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Ray Comfort (born 5 December 1949) is a New Zealand-born Christian minister and
evangelist Evangelist may refer to: Religion * Four Evangelists, the authors of the canonical Christian Gospels * Evangelism, publicly preaching the Gospel with the intention of spreading the teachings of Jesus Christ * Evangelist (Anglican Church), a c ...
who lives in the United States. Comfort started Living Waters Publications, as well as the ministry ''
The Way of the Master The Way of the Master (WOTM) is a United States-based Christian evangelism ministry, founded in 2002 and headed by New Zealand-born evangelist Ray Comfort, American former child actor Kirk Cameron and American radio host Todd Friel. The organi ...
'', in Bellflower, California, and has written several books.


Early life

According to Comfort's autobiography, his parents put "
Methodist Methodism, also called the Methodist movement, is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity whose origins, doctrine and practice derive from the life and teachings of John Wesley. George Whitefield and John's b ...
" on his birth certificate but he was given no religious instruction as a child. Comfort identifies himself as both Christian and Jewish.


Career

In 1989, Comfort accepted an invitation to join the pastoral staff at the non-denominational
Calvary Chapel Calvary Chapel is an association of evangelical churches, maintains a number of radio stations around the world and operates many local Calvary Chapel Bible College programs. Beginning in 1965 in Southern California, this fellowship of churc ...
in Southern California.


''The Way of the Master'' ministry

In the mid-1990s Comfort persuaded
Kirk Cameron Kirk Thomas Cameron (born October 12, 1970) is an American actor and evangelist. He first gained fame as a teen actor playing Mike Seaver on the ABC sitcom ''Growing Pains'' (1985–1992), a role for which he was nominated for two Golden Glob ...
, star of the cancelled hit sitcom '' Growing Pains'', to become an evangelist. In 2002, the pair formed an organization called ''
The Way of the Master The Way of the Master (WOTM) is a United States-based Christian evangelism ministry, founded in 2002 and headed by New Zealand-born evangelist Ray Comfort, American former child actor Kirk Cameron and American radio host Todd Friel. The organi ...
'', with the intention of teaching the church to more effectively preach the message of evangelical Christianity. Comfort says that evangelism is the main reason the Christian Church exists and that many of the evangelistic methods used over the last century have produced false conversions to Christianity. Comfort often uses the
Ten Commandments The Ten Commandments (Biblical Hebrew עשרת הדברים \ עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים, ''aséret ha-dvarím'', lit. The Decalogue, The Ten Words, cf. Mishnaic Hebrew עשרת הדיברות \ עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדִּבְ ...
to speak about
sin In a religious context, sin is a transgression against divine law. Each culture has its own interpretation of what it means to commit a sin. While sins are generally considered actions, any thought, word, or act considered immoral, selfish, s ...
before presenting the gospel of Jesus. In the mid-1980s he formulated two sermons entitled "Hell's Best Kept Secret" and "True and False Conversions." Comfort speaks professionally at churches and evangelism seminars, and preaches in
Huntington Beach, California Huntington Beach is a seaside city in Orange County, California, Orange County in Southern California, located southeast of Downtown Los Angeles. The city is named after American businessman Henry E. Huntington. The population was 198,711 duri ...
. As well as co-hosting the former ''The Way of the Master Radio'' with Kirk Cameron, he is co-host of '' The Way of the Master Television Show''. In 2006, Comfort recorded a segment for ''The Way of the Master'''s television show in which he argued that the
banana A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus ''Musa''. In some countries, bananas used for cooking may be called "plantains", distinguis ...
was "the atheist's nightmare", arguing that it displayed many user-friendly features that were evidence of
intelligent design Intelligent design (ID) is a pseudoscientific argument for the existence of God, presented by its proponents as "an evidence-based scientific theory about life's origins". Numbers 2006, p. 373; " Dcaptured headlines for its bold attempt to ...
. Comfort retracted the video and claims upon learning that the banana is a result of
artificial selection Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant m ...
by humans, and that the
wild banana Wild banana may refer to: * ''Musa acuminata'', wild ancestor of the domestic banana plants * ''Musa balbisiana'', the domestic banana and true plantain plants See also * Wild type The wild type (WT) is the phenotype of the typical form of a sp ...
is small and unpalatable.


Debates

On 13 April 2001, Comfort appeared at the 27th National Convention of
American Atheists American Atheists is a non-profit organization in the United States dedicated to defending the civil liberties of atheists and advocating complete separation of church and state. It provides speakers for colleges, universities, clubs, and the ...
in
Orlando, Florida Orlando () is a city in the U.S. state of Florida and is the county seat of Orange County, Florida, Orange County. In Central Florida, it is the center of the Greater Orlando, Orlando metropolitan area, which had a population of 2,509,831, acco ...
, where he debated
Ron Barrier Ron Barrier is the former national spokesperson and media coordinator of American Atheists, and he frequently appears in U.S. media to present arguments from an atheist perspective. He has debated Christian apologist William Lane Craig over the exis ...
, the National Spokesperson for American Atheists. Comfort later stated that "they laughed at my humor, and although there was unified mockery at some of the things that I said, I was able to go through the
Ten Commandments The Ten Commandments (Biblical Hebrew עשרת הדברים \ עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים, ''aséret ha-dvarím'', lit. The Decalogue, The Ten Words, cf. Mishnaic Hebrew עשרת הדיברות \ עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדִּבְ ...
, the fact of
Judgment Day The Last Judgment, Final Judgment, Day of Reckoning, Day of Judgment, Judgment Day, Doomsday, Day of Resurrection or The Day of the Lord (; ar, یوم القيامة, translit=Yawm al-Qiyāmah or ar, یوم الدین, translit=Yawm ad-Dīn, ...
, the reality of
Hell In religion and folklore, hell is a location in the afterlife in which evil souls are subjected to punitive suffering, most often through torture, as eternal punishment after death. Religions with a linear divine history often depict hell ...
, the
Cross A cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two intersecting lines or bars, usually perpendicular to each other. The lines usually run vertically and horizontally. A cross of oblique lines, in the shape of the Latin letter X, is termed a sa ...
, and the necessity of
repentance Repentance is reviewing one's actions and feeling contrition or regret for past wrongs, which is accompanied by commitment to and actual actions that show and prove a change for the better. In modern times, it is generally seen as involving a co ...
, and no one stopped me." On 5 May 2007, Comfort and Cameron participated in a televised debate with
Brian Sapient The Rational Response Squad, or RRS, is an atheist activist group that confronts what it considers to be irrational claims made by theists, particularly Christians. The most visible member of RRS is co-founder Brian Sapient. The Rational Response ...
and Kelly O'Connor of the
Rational Response Squad The Rational Response Squad, or RRS, is an atheist activist group that confronts what it considers to be irrational claims made by theists, particularly Christians. The most visible member of RRS is co-founder Brian Sapient. The Rational Response ...
, at
Calvary Baptist Church Calvary ( la, Calvariae or ) or Golgotha ( grc-gre, Γολγοθᾶ, ''Golgothâ'') was a site immediately outside Jerusalem's walls where Jesus was said to have been crucified according to the canonical Gospels. Since at least the early mediev ...
in
Manhattan Manhattan (), known regionally as the City, is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the five boroughs of New York City. The borough is also coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state ...
. The debate, which was moderated by ''
Nightline ''Nightline'' (or ''ABC News Nightline'') is ABC News' late-night television news program broadcast on ABC in the United States with a franchised formula to other networks and stations elsewhere in the world. Created by Roone Arledge, the progra ...
'' correspondent Martin Bashir, focused on the existence of God, which Comfort claimed he could prove scientifically without relying on the Bible. During the debate, Cameron and Comfort repeatedly referenced the
Ten Commandments The Ten Commandments (Biblical Hebrew עשרת הדברים \ עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים, ''aséret ha-dvarím'', lit. The Decalogue, The Ten Words, cf. Mishnaic Hebrew עשרת הדיברות \ עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדִּבְ ...
and denied the theory of
evolution Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes, which are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction. Variation ...
.


Publications


Tracts

According to Comfort, he has designed dozens of
gospel tract A tract is a literary work and, in current usage, usually religious in nature. The notion of what constitutes a tract has changed over time. By the early part of the 21st century, a tract referred to a brief pamphlet used for religious and poli ...
s since the 1970s, and sells millions of Living Waters tracts each year. Some of his tracts are designed to resemble paper money, including fake $100, $1,000 and $1 million bills. Others employ novelties intended to amuse, such as a "ticket to heaven" that invites the reader to tear it if they do not need it; the ticket is printed on a type of plastic, making it difficult to rip. The tracts typically attempt to persuade the reader that on
judgment day The Last Judgment, Final Judgment, Day of Reckoning, Day of Judgment, Judgment Day, Doomsday, Day of Resurrection or The Day of the Lord (; ar, یوم القيامة, translit=Yawm al-Qiyāmah or ar, یوم الدین, translit=Yawm ad-Dīn, ...
, they will certainly be found guilty of breaking one or more of the
Ten Commandments The Ten Commandments (Biblical Hebrew עשרת הדברים \ עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים, ''aséret ha-dvarím'', lit. The Decalogue, The Ten Words, cf. Mishnaic Hebrew עשרת הדיברות \ עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדִּבְ ...
, and therefore will be sent to
hell In religion and folklore, hell is a location in the afterlife in which evil souls are subjected to punitive suffering, most often through torture, as eternal punishment after death. Religions with a linear divine history often depict hell ...
, unless they say a
prayer Prayer is an invocation or act that seeks to activate a rapport with an object of worship through deliberate communication. In the narrow sense, the term refers to an act of supplication or intercession directed towards a deity or a deified a ...
to acknowledge Christ's
substitutionary atonement Substitutionary atonement, also called vicarious atonement, is a central concept within Christian theology which asserts that Jesus died "for us", as propagated by the Western classic and objective paradigms of atonement in Christianity, which ...
. In June 2006, agents of the US
Secret Service A secret service is a government agency, intelligence agency, or the activities of a government agency, concerned with the gathering of intelligence data. The tasks and powers of a secret service can vary greatly from one country to another. For ...
confiscated thousands of Ray Comfort's "Million Dollar Bill" gospel tracts from Darrel Rundus, president of Great News Network. A federal district court judge ruled that the tracts, which were marked as "not legal tender", did not violate federal law and ordered their return. In October 2010, ''
The New Zealand Herald ''The New Zealand Herald'' is a daily newspaper published in Auckland, New Zealand, owned by New Zealand Media and Entertainment, and considered a newspaper of record for New Zealand. It has the largest newspaper circulation of all newspapers ...
'' reported that elderly people received "appointment cards" by Comfort's California-based publishing company, Living Waters, asking them to fill out information regarding the date and time of their deaths, and advising them to contact evangelists in order to avoid hell. Recipients of these cards expressed anger and horror over receiving them, and contacted police over the matter, with one of them commenting, "It's disgusting. It was quite spooky. I just couldn't comprehend why anyone would ask you to predict the date of your death." ''The New Zealand Herald'' summarized a statement from Living Waters spokesperson Lisa Law as saying that "the cards were a way of raising awareness of human mortality in order to spark discussion about Jesus", and that Law "did not know who sent he tracts.


Books

Ray Comfort has authored more than 80 books and tracts. His 2009 book ''You Can Lead an Atheist to Evidence, But You Can't Make Him Think'', ranked #1 in
Amazon.com Amazon.com, Inc. ( ) is an American multinational technology company focusing on e-commerce, cloud computing, online advertising, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence. It has been referred to as "one of the most influential economi ...
's
atheism Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities. Less broadly, atheism is a rejection of the belief that any deities exist. In an even narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there no d ...
and apologetics categories when it debuted in February 2009.


Abridged version of ''On the Origin of Species''

In November 2009, Comfort released an edited and abridged version of
Charles Darwin Charles Robert Darwin ( ; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all species of life have descended fr ...
's ''
On the Origin of Species ''On the Origin of Species'' (or, more completely, ''On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life''),The book's full original title was ''On the Origin of Species by Me ...
'', with a 50-page foreword containing creationist arguments against the theory of evolution. via
Archive.org The Internet Archive is an American digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge". It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music, ...
The book was given away for free at selected schools around the United States. Stan Guffey, a biologist at the
University of Tennessee The University of Tennessee (officially The University of Tennessee, Knoxville; or UT Knoxville; UTK; or UT) is a public land-grant research university in Knoxville, Tennessee. Founded in 1794, two years before Tennessee became the 16th state, ...
, alleged that most of Comfort's foreword was plagiarised from Darwin himself. According to Comfort's website, "nothing has been removed from Darwin's original work", but
Eugenie C. Scott Eugenie Carol Scott (born October 24, 1945) is an American physical anthropologist, a former university professor and educator who has been active in opposing the teaching of young Earth creationism and intelligent design in schools. She coined t ...
, executive director of the
National Center for Science Education The National Center for Science Education (NCSE) is a not-for-profit membership organization in the United States whose stated mission is to educate the press and the public on the scientific and educational aspects of controversies surrounding t ...
(NCSE), noted that Comfort deleted four chapters by Darwin that described the evidence for evolution, adding that two of the omitted chapters, Chapters 11 and 12, showcased
biogeography Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, ...
, some of Darwin's strongest evidence for evolution. She wrote that Comfort's foreword is "a hopeless mess of long-ago-refuted creationist arguments, teeming with misinformation about the science of evolution, populated by legions of
strawmen A straw man (sometimes written as strawman) is a form of argument and an informal fallacy of having the impression of refuting an argument, whereas the real subject of the argument was not addressed or refuted, but instead replaced with a false ...
, and exhibiting what can be charitably described as muddled thinking". On his website, Comfort said that the four chapters were chosen at random to be omitted in order to make the book small enough to be affordable as a giveaway, with the absent chapters available for download, and that the missing chapters were included in the second edition, which had a smaller text size that made printing the entire book as a giveaway affordable. The second edition still lacks Darwin's preface and glossary of terms. The NCSE arranged a campaign at colleges across the US to distribute an analysis of the Comfort introduction, a one-page flier, and "the NCSE Safety Bookmark" in the shape of a banana, a reference to Comfort's flawed presentation of the banana as an argument for the existence of God.


List of books published

* * * * * * * *


Film

In 2011, Comfort wrote and produced a 33-minute documentary film called '' 180: Changing the Heart of a Nation''. The film was criticized by ''The Huffington Post'' for its comparison of legalized
abortion Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus. An abortion that occurs without intervention is known as a miscarriage or "spontaneous abortion"; these occur in approximately 30% to 40% of pregn ...
to the
Holocaust The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; a ...
. Comfort's 2016 film ''The Atheist Delusion'' premiered at the Ark Encounter, a Christian theme park operated by the
young Earth creationist Young Earth creationism (YEC) is a form of creationism which holds as a central tenet that the Earth and its lifeforms were created by supernatural acts of the Abrahamic God between approximately 6,000 and 10,000 years ago. In its most widespr ...
organization Answers in Genesis on 22 October 2016.


Filmography

* ''The Secrets of Nostradamus Exposed'' (1995): Writer, producer * ''True Fiction'' (1999): Writer * ''
The Way of the Master The Way of the Master (WOTM) is a United States-based Christian evangelism ministry, founded in 2002 and headed by New Zealand-born evangelist Ray Comfort, American former child actor Kirk Cameron and American radio host Todd Friel. The organi ...
'' series (2003–14): Self – Host, writer, producer * '' 180: Changing the Heart of a Nation'' (2011): Self, writer, producer * ''Genius'' (2012): Self, writer, director * ''Evolution vs. God: Shaking the Foundations of Faith'' (2013): Self, director * ''Noah and the Last Days'' (2014): Director, producer, writer, self, runner, sound * ''Audacity'' (2015): Writer, executive producer * ''The Atheist Delusion'' (2016): Executive producer * ''Exit: The Appeal of Suicide'' (2017): Narrator, Writer, Executive producer *''7 Reasons'' (2019): Self, executive producer


References


External links


Ray Comfort's section of the official Living Waters website

The Comfort Zone
– Ray Comfort's blog
The Way of the Master
– Website for his ministry with Kirk Cameron * {{DEFAULTSORT:Comfort, Ray 1949 births 20th-century American male writers 20th-century American non-fiction writers 20th-century Christians 21st-century American male writers 21st-century American non-fiction writers 21st-century Christians American Christian writers American evangelicals American evangelists American male non-fiction writers American people of Jewish descent Christian apologists New Zealand Christian writers Christian Young Earth creationists Converts to Protestantism from atheism or agnosticism Critics of atheism Living people New Zealand Christians New Zealand emigrants to the United States New Zealand evangelicals New Zealand evangelists New Zealand Jews New Zealand people of Jewish descent New Zealand Protestant missionaries Open-air preaching People from Christchurch People from Greater Los Angeles