The Revolutionary Communist Party ( pt, Partido Comunista Revolucionário) is an

anti-revisionist Anti-revisionism is a position within Marxism–Leninism which emerged in the 1950s in opposition to the reforms of Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. Where Khrushchev pursued an interpretation that differed from his predecessor Joseph Stalin, ...

Marxist-Leninist communist party in Brazil with strong

Stalinist Stalinism is the means of governing and Marxist-Leninist policies implemented in the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1953 by Joseph Stalin. It included the creation of a one-party totalitarian police state, rapid industrialization, the theory o ...

tendencies. Originally formed in 1966 after a split with the Communist Party of Brazil, it later merged with the

October 8th Revolutionary Movement 8th October Revolutionary Movement (''Movimento Revolucionário 8 de Outubro'', MR8) was a Marxist political organization that took part in armed struggle against the Military dictatorship in Brazil. It was formed in 1964 among college students i ...

in 1981, from which it split in 1995. It is a member of the

International Conference of Marxist-Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle) International is an adjective (also used as a noun) meaning "between nations". International may also refer to: Music Albums * ''International'' (Kevin Michael album), 2011 * ''International'' (New Order album), 2002 * ''International'' (The T ...

(ICMLPO), an organization of

and

Hoxhaist Hoxhaism () is a variant of Anti-revisionism, anti-revisionist Marxism–Leninism that developed in the late 1970s due to a split in the anti-revisionist movement, appearing after the Sino-Albanian split, ideological dispute between the Chinese ...

parties. As the party is not registered in Brazil's Superior Electoral Court, its members cannot run for

public office Public Administration (a form of governance) or Public Policy and Administration (an academic discipline) is the implementation of public policy, administration of government establishment (public governance), management of non-profit establ ...

History

Unhappy with the Communist Party of Brazil's (PCdoB) "revisionist" stance on the direction of the Soviet Union, a group of PCdoB members left the party and formed the Revolutionary Communist Party (PCR) in 1966. The PCR maintained that the PCdoB had abandoned Marxism–Leninism in favor of Soviet revisionism. Brazil had fallen under a

right-wing Right-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that view certain social orders and hierarchies as inevitable, natural, normal, or desirable, typically supporting this position on the basis of natural law, economics, authorit ...

military dictatorship A military dictatorship is a dictatorship in which the military exerts complete or substantial control over political authority, and the dictator is often a high-ranked military officer. The reverse situation is to have civilian control of the m ...

in 1964. Supported by the United States in the

Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...

as a strong opponent to communism, the dictatorship committed numerous human rights abuses, including torture, towards suspected communists and other political subversives. Despite the danger, the PCR remained committed to the armed struggle against the government. The party was instrumental in organizing labor strikes and student demonstrations, but they also engaged in more destructive activities such as burning government-owned sugarcane fields. The party was partially dismantled in the early-1970s after a brutal torture campaign was waged by the government against suspected communists and leftist political parties. The party's leader, Amaro Luiz de Carvalho, was arrested by the authorities. Several other prominent party members were murdered. This culminated with the arrest of Carvalho's successor, Edival Nunes Cajá, on May 12, 1978. In response, more than 12,000 students from the Federal University of Pernambuco went on strike in Recife, where Cajá was being held. The student protest eventually procured his release, although he was arrested again soon afterwards for publicly detailing the torture he had suffered while in prison. He would not be permanently released until June 1, 1979. In July 1981, due to the limited success of PCR resistance operations against the government, the party made the decision to merge with the

(MR-8), an urban guerrilla organization that had likewise split from the PCdoB years earlier. MR-8 also publicly declared itself Marxist-Leninist, but its "bourgeois" organizational structure and affinity toward "bourgeois nationalism" led to serious disagreements with the former members of the PCR. After internal struggles within the party, the PCR elected to split with MR-8 in 1995, resulting in the re-foundation of the party. The re-founded party established a youth wing, known as the Youth Union Rebellion ( Brazilian Portuguese: ''União da Juventude Rebelião'') (UJR). The PCR held its Second Congress in 1998, which resulted in an overhaul of its statutes. The party remained ideologically devoted to Marxism-Leninism, but it adopted a much more extensive theoretical approach to its methods, contrasting with the previous statutes that regarded the armed struggle as its top priority. The re-foundation of the party came well after the end of military rule, so the party decided to take advantage of the press freedom that hadn't existed before the merger. The first issue of the theoretical organ of the party, ''The Truth'', was published in December 1998. In 2004, the PCR became a member of the International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle) (ICMLPO), an organization of

and

parties throughout the world. From then on it would also contribute to the theoretical organ of the ICMLPO, ''Unity & Struggle'', which is published biannually.

Rebellion Youth Union

Rebellion Youth Union (, UJR) is the youth wing of the PCR. It is present in 18 Brazilian states and acts within hundreds of

student union A students' union, also known by many other names, is a student organization present in many colleges, universities, and high schools. In higher education, the students' union is often accorded its own building on the campus, dedicated to social, ...

s. UJR was founded in 1995, alongside a PCR reorganization. On the same year, they took part in the 31st congress of the Brazilian Union of High School Students (UBES) and the 44th congress of the National Union of Students (UNE), with the objective of opening a new route to the student unions. As a

collective A collective is a group of entities that share or are motivated by at least one common issue or interest, or work together to achieve a common objective. Collectives can differ from cooperatives in that they are not necessarily focused upon an ...

, it promotes the ''Correnteza'' Movement and the ''Rebele-se na UBES'' movement, who comprise the ''Leftist Opposition'' inside UNE and UBES.

References

External links

*
''A Verdade''
(publication)
Rebellion Youth UnionOfficial website of the International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle)
{{ICMLPO (U&S) 1995 establishments in Brazil Communist parties in Brazil Anti-revisionist organizations Stalinist parties Hoxhaist parties Far-left political parties Far-left politics in Brazil Communist militant groups Guerrilla movements in Latin America International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle) Paramilitary organisations based in Brazil Political parties established in 1995