The Army of the North of Peru or Restoration Army of Peru was the army of the Northern Peruvian Republic that was made up of Peruvians opposed to the establishment of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation, who accused

Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...

n President

Andrés de Santa Cruz Andrés de Santa Cruz y Calahumana (; 30 November 1792 – 25 September 1865) was a Bolivian general and politician who served as interim president of Peru in 1827, the interim president of Peru from 1836 to 1838 and the sixth president of B ...

of having invaded and divided Peru with the support of Peruvian President

Luis José de Orbegoso Luis José de Orbegoso y Moncada-Galindo, de Burutarán y Morales (August 25, 1795 – February 5, 1847), an aristocratic Peruvian soldier and politician, served as the 5th President of Peru as well as the first President of North Peru. Thi ...

whom his opponents did not recognize as legitimate. It later merged with the

Chilean Army The Chilean Army ( es, Ejército de Chile) is the land arm of the Military of Chile. This 80,000-person army (9,200 of which are conscripts) is organized into six divisions, a special operations brigade and an air brigade. In recent years, and a ...

to form the United Restoration Army. The goal of the army was to restore the united Peruvian state prior to the establishment of the Confederation. The first person to use the name was General

Felipe Santiago Salaverry Felipe Santiago de Salaverry (1805 in Lima, Peru – February 19, 1836 in Arequipa, Peru) was a Peruvian soldier and politician who served as the 6th President of Peru. He studied in the College of San Carlos in Lima. When José de San Martí ...

during the war against Santa Cruz and Orbegoso. Upon his defeat and death, the command passed to Marshal

Agustín Gamarra Agustín Gamarra Messia (August 27, 1785 – November 18, 1841) was a Peruvian soldier and politician, who served as the 4th and 7th President of Peru. Gamarra was a Mestizo, being of mixed Spanish and Quechua descent.Larned, Smith, Seymour, She ...

, with the title of Provisional President of the Peruvian Republic.

Members

Most of the officers were chiefs deported by supporters of Andrés de Santa Cruz such as

Ramón Castilla Ramón Castilla y Marquesado (; 31 August 1797 – 30 May 1867) was a Peruvian ''caudillo'' who served as President of Peru three times as well as the Interim President of Peru (Revolution Self-proclaimed President) in 1863. His earliest pr ...

Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco Iturralde (15 June 1806 – 16 September 1873) was a Peruvian politician and military leader who served as the President of Peru from 1843 to 1844. He was born in Lima, Peru. He led part of the Peruvian forces in the ...

Felipe Pardo y Aliaga Felipe Pardo y Aliaga (11 June 1806, Lima – 24 December 1868, Lima) was a Peruvian poet, satirist, playwright, lawyer and politician. Biography A member of Lima's aristocratic elite, his father was Manuel Pardo Ribadeneira, ''oidor'' ...

and

Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente (8 September 1796 – 14 March 1878) was a Peruvian politician who also served in the Peruvian military. He briefly served as President of Peru from June 7 to September 1, 1829. Gutiérrez de la Fuente was born in ...

, along with separatist troops from Peru such as the ''Huaylas Battalion'' and the ''Hunters of Peru''. Together with the Chilean Army and Navy, they formed the United Restoration Army, mentioned above. The organization of logistics, supplies and medicines for the restorers was entrusted to La Fuente.

United Restoration Army

The United Restoration Army was the military body formed in 1837 by the alliance of the land and naval forces of the

Republic of Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...

and the Restoration Army of Peru, formed in 1836 by Peruvian soldiers opposed to the Peru-Bolivian Confederation.

Manuel Bulnes Prieto Manuel Bulnes Prieto (; December 25, 1799 – October 18, 1866) was a Chilean military and political figure. He was twice President of Chile, from 1841 to 1846 and from 1846 to 1851. Born in Concepción, he served as the president of Chile bet ...

was appointed as its general in chief. Among its members were the North Peruvian military and politicians

Antonio Gutiérrez de La Fuente Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente (8 September 1796 – 14 March 1878) was a Peruvian politician who also served in the Peruvian military. He briefly served as President of Peru from June 7 to September 1, 1829. Gutiérrez de la Fuente was born in ...

and

, among others, who were exiled in Chile. There were also General

, Andrés Martínez and the politician

, who negotiated the deal with Chile to intervene in favor of the North-Peruvian State, joining forces in order to

break Break or Breaks or The Break may refer to: Time off from duties * Recess (break), time in which a group of people is temporarily dismissed from its duties * Break (work), time off during a shift/recess ** Coffee break, a short mid-morning rest ...

the Confederation. Likewise, former North Peruvian president

and his followers were also refugees, who finally formed the United Restoration Army in Chile. After the war, the military campaigns were paid by Peru to the

government of Chile Chile's government is a representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Chile is both head of state and head of government, and of a formal multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the president and by their cabinet. Leg ...

Legacy

The defeat of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation occurred in the town of Villa de Yungay, in the Department of Huaylas on January 20, 1839. In commemoration of this victory, the Department of Huaylas took the name of the

Department of Ancash Ancash ( qu, Anqash; es, Áncash ) is a department and region in northern Peru. It is bordered by the departments of La Libertad on the north, Huánuco and Pasco on the east, Lima on the south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. Its capital is ...

, as it is known today. Later the term was used again during the Peruvian revolutions where one of the parties called restoration to the cause they defended, such was the case of the

revolution In political science, a revolution (Latin: ''revolutio'', "a turn around") is a fundamental and relatively sudden change in political power and political organization which occurs when the population revolts against the government, typically due ...

led by General

Mariano Ignacio Prado Mariano Ignacio Prado Ochoa (December 18, 1825 – May 5, 1901) was a Peruvian army general who served as the 16th (1865 - 1868) and 21st (1876 - 1879) President of Peru. Biography Born in Huánuco on December 18, 1825, he studied in Huanuco an ...

in 1865.

Notes

References

{{Reflist

External links

Disponiendo que el departamento de Huaylas se denomine Ancash

Determinando la medalla que debe darse a los vencedores de Ancach
Military history of Peru War of the Confederation Military units and formations established in 1837