The First Republic of the Congo Civil War was the first of two ethnopolitical civil conflicts in the

Republic of the Congo The Republic of the Congo (french: République du Congo, ln, Republíki ya Kongó), also known as Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic or simply either Congo or the Congo, is a country located in the western coast of Central Africa to the w ...

, beginning in 1993 and continuing until December 1994. The causes of the civil war laid in the disputed 1993 parliamentary election. the shooting of protesters by Lissouba's troops prompted Kolélas' new militia the

Ninjas A or was a covert agent or mercenary in feudal Japan. The functions of a ninja included reconnaissance, espionage, infiltration, deception, ambush, bodyguarding and their fighting skills in martial arts, including ninjutsu.Kawakami, pp. 21– ...

to move into the areas of his main support base the

Pool Department Pool ( kg, Mpumbu, Nsundi, Mbula Ntangu) is a department of the Republic of the Congo in the southeastern part of the country. It borders the departments of Bouenza, Lékoumou, and Plateaux. Internationally, it borders the Democratic Republic ...

. The capital city

Brazzaville Brazzaville (, kg, Kintamo, Nkuna, Kintambo, Ntamo, Mavula, Tandala, Mfwa, Mfua; Teke: ''M'fa'', ''Mfaa'', ''Mfa'', ''Mfoa''Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLI ...

was divided. Nguesso's militia the Cobras controlling the north, the Ninjas controlling the south, and Lissouba's militia the Cocoyes controlling the center. Different ethnic groups and tribes supported different sides of the war, with the

Kongo Congo or The Congo may refer to either of two countries that border the Congo River in central Africa: * Democratic Republic of the Congo, the larger country to the southeast, capital Kinshasa, formerly known as Zaire, sometimes referred to a ...

and Lari tribes supporting Kolélas, and the Vili and Mbembe tribes supporting Lissouba. Extrajudicial killing were common and after much fighting, 2,000 dead, and tens of thousands displaced, a peace agreement was signed in December of 1994, ending the conflict.

References

Conflicts in 1993 Conflicts in 1994

Civil War A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies ...

Ethnicity-based civil wars Wars involving Gabon Wars involving the Republic of the Congo History of the Republic of the Congo Political history of the Republic of the Congo {{RCongo-stub

See also

References