The Regio VI Alta Semita is the sixth
regio of imperial
Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus (legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
, under
Augustus
Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor; he reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He is known for being the founder of the Roman Pri ...
's administrative reform. Regio VI took its name from the street (''
Alta Semita'', "High Path") passing over the
Quirinal Hill
The Quirinal Hill (; la, Collis Quirinalis; it, Quirinale ) is one of the Seven Hills of Rome, at the north-east of the city center. It is the location of the official residence of the Italian head of state, who resides in the Quirinal Palace ...
. It was a large that also encompassed the
Viminal Hill
The Viminal Hill ( ; la, Collis Vīminālis ; it, Viminale ) is the smallest of the famous Seven Hills of Rome. A finger-shape cusp pointing toward central Rome between the Quirinal Hill to the northwest and the Esquiline Hill to the southeast ...
, the lower slopes of the
Pincian, and the valleys in-between.
Geographic extent and important features
Regio VI was defined by its principal artery, the ''Alta Semita'', which led from the Quirinal through the
Porta Collina
The Colline Gate (Latin ''Porta Collina'') was a landmark in ancient Rome, supposed to have been built by Servius Tullius, semi-legendary king of Rome 578–535 BC. The gate stood at the north end of the Servian Wall, and past it were two impor ...
to the
Porta Nomentana
The Porta Nomentana was one of the gates in the Aurelian Walls of Rome, Italy. It is located along viale del Policlinico, around 70 m east of Porta Pia. It is now blocked and merely a boundary wall for the British Embassy.
History
It was ...
. The
Aurelian Wall marked most of its eastern and northern edge along with the ''Via Salaria vetus'', with the
Argiletum
The Argiletum (Latin ''Argīlētum''; it, Argileto) was a street in ancient Rome, which crossed the popular district of Suburra up to the Roman Forum, along the route of the current Via Leonina and Via della Madonna dei Monti.
On its eastern si ...
and
Vicus Patricius
{{Infobox ancient site
, name = ''Vicus Patricius''
, native_name =
, native_name_lang =
, alternate_name =
, image = Monti - via Urbana 1010033.JPG
, image_size = 300 px
, alt =
, caption = Th ...
on the south and southeast. The three principal gates that ran through the walls in this region were the Porta Nomentana,
Porta Salaria
Porta Salaria was a gate in the Aurelian Walls of Rome, Italy. Constructed between 271 AD and 275 AD, it was finally demolished in 1921.
History
Porta Salaria was part of the Aurelian Walls built by emperor Aurelian in the 3rd century, inclu ...
and the
Porta Pinciana
Porta Pinciana is a gate of the Aurelian Walls in Rome.
The name derives from the ''gens'' Pincia, who owned the eponymous hill (Pincian Hill). In ancient times it was also called ''Porta Turata'' ("Plugged Gate", for it was partially closed) ...
. A measurement taken at the end of the 4th century recorded that the perimeter of the region was 15,700
Roman feet
The ancient Roman units of measurement were primarily founded on the Hellenic system, which in turn was influenced by the Egyptian system and the Mesopotamian system. The Roman units were comparatively consistent and well documented.
Length
T ...
(approximately 4.64km).
Located in this region were some of the oldest temples in Rome. Firstly, on the Quirinal, was an ancient temple noted for its beauty, the
Temple of Salus. According to the 5th century ''Notitia'', the
Temple of Flora
The Temple of Flora was an ancient sanctuary on the Circus Maximus in Ancient Rome, erected in 238 BCE and dedicated to the goddess Flora.Filippo Coarelli, Guida archeologica di Roma, Verona, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1984.
History
In 240 B.C. ...
was also located in this region, very near the even older ''
Capitolium Vetus
The Capitolium Vetus (Latin for ‘old Capitol’ or ‘ancient Capitol’) was an archaic temple in ancient Rome, dedicated to the Capitoline Triad. distinguishes it from the main temple to the Triad on the Capitol and shows that it was the older ...
'', reportedly built by
Numa Pompilius
Numa Pompilius (; 753–672 BC; reigned 715–672 BC) was the legendary second king of Rome, succeeding Romulus after a one-year interregnum. He was of Sabine origin, and many of Rome's most important religious and political institutions are a ...
and dedicated to the
Capitoline Triad
The Capitoline Triad was a group of three deities who were worshipped in Religion in ancient Rome, ancient Roman religion in an elaborate temple on Rome's Capitoline Hill (Latin ''Capitolium''). It comprised Jupiter (mythology), Jupiter, Juno (my ...
, and the predecessor to the
Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, also known as the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus ( la, Aedes Iovis Optimi Maximi Capitolini; it, Tempio di Giove Ottimo Massimo; ) was the most important temple in Ancient Rome, located on the Capitoline ...
on the
Capitoline Hill
The Capitolium or Capitoline Hill ( ; it, Campidoglio ; la, Mons Capitolinus ), between the Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the Seven Hills of Rome.
The hill was earlier known as ''Mons Saturnius'', dedicated to the god Saturn. Th ...
. Also near the Capitolium was the
Temple of Quirinus
The Temple of Quirinus (Latin : ''Aedes Quirinus'' or ''Templum Quirinus'') was an ancient Roman temple built on the western half of the Quirinal Hill near the Capitolium Vetus, on a site which now equates to the junction between Via del Quirinal ...
, one of the most beautiful sanctuaries in the city and restored by
Augustus
Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor; he reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He is known for being the founder of the Roman Pri ...
, as well as a statue dedicated to
Mamurius Veturius
In ancient Roman religion, the Mamuralia or ''Sacrum Mamurio'' ("Rite for Mamurius") was a festival held on March 14 or 15, named only in sources from late antiquity. According to Joannes Lydus, an old man wearing animal skins was beaten ritually ...
.
This region also contained the last two public baths built in ancient Rome: the
Baths of Constantine on the Quirinal (demolished and in its place sits the
Quirinal Palace
The Quirinal Palace ( it, Palazzo del Quirinale ) is a historic building in Rome, Italy, one of the three current official residences of the president of the Italian Republic, together with Villa Rosebery in Naples and the Tenuta di Castelporzian ...
), and the
Baths of Diocletian
, alternate_name = it, Terme di Diocleziano
, image = Baths of Diocletian-Antmoose1.jpg
, caption = Baths of Diocletian, with the basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri built in the remains of the baths.
, map_dot_ ...
on the Viminal, the largest of the imperial baths, whose ruins are still visible and partially occupied by the Church of
Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri
The Basilica of St. Mary of the Angels and of the Martyrs ( la, Beatissimae Virginis et omnium Angelorum et Martyrum, it, Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri) is a basilica and titular church in Rome, Italy, built inside the ruined ''frigida ...
. In front of the Baths of Constantine stood the colossal marble statues of the
Horse Tamers
The colossal pair of marble "Horse Tamers"—often identified as Castor and Pollux—have stood since antiquity near the site of the Baths of Constantine on the Quirinal Hill, Rome. Napoleon's agents wanted to include them among the classical ...
.
The northern section of the region was dominated by the
Gardens of Sallust
The Gardens of Sallust ( la, Horti Sallustiani) was an ancient Roman estate including a landscaped pleasure garden developed by the historian Sallust in the 1st century BC. It occupied a large area in the northeastern sector of Rome, in what would ...
. This entertainment complex was the first public area of Rome destroyed when
Alaric I
Alaric I (; got, 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃, , "ruler of all"; c. 370 – 410 AD) was the first king of the Visigoths, from 395 to 410. He rose to leadership of the Goths who came to occupy Moesia—territory acquired a couple of decades ...
penetrated the city through the gardens and was never restored. Nearby was the street where the emperor
Domitian
Domitian (; la, Domitianus; 24 October 51 – 18 September 96) was a Roman emperor who reigned from 81 to 96. The son of Vespasian and the younger brother of Titus, his two predecessors on the throne, he was the last member of the Flavi ...
was born, the ''Malum Punicium'', the site of which he later built the
Temple of the gens Flavia where his ashes were placed.
The region also contained the
Castra Praetoria
Castra Praetoria were the ancient barracks (''castra'') of the Praetorian Guard of Imperial Rome.
History
According to the Roman historian Tacitus, the barracks were built in 23 AD by Lucius Aelius Sejanus, the praetorian prefect serving under t ...
, the barracks where the
Praetorian Guard
The Praetorian Guard (Latin: ''cohortēs praetōriae'') was a unit of the Imperial Roman army that served as personal bodyguards and intelligence agents for the Roman emperors. During the Roman Republic, the Praetorian Guard were an escort fo ...
were housed. It was here that the auctioning of the emperorship took place after the murder of
Pertinax
Publius Helvius Pertinax (; 1 August 126 – 28 March 193) was Roman emperor for the first three months of 193. He succeeded Commodus to become the first emperor during the tumultuous Year of the Five Emperors.
Born the son of a freed slave ...
, between
Didius Julianus
Marcus Didius Julianus (; 29 January 133 or 137 – 2 June 193) was Roman emperor for nine weeks from March to June 193, during the Year of the Five Emperors. Julianus had a promising political career, governing several provinces, including Dal ...
and
Titus Flavius Claudius Sulpicianus
Titus Flavius Claudius Sulpicianus (ca. 137 AD – 197 AD) was a Roman statesman who served as Senator and Consul suffectus. He unsuccessfully attempted to succeed his son-in-law Pertinax as Emperor in 193.
Early life
Sulpicianus was probably born ...
. Finally, also within this region was the station of the third cohort of the ''
Vigiles
The ''Vigiles'' or more properly the ''Vigiles Urbani'' ("watchmen of the City") or ''Cohortes Vigilum'' ("cohorts of the watchmen") were the firefighters and police of ancient Rome.
History
The ''Triumviri Nocturni'' (meaning ''three men of th ...
''. At the turn of the 5th century, the Regio contained 17 ''
aedicula
In ancient Roman religion, an ''aedicula'' (plural ''aediculae'') is a small shrine, and in classical architecture refers to a niche covered by a pediment or entablature supported by a pair of columns and typically framing a statue,"aedicula, n." ...
e'' (shrines), 146 ''
domūs'' (patrician houses), 18 ''
horrea
A ''horreum'' (plural: ''horrea'') was a type of public warehouse used during the ancient Roman period. Although the Latin term is often used to refer to granaries, Roman ''horrea'' were used to store many other types of consumables; the giant Hor ...
'' (warehouses), 75 ''
balnea
In ancient Rome, (from Greek , "hot") and (from Greek ) were facilities for bathing. usually refers to the large imperial bath complexes, while were smaller-scale facilities, public or private, that existed in great numbers throughout ...
e'' (bath houses) and 73 ''loci'' (fountains).
Subdivisions
At the turn of the 5th century, the Regio was divided into 17 ''
vici'' (districts) and 3,403 ''
insulae
The Latin word ''insula'' (literally meaning "island", plural ''insulae'') was used in Roman cities to mean either a city block in a city plan, i.e. a building area surrounded by four streets, or, later, a type of apartment building that occup ...
'' (blocks). It had two
curators
A curator (from la, cura, meaning "to take care") is a manager or overseer. When working with cultural organizations, a curator is typically a "collections curator" or an "exhibitions curator", and has multifaceted tasks dependent on the parti ...
and was served by 48
Roman magistrate
The Roman magistrates were elected officials in Ancient Rome.
During the period of the Roman Kingdom, the King of Rome was the principal executive magistrate.Abbott, 8 His power, in practice, was absolute. He was the chief priest, lawgiver, judg ...
s.
[''Notitia'', REGIO VI ALTA SEMITA]
Notes
{{reflist
References
* Platner, Samuel Ball, ''A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome'', Oxford University Press (1929
(online version)* Gregorovius, Ferdinand, ''History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages'', Vol. 1, (1894)
''Curiosum - Notitia''. 4th-century descriptions of the regions of Rome and their main buildings
from the original on 8 June 2019.
Regions of Augustan Rome
Subdivisions of Rome
Topography of the ancient city of Rome