Raymond Theodore Carhart (March 28, 1912 - October 2, 1975) was a Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP). As a founder and pioneer of the science, he is frequently referred to as the "Father of Audiology."

Early life and education

Carhart was born on March 28, 1912, in

Mexico City Mexico City ( es, link=no, Ciudad de México, ; abbr.: CDMX; Nahuatl: ''Altepetl Mexico'') is the capital and largest city of Mexico, and the most populous city in North America. One of the world's alpha cities, it is located in the Valley o ...

to Raymond Albert and Edith (Noble) Carhart. Raymond Albert was a

Methodist Methodism, also called the Methodist movement, is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity whose origins, doctrine and practice derive from the life and teachings of John Wesley. George Whitefield and John's b ...

missionary A missionary is a member of a Religious denomination, religious group which is sent into an area in order to promote its faith or provide services to people, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.Tho ...

whose own father, Albert Elijah Carhart, was a

temperance Temperance may refer to: Moderation *Temperance movement, movement to reduce the amount of alcohol consumed *Temperance (virtue), habitual moderation in the indulgence of a natural appetite or passion Culture *Temperance (group), Canadian danc ...

preacher.

Carhart studied at

Dakota Wesleyan University Dakota Wesleyan University (DWU) is a private Methodist university in Mitchell, South Dakota. It was founded in 1885 and is affiliated with the United Methodist Church. The student body averages slightly fewer than 800 students. The campus of th ...

(BA in Speech and Psychology, 1932) and at

Northwestern University Northwestern University is a private research university in Evanston, Illinois. Founded in 1851, Northwestern is the oldest chartered university in Illinois and is ranked among the most prestigious academic institutions in the world. Charte ...

(MA, 1934, and PhD, 1936, in

Speech Pathology Speech is a human vocal communication using language. Each language uses phonetic combinations of vowel and consonant sounds that form the sound of its words (that is, all English words sound different from all French words, even if they are th ...

, Experimental

Phonetics Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that studies how humans produce and perceive sounds, or in the case of sign languages, the equivalent aspects of sign. Linguists who specialize in studying the physical properties of speech are phoneticians. ...

and

Psychology Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. Psychology includes the study of conscious and unconscious phenomena, including feelings and thoughts. It is an academic discipline of immense scope, crossing the boundaries betwe ...

Research and career

Carhart remained at Northwestern until 1944, first as instructor in Speech Re-education and later as Assistant (1940) and Associate (1943) Professor. He joined the

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Medical Administrative Corps in 1944, working in

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until 1946. He returned to Northwestern in 1947, where he remained until his death in 1975.

Carhart notch

Carhart notch effect is a decrease in the bone-conduction hearing at the 2000 Hz region of patients with otosclerosis first reported by and therefore named after Raymond Carhart.Carhart, R. (1950). Clinical application of bone conduction audiometry. Archives of Otolaryngology, 51, 798-808

References

Notes

* Hall, James W.; H. Gustav Mueller (1998). Audiologists Desk Reference: Audiologic Management, Rehabilitation and Terminology. Thomson Delmar Learning. ., p. 912 * Hall, James W. (1999). Handbook of Otoacoustic Emissions. Thomson Delmar Learning. ., p. 2: the Father of Audiology himself, Raymond Carhart at Northwestern University..." {{DEFAULTSORT:Carhart, Raymond Audiologists Dakota Wesleyan University alumni Northwestern University alumni Northwestern University faculty 1912 births 1975 deaths United States Army Medical Corps officers