgen radiation, after the German scientist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, who discovered it in 1895 and named it ' ...
fluoroscopy.
Applications
For
coronary artery disease
Coronary artery disease (CAD), also called coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), myocardial ischemia, or simply heart disease, involves Ischemia, the reduction of blood flow to the myocardium, heart muscle due to build-up o ...
(ischemic heart disease),
coronary artery bypass surgery and
percutaneous coronary intervention (coronary balloon angioplasty) are the two primary means of revascularization.
When those cannot be done,
transmyocardial revascularization
Transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR) is a procedure used to treat inoperable heart disease in people with persistent angina that is not relieved by any other revascularization method.
Most people with coronary artery disease are treat ...
or percutaneous myocardial revascularization, done with a laser, may be an option.
Treatment for
gangrene often requires revascularization, if possible. The surgery is also indicated to treat
ischemic wounds (inadequate
tissue perfusion) in some forms of
chronic wounds, such as
diabetic ulcers.
References
Vascular surgery
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