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The Razdolnaya (russian: Раздольная, formerly: Суйфун ''Suyfun'') or Suifen () is a
river A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases, a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of wate ...
in
People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
and
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
. It flows into the
Amur Bay Amur Bay (russian: Амурский Залив, ''Amurskiy Zaliv''), a major bay within Peter the Great Gulf of the Sea of Japan, has an approximate length of , a width of to , and a depth of . It is part of a larger bay formed with Ussuri B ...
of the
Sea of Japan The Sea of Japan is the marginal sea between the Japanese archipelago, Sakhalin, the Korean Peninsula, and the mainland of the Russian Far East. The Japanese archipelago separates the sea from the Pacific Ocean. Like the Mediterranean Sea, it h ...
.


The name

''Suifen'' is the
Manchu The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later Jin (1616–1636) and ...
word ''(suifun)'' for awl, referring to the shape of a species of ''
Oncomelania ''Oncomelania'' is a genus of very small tropical freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Pomatiopsidae. These ''Oncomelania'' snails are distantly related to the marine periwinkle, and more closely related to the small ...
'' snail. In Russian, the river was originally known under the same Manchu / Chinese name (rendered as Суйфун (Suifun) in Russian). In 1972, in the aftermath of the
Zhenbao Island Zhenbao Island () or Damansky Island (russian: о́стров Дама́нский, ''ostrov Damanskiy'') is an island with an area of only . It is on the Ussuri River on the border between Primorsky Krai, Russia, and Heilongjiang Province, Chi ...
incident (1969),
toponym Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of '' toponyms'' (proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage and types. Toponym is the general term for a proper name of ...
s of Chinese origin in
Primorsky Krai Primorsky Krai (russian: Приморский край, r=Primorsky kray, p=prʲɪˈmorskʲɪj kraj), informally known as Primorye (, ), is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia, located in the Far East region of the country and is a part of the ...
were replaced en masse with newly designed Russian names; as part of this project, the Russian part of the Suifen received the name ''Razdolnaya'', which can be translated from Russian as "widely flowing".


Geography

The source of the Suifen is the
confluence In geography, a confluence (also: ''conflux'') occurs where two or more flowing bodies of water join to form a single channel. A confluence can occur in several configurations: at the point where a tributary joins a larger river (main stem); o ...
of the Xiaosuifen (Lesser Suifen) River and the Dasuifen (Greater Suifen) River in
Heilongjiang Heilongjiang () formerly romanized as Heilungkiang, is a province in northeast China. The standard one-character abbreviation for the province is (). It was formerly romanized as "Heilungkiang". It is the northernmost and easternmost province ...
. Suifenhe City was named after the Chinese name of the river. Downstream of the city, the river enters Russian territory, and flows into
Amur Bay Amur Bay (russian: Амурский Залив, ''Amurskiy Zaliv''), a major bay within Peter the Great Gulf of the Sea of Japan, has an approximate length of , a width of to , and a depth of . It is part of a larger bay formed with Ussuri B ...
through Khanka Lowlands. The length of the river is , of which is in Russia; the
drainage basin A drainage basin is an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, t ...
covers . The major tributaries of the river are the
Granitnaya The Granitnaya (russian: Гранитная, formerly Ушагоу ''Ushagou'', , literally "Hubutu River"), is a river located on the border between Primorsky Krai of Far Eastern Russia and the Heilongjiang Heilongjiang () formerly romanized ...
(99 km), the
Borisovka Borisovka (russian: Бори́совка) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia. Altai Krai As of 2010, two rural localities in Altai Krai bear this name: * Borisovka, Uglovsky District, Altai Krai, a '' selo'' in Laptevsky Selsov ...
(86 km) and the Komarovka (76 km, main tributary Rakovka).primpogoda.ru
/ref> The city
Ussuriysk Ussuriysk (russian: Уссури́йск) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city in Primorsky Krai, Russia, located in the fertile valley of the Razdolnaya River, north of Vladivostok, the administrative center of the krai, and about ...
was founded in 1866 at the confluence of the Suifen and Komarovka rivers.


References

Drainage basins of the Sea of Japan Rivers of Heilongjiang Rivers of Primorsky Krai {{China-river-stub