Rede Excelsior was a Brazilian
television network
A television network or television broadcaster is a telecommunications network for distribution of television program content, where a central operation provides programming to many television stations or multichannel video programming distributo ...
founded by
Mário Wallace Simonsen on July 9, 1960, in
São Paulo
São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for 'Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the GaWC a ...
,
São Paulo
São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for 'Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the GaWC a ...
. Its last broadcast happened on September 30, 1970, when the
Brazilian military dictatorship
The military dictatorship in Brazil ( pt, ditadura militar) was established on 1 April 1964, after a coup d'état by the Brazilian Armed Forces, with support from the United States government, against President João Goulart. The Brazilian dict ...
put an abrupt end to it.
History
![SBT (Vila Guilherme) 2](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/SBT_%28Vila_Guilherme%29_2.jpg)
In 1959, the Victor Costa Organization, owner of
TV Paulista
TV Paulista was a Brazilian television station. It was created on March 14, 1952 in São Paulo. In 1966, it was incorporated into Rede Globo
TV Globo (, "Globe TV", or simply Globo), formerly known as Rede Globo, is a Brazilian free-to-air ...
, channel 5 of São Paulo (later acquired by
Rede Globo
TV Globo (, "Globe TV", or simply Globo), formerly known as Rede Globo, is a Brazilian free-to-air Television broadcasting, television network, launched by media proprietor Roberto Marinho on 26 April 1965. It is owned by media conglomerate Gr ...
), was awarded by the federal government with a second television channel in the city, channel 9. Possession of more than one TV channel by a single group was not prohibited by the broadcasting laws of that time.
The Victor Costa Organization already owned the Radio Excelsior (currently the
CBN station) and therefore, it was determined that the name of the future TV station would be Excelsior. "Excelso" is
Portuguese
Portuguese may refer to:
* anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal
** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods
** Portuguese language, a Romance language
*** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language
** Portu ...
for sublime. However, even before the launch of the channel, it was bought by a group of businessmen led by the Simonsen family, owner of over 40 companies, the most famous of them being
Panair do Brasil
Panair do Brasil was an airline of Brazil. Between 1945 and 1965 it was considered to be the largest carrier not only in Brazil but in all of Latin America. It ceased operations in 1965.
History
NYRBA do Brasil (1929–1930)
''Panair do Bras ...
, then the country's largest airline company. The group featured entrepreneurs like José Luis Moura, a coffee exporter from
Santos, Congressman Ortiz Monteiro, founder of TV Paulista, and John Scantimburgo, owner of the newspaper ''Correio Paulistano''.
TV Excelsior was acquired for
₢$80 million, a sum extremely high for the time. In addition to the station's license, the purchase also included some equipments, among them cameras, a tower and a
transmitter
In electronics and telecommunications, a radio transmitter or just transmitter is an electronic device which produces radio waves with an antenna (radio), antenna. The transmitter itself generates a radio frequency alternating current, which i ...
. The transmission system was installed at the corner of Consolação street with
Avenida Paulista
Paulista Avenue (Avenida Paulista in Portuguese language, Portuguese, ''Paulistas, Paulista'' being the demonym for those born in the state of State of São Paulo, São Paulo) is one of the most important avenues in São Paulo (city), São Paulo, ...
, the studios were set on Avenida Adolfo Pinheiro, and the station's commercial and administrative center in downtown.
With the 1964 political-military movement, the broadcaster began to have problems with censorship. Programs such as those by Moacir Franco, Derci Gonçalves and Costinha were highly targeted, the texts of the soap operas were constantly censored and some had to be transferred after 10 pm. As a form of denunciation, the excerpts cut from the programs were not reissued, in their place animated figures appeared with their mouths and ears covered and the caption “censored”.
Excelsior TV remained with good ratings and, in 1965, the program Moacir Franco show reached a rate of 77% of the audience in the city of São Paulo and 97% in the city of Santos. On the other hand, that was a year of serious problems for the other companies in the Simonsen group. This process ended with the kidnapping of the group's assets, including Rede Excelsior, which at the time was composed of broadcasters in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre and Belo Horizonte. The group negotiated the debt in court and the broadcaster returned to the air.
Soon afterwards, Excelsior TV officials tried to create a foundation to buy the station and took the proposal to the then President of the Republic, Humberto Castelo Branco, who did not accept it, claiming that such a procedure was not permitted by law. So, Carlos Lacerda tried to stay with the Rio de Janeiro broadcaster, while, in São Paulo, Ademar de Barros wanted the São Paulo broadcaster. Both were governors and used the debts that the broadcasters owed to the states as an argument, but their proposals were not accepted by the federal government.
Still in 1965, Excelsior launched the 1st Brazilian Popular Music Festival, which had as its winning song Arrastão, music by Edu Lobo performed by Elis Regina. In the same year Mário Simonsen died in Paris. His son Wallace Simonsen then sold the station to Edson Leite, Alberto Saad, Otávio Frias and Carlos Caldeira (the last two were owners of the Folha da Manhã group of São Paulo newspapers). The station's direction was with Edson Leite and Alberto Saad.
Continuing investment in telenovelas, in 1966, in the midst of several internal crises, Excelsior launched the longest telenovela in the history of Brazilian television: Redenção. (Redemption) The novel was an original by Raimundo Lopes with 594 chapters, featuring Márcia Real, Flora Geni, Rodolfo Mayer, Vicente Leporace and Procópio Ferreira, among others. Redemption was in the air from May 1966 to May 1968.
In 1967, even though the broadcaster had a lot of debt, its new studio was opened in the São Paulo neighborhood of Vila Guilherme. The complex consisted of 12 studios, had 40 vehicles and more than five hundred employees worked on it. The Brazilian Television System (SBT) studios started to operate there later.
In its new studios, Excelsior produced Morro dos ventos howantes, with scenes from the 19th century and adaptation by Lauro César Muniz, and O tempo eo vento, text by Érico Veríssimo adapted by Teixeira Filho and directed by Dionísio Azevedo. The latter was the final representative of a set of soap operas that the broadcaster presented at 21: 30h.
In 1968, financial problems escalated and many artists, in the face of constant wage delays, were transferred to other broadcasters. Excelsior then began broadcasting a large number of North American serial films, while censorship continued to pursue its soap operas. With the enactment of Institutional Act No. 5, on December 13, 1968, the broadcaster took down the vanguard newspaper, as the pressures of censorship prevented the presentation of the type of reports that had, until then, characterized the program.
In 1969, the station produced the soap opera Sangue do meu sangue, by Vicente Sesso, directed by Sérgio Brito. The cast included Francisco Cuoco, Fernanda Montenegro, Tônia Carreiro, Nicete Bruno, Henrique Martins, Nívea Maria, Armando Bogus, Mauro Mendonça and Rodolfo Mayer, among others.
The production of telenovelas, which had been one of the biggest brands of TV Excelsior (in 1963 the broadcaster broadcast three telenovelas; in 1964 it presented ten; and in 1965 it went to 17), from 1966 it started to decline. In 1969, the broadcaster presented only five productions of the genre.
In August 1969, a gale destroyed the tower of the Rio station, located in Sumaré. Amid a chaotic debt and layoff situation, the broadcaster's shares were repurchased by Wallace Simonsen. The Vila Guilherme property, where the studios were located, remained with Otávio Frias and Carlos Caldeiras.
The station's situation continued to worsen and Simonsen ended up selling his shares again. The buyer was Dorival Masci de Abreu, owner of Rádio Marconi, but Excelsior employees pushed for the deal to be undone and the shares returned to Simonsen.
On September 28, 1970, the rights of the broadcaster were revoked and, on October 1 of the same year, Ferreria Nieto invaded the studio. the National Telecommunications Department (Dentel) definitively ended the activities of TV Excelsior. The reasons given were disrespect for the rules of the Telecommunications Code, financial insolvency and late payment of labor commitments.
The end of TV Excelsior
TV Excelsior came to an end on October 1, 1970, When Ferreira Neto invaded the station's studios, where he broadcast a humorous message to announce to the public that the government had decreed Excelsior's bankruptcy. At that time, some DENTEL technicians were at the technical center to take the station off the air. TV Excelsior comes to an end, after 10 years
The End of TV excelsiorJudicially, TV Excelsior had a maximum period of up to December 15, 1970, to settle the accounts with the government, that is, it would have to pay at least half of what it owes. However, the channel had not paid even 1% of the total debt, and with that the government revoked the concessions.
The transmission of TV Excelsior in São Paulo ended at 18:40, shortly after the presentation of a farewell program.
In Rio de Janeiro, Channel 2 activities ended a little earlier, at 5pm.
According to the presidential decree, the cassation was determined by breach of the Brazilian Telecommunications Code.
Post-Excelsior
Five years after Rio's channel 2 went off the air, the Military Government won its own bid to broadcast an educational broadcaster, TVE Brasil, which associates with other public broadcasters. And then TVE became TV Brasil.
Thirteen years after the end of the station, Adolpho Bloch won the competition for the concession of channel 9 in São Paulo, together with channel 6 in Rio. It was the beginning of Rede Manchete that later became RedeTV!.
Network
*TV Excelsior São Paulo (channel 9, O&O)
*TV Excelsior Rio (channel 2, O&O)
*TV Alvorada (channel 8, Brasília, affiliated between 1967 and 1969, now RecordTV Brasília)
*TV Anhanguera (channel 2, Goiânia, affiliated between 1963 and 1969, now a Globo affiliate)
*TV Centro América (channel 2, Cuiabá, affiliated between 1967 and 1969, now a Globo affiliate)
*TV Difusora (channel 4, São Luís, affiliated between 1966 and 1970, now an SBT affiliate)
*
TV Gaúcha (channel 12, Porto Alegre, affiliated between 1963 and 1967, now RBS TV, a Globo affiliate)
*TV Jornal do Commercio (channel 2, Recife, affiliated between 1973 and 1970, later renamed TV Jornal and affiliated with Globo, Band and since 1987 currently with SBT)
*TV Morena (Channel 6, Campo Grande, affiliated between 1965 and 1969, now a Globo affiliate)
*TV Nacional (channel 3, Brasília, affiliated between 1963 and 1967, now a TV Brasil station on channel 2)
*TV Paranaense (channel 12, Curitiba, affiliated between 1965 and 1970, now RPC TV, a Globo affiliate)
*TV Triângulo (channel 8, Uberlândia, affiliated between 1964 and 1970, now TV Integração Uberlândia, a Globo affiliate)
*TV Vila Rica (channel 7, Belo Horizonte, affiliated between 1967–1970, now Band Minas)
See also
*
Rede Manchete
Rede Manchete (; lit.: Headline Network; also known as TV Manchete or only Manchete) was a Brazilian television network that was founded in Rio de Janeiro on 5 June 1983 by the Ukrainian-Brazilian journalist and businessman Adolpho Bloch. The ne ...
- successor to Rede Excelsior and
Rede Tupi
Rede Tupi (; in English, Tupi Network) was a Brazilian television network free-to-air. Its parent broadcaster, located in the city of São Paulo, was the first TV station to operate in the country, being inaugurated on 18 September 1950 by journ ...
**
RedeTV!
RedeTV! () is a Brazilian television network owned by Amilcare Dallevo and Marcelo de Carvalho. It is the newest television network, among the five major networks in Brazil, being a relaunch of Rede Manchete in 1999.
RedeTV! has modern produc ...
- successor to Rede Manchete
References
*
{{Authority control
Defunct television channels in Brazil
Television networks in Brazil
Portuguese-language television networks
Television channels and stations established in 1953
Television channels and stations disestablished in 1976
Mass media in São Paulo
Mass media in Rio de Janeiro (city)