A relational data stream management system (RDSMS) is a distributed, in-memory
data stream management system (DSMS) that is designed to use standards-compliant
SQL
Structured Query Language (SQL) (pronounced ''S-Q-L''; or alternatively as "sequel")
is a domain-specific language used to manage data, especially in a relational database management system (RDBMS). It is particularly useful in handling s ...
queries to process unstructured and structured data streams in real-time. Unlike SQL queries executed in a traditional
RDBMS, which return a result and exit, SQL queries executed in a RDSMS do not exit, generating results continuously as new data become available. Continuous SQL queries in a RDSMS use the SQL Window function to analyze, join and aggregate data streams over fixed or sliding windows. Windows can be specified as time-based or row-based.
RDSMS SQL Query Examples
Continuous SQL queries in a RDSMS conform to the
ANSI
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI ) is a private nonprofit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States. The organiz ...
SQL standards. The most common RDSMS SQL query is performed with the declarative
SELECT statement. A continuous SQL
SELECT operates on data across one or more data streams, with optional keywords and clauses that include
FROM with an optional
JOIN subclause to specify the rules for joining multiple data streams, the
WHERE clause and comparison predicate to restrict the records returned by the query,
GROUP BY to project streams with common values into a smaller set,
HAVING to filter records resulting from a
GROUP BY, and
ORDER BY to sort the results.
The following is an example of a continuous data stream aggregation using a
SELECT query that aggregates a sensor stream from a weather monitoring station. The
SELECTquery aggregates the minimum, maximum and average temperature values over a one-second time period, returning a continuous stream of aggregated results at one second intervals.
SELECT STREAM
FLOOR(WEATHERSTREAM.ROWTIME to SECOND) AS FLOOR_SECOND,
MIN(TEMP) AS MIN_TEMP,
MAX(TEMP) AS MAX_TEMP,
AVG(TEMP) AS AVG_TEMP
FROM WEATHERSTREAM
GROUP BY FLOOR(WEATHERSTREAM.ROWTIME TO SECOND);
RDSMS SQL queries also operate on data streams over time or row-based windows. The following example shows a second continuous SQL query using the
WINDOW clause with a one-second duration. The
WINDOW clause changes the behavior of the query, to output a result for each new record as it arrives. Hence the output is a stream of incrementally updated results with zero result latency.
SELECT STREAM
ROWTIME,
MIN(TEMP) OVER W1 AS WMIN_TEMP,
MAX(TEMP) OVER W1 AS WMAX_TEMP,
AVG(TEMP) OVER W1 AS WAVG_TEMP
FROM WEATHERSTREAM
WINDOW W1 AS ( RANGE INTERVAL '1' SECOND PRECEDING );
See also
*
NoSQL
NoSQL (originally meaning "Not only SQL" or "non-relational") refers to a type of database design that stores and retrieves data differently from the traditional table-based structure of relational databases. Unlike relational databases, which ...
*
NewSQL
External links
IBM System S transcript of a reunion meeting devoted to the personal history of relational databases, SQL System R.
Data management
Relational model