Raymond Gram Swing

Raymond Gram Swing (March 25, 1887 – December 22, 1968) was an American print and broadcast journalist. He was one of the most influential news commentators of his era, heard by people worldwide as a leading American voice from Britain during World War II. Known originally as Raymond Swing, he adopted his wife's last name in 1919 and became known as Raymond Gram Swing.

College years

Swing was born in Cortland, New York on March 25, 1887. He attended Oberlin College in Ohio, where his father was a professor of theology. As a youth, Swing was the proverbial "minister's son" and felt unable to live up to his parents' high expectations. Describing himself during his student days as "a prankster who found freshman math 'totally incomprehensible,'" Swing only lasted for a year at Oberlin. He later expressed gratitude for "how much Oberlin had given me—in music, in the first interest I had in the other arts, and in the basic liberalism of racial and sexual equality." "Just being a part of Oberlin gave me an innate sense of the political equality of men and women—all men and all women."

Early career

After leaving Oberlin, Swing worked briefly in a barber shop. His first foray into journalism came at age 19, in 1906 with the ''Cleveland Press''. This was followed by stints at ''The Richmond (Indiana) Evening News'', the ''Indianapolis Star'' and ''The Cincinnati Times-Star''. Determined to prove himself after what he saw as his early failure, he worked to the point of exhaustion. His career was meteoric. At age 23 he became managing editor of the '' Indianapolis Sun.'' Then he was named London bureau chief for the ''Philadelphia Public Ledger''. He also wrote for the journal ''The Nation'' during this time.

By 1913, Swing was working as Berlin and Germany bureau chief for the ''Chicago Daily News''. When World War I broke out in 1914, he covered major battles and was the first to report on the existence of Big Bertha, a massive 420 mm artillery cannon. Gordon Holmes claimed in her autobiography that Swing once told her that he may have been "the only man who might have stopped the 1914 war and forgot to." She recalled:

wingtells how in December, 1914, the German authorities entrusted him with a peace offer to carry to Sir Edward Grey. Germany wanted peace, would withdraw from Belgium and France, would ask for a financial indemnity as a German face-saver, but would not expect payment. Swing, very young, very nervous, saw Grey, who received the message in silence until the word “indemnity” was reached. Then "Grey flushed and denounced it as an insult” and flatly turned down the German proposal. And only after the meeting was over did Swing realize he had told Grey that an indemnity would be asked for, but had forgotten to tell him that payment would not be expected.

In 1915 the Chicago Daily News sent him to Turkey, where his coverage of the attack on the Dardanelles and other stories made him legendary. Crossing the Sea of Marmora on a Turkish freighter, the ''Nagara'', as the British submarine HMS E11 overtook the ship, one of the officers signaled for Swing to do the talking. The British sub commander asked "Who are you?" A question to which Swing should have replied with the ship's name but he instead responded, "I am Raymond Swing, of the ''Chicago Daily News''."

Career after World War I

In 1922, Swing left the ''New York Herald'', for which he had been "the eminent Berlin correspondent," to join ''The Wall Street Journal'' as head of its staff in Europe. By 1930, he headed the '' New York Evening Post's'' London Bureau.

During the 1920s, Swing migrated to the new medium of radio journalism, to which his reassuring and articulate manner was uniquely suited. After covering the 1932 presidential election, he was offered a job at CBS. Swing turned the job down and it was later given to Edward R. Murrow. Swing instead joined the Mutual Broadcasting System, where, in 1936, he began to broadcast on European affairs, emerging as a strong voice of opposition to Adolf Hitler and Fascism. As the Nazis rose in power and influence and began to threaten Europe, Mutual increased his broadcasts to five times a week. He also gave a number of lectures in the United States and abroad on the dangers of Fascism. In ''The Historian'', David H. Culbert described Swing as a liberal who voted for Norman Thomas in 1926 and supported Franklin D. Roosevelt during World War II.

Because of his prestige and credibility, Swing was chosen to be chairman of the Council for Democracy, a group founded in 1940 to support American rearmament and combat domestic isolationism. Funded by Henry Luce, the Council was led by Harvard political science professor Carl Joachim Friedrich and Charles Douglas Jackson, vice president of ''Time magazine''. Swing was the narrator for the cartoon series '' How War Came'', nominated in 1941 for an Academy Award in the Best Short Subject, Cartoons category.

During the war, Swing was reportedly the nation's highest-paid radio commentator. After the war he worked at ABC, BBC
...