The
bovid
The Bovidae comprise the biological family of cloven-hoofed, ruminant mammals that includes cattle, bison, buffalo, antelopes, and caprines. A member of this family is called a bovid. With 143 extant species and 300 known extinct species, the ...
subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...
Reduncinae or
tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...
Reduncini is composed of nine
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
of
antelope
The term antelope is used to refer to many species of even-toed ruminant that are indigenous to various regions in Africa and Eurasia.
Antelope comprise a wastebasket taxon defined as any of numerous Old World grazing and browsing hoofed mammals ...
, all of which dwell in
marsh
A marsh is a wetland that is dominated by herbaceous rather than woody plant species.Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 497 p Marshes can often be found at ...
es,
floodplain
A floodplain or flood plain or bottomlands is an area of land adjacent to a river which stretches from the banks of its channel to the base of the enclosing valley walls, and which experiences flooding during periods of high discharge.Goudi ...
s, or other well-watered areas, including the
waterbuck
The waterbuck (''Kobus ellipsiprymnus'') is a large antelope found widely in sub-Saharan Africa. It is placed in the genus '' Kobus'' of the family Bovidae. It was first described by Irish naturalist William Ogilby in 1833. Its 13 subspecies ar ...
s and
reedbuck
Reedbuck is a common name for Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it ...
s. These antelopes first appear in the fossil record 7.4 million years ago in
Eurasia
Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelago a ...
and 6.6
Mya in
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...
.
Taxonomy
* Family
Bovidae
The Bovidae comprise the biological family of cloven-hoofed, ruminant mammals that includes cattle, bison, buffalo, antelopes, and caprines. A member of this family is called a bovid. With 143 extant species and 300 known extinct species, ...
** Subfamily Reduncinae
*** Genus ''
Kobus''
****
Waterbuck
The waterbuck (''Kobus ellipsiprymnus'') is a large antelope found widely in sub-Saharan Africa. It is placed in the genus '' Kobus'' of the family Bovidae. It was first described by Irish naturalist William Ogilby in 1833. Its 13 subspecies ar ...
, ''Kobus ellipsiprymnus''
****
Kob
The kob (''Kobus kob'') is an antelope found across Central Africa and parts of West Africa and East Africa. Together with the closely related reedbucks, waterbucks, lechwe, Nile lechwe, and puku, it forms the Reduncinae tribe. Found along ...
, ''Kobus kob''
****
Lechwe
The lechwe, red lechwe, or southern lechwe (''Kobus leche'') is an antelope found in wetlands of south-central Africa.
Range
The lechwe is native to Botswana, Zambia, southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northeastern Namibia, and eas ...
, ''Kobus leche''
****
Nile lechwe
The Nile lechwe or Mrs Gray's lechwe (''Kobus megaceros'') is an endangered species of antelope found in swamps and grasslands in Sudan and Ethiopia.
Description
Males are an average of long and tall at the shoulders, and weigh between , wh ...
, ''Kobus megaceros''
****
Puku
The puku (''Kobus vardonii'') is a medium-sized antelope found in wet grasslands in southern Democratic Republic of Congo, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia and more concentrated in the Okavango Delta in Botswana. Nearly one-third of all puku are found ...
, ''Kobus vardonii''
*** Genus ''
Redunca''
****
Southern reedbuck
The southern reedbuck, rietbok or common reedbuck (''Redunca arundinum'') is a diurnal antelope typically found in southern Africa. It was first described by Pieter Boddaert, a Dutch physician and naturalist, in 1785. It is placed in the genus ...
, ''Redunca arundinum''
****
Mountain reedbuck
The mountain reedbuck (''Redunca fulvorufula'') is an antelope found in mountainous areas of much of sub-Saharan Africa.
Subspecies
There are three recognized subspecies.
* ''Redunca fulvorufula adamauae'' - Adamawa mountain reedbuck
* ''Redunc ...
, ''Redunca fulvorufula''
****
Bohor reedbuck
The bohor reedbuck (''Redunca redunca'') is an antelope native to central Africa. The animal is placed under the genus '' Redunca'' and in the family Bovidae. It was first described by German zoologist and botanist Peter Simon Pallas in 1767. ...
, ''Redunca redunca''
*** Genus ''
Pelea''
****
Grey rhebok
The grey rhebok or gray rhebuck (''Pelea capreolus''), locally known as the ''reebok'' in Afrikaans, is a species of antelope native to South Africa, Lesotho, and Eswatini (Swaziland). The specific name ''capreolus'' is Latin for 'little goat' ...
, ''Pelea capreolus''
*** Genus †''
Menelikia
''Menelikia'' is a genus of extinct Artiodactyl mammals, belonging to the bovids. It lived from the middle Pliocene to the middle Pleistocene (circa 4.1 - 1.4 million years ago) and its fossils are found in East Africa.
Description
This anima ...
''
****''Menelikia leakeyi''
****''Menelikia lyrocera''
*** Genus †''
Procobus''
****''Procobus brauneri''
****''Procobus melania''
*** Genus †''
Sivacobus
''Sivacobus'' is an extinct species of antelope that lived in South Asia during the Plio-Pleistocene.
''Sivacobus'' was the only known member of the antelope subfamily Reduncinae to occur outside of Africa. Previously, the Asian reduncines were ...
'' (Late Pliocene to Late Pleistocene of the Indian subcontinent)
****''Sivacobus palaeindicus''
****''Sivacobus patulicornis''
****''Sivacobus sankaliai'' (Late Pleistocene)
*** Genus †''
Thaleroceros''
****''Thaleroceros radiciformis''
*** Genus †''
Zephyreduncinus''
****''Zephyreduncinus oundagaisus''
Alternate classification
* ''
Adenota ''Adenota'' is an alternative genus or sub-genus within the Reduncinae sub-family of family Bovidae, composed of the species ''Kobus kob'' (Kob) and ''Kobus vardonii'' (Puku
The puku (''Kobus vardonii'') is a medium-sized antelope found in wet g ...
'' is an alternate genus or subgenus composed of the kob and puku.
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q132631
Bovidae
Mammal tribes